CN109813560A - A simple evaluation method of rolling resistance characteristics based on tire test modal test - Google Patents
A simple evaluation method of rolling resistance characteristics based on tire test modal test Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种简易基于轮胎试验模态测试的滚阻特性评价方法，通过将1个压电薄膜贴置在轮胎表面，将带轮辋轮胎悬置安装于轮胎支架上，压电薄膜连接电荷放大器，将采集系统与计算机连接实现通讯，利用加载装置单次径向方向激励轮胎，激励点在纵向距离压电薄膜的20‑40mm范围处进行敲击激励，得到压电薄膜时域信号进而得到轮胎的频谱特性曲线，对轮胎频谱特性曲线的一阶峰值进行半功率带宽计算得到轮胎模态阻尼比及半功率带宽，通过对不同轮胎模态阻尼比对比，可以定性评价不同轮胎滚动阻力系数大小及其顺序。具有简易和低成本优势，提高轮胎滚动阻力系数评价效率，降低测试成本。
The invention relates to a simple rolling resistance characteristic evaluation method based on a tire test modal test. By sticking a piezoelectric film on the surface of the tire, the tire with a rim is suspended and mounted on the tire bracket, and the piezoelectric film is connected to a charge amplifier. , connect the acquisition system with the computer to realize communication, and use the loading device to excite the tire in a single radial direction, and the excitation point is knocked and excited at a range of 20-40mm longitudinally away from the piezoelectric film, and the time domain signal of the piezoelectric film is obtained, and then the tire is obtained. The first-order peak value of the tire spectrum characteristic curve is calculated by the half-power bandwidth to obtain the tire modal damping ratio and half-power bandwidth. its order. It has the advantages of simplicity and low cost, improves the evaluation efficiency of tire rolling resistance coefficient, and reduces the test cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of test technology of automobile tire, and in particular to a kind of to be simply based on tire test mould measurement
Rolling hinder evaluating characteristics.
Background technique
As country and people are for the attention increasingly of environmental protection and field of energy utilization, vehicle emissions reduction problem is by wide
General concern, while vehicle also becomes the important object of country's monitoring to the consumption of the energy.And tire is as vehicle and ground face contact
Unique parts, the rolling resistance of tire accounts for vehicle oil consumption 20%-30%, how to control tire drag and passes through to vehicle fuel
The contribution of Ji property and environmental protection is especially prominent, therefore the research for having become domestic and international related fields of low rolling resistance green tire
Hot spot and development trend.
The mechanism that tire drag generates is to damp since the sticky hesitation of Tire rubber material causes with tire
Relationship is the closest.It is very more due to influencing tire drag factor, such as material prescription, tire construction, load, tire pressure, temperature
Degree, road conditions etc. increase the difficult point of study of tire rolling resistance, therefore how to evaluate and reduce tire drag, become people
Research emphasis content.Currently, evaluation tire rolling characteristic, which mainly passes through test measurement method, obtains tire rolling resistance coefficient side
Method carries out opinion rating, and tire rolling resistance test method is mainly indoor rotary drum test method, and test philosophy is to be rotated using rotary drum
Then tire on the drive wheels, the variable datas such as acquisition power, torque, power carry out deriving correlation formula calculating completion according to equilibrium equation
Test must have large scale equipment and multiple sophisticated sensors as support in this process, and tire drag is surveyed at this stage
Examination equipment depends on European and American developed countries' import, and such as MTS company, price is very expensive, few then millions of how then up to ten million
The more than one hundred million members of member, and maintenance and technical support higher cost.It can be seen that conventional tire modal parameter test method rely primarily on it is high
Expensive signal sampler and related software kit, while the power for needing multiple acceleration transducers and vibrating sensor and power to hammer into shape
Signal connects multiple instrument signal channels collecting data information together, and test process is that multiple tap motivates tire, then calculates
Related transducer function, carry out Analysis of Magnitude-Frequency Characteristic and etc. completion, the shortcomings that handling in this way be that test operation process is complicated multiple
Tire is tapped, the test period is long, and acquisition signal path quantity is more, is easy to produce interference signal and signal redundancy, calculation processing number
It is cumbersome according to process, it is often more important that signal acquisition instrument majority is import equipment.
Therefore such as how inexpensive convenient and efficient evaluation tire drag becomes industry problem urgently to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simply rollings based on tire test mould measurement to hinder evaluating characteristics, is used for
Qualitative evaluation different kinds of tyre coefficient of rolling resistance has simple and low-cost advantage, improves tire drag factor evaluation effect
Rate reduces testing cost.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of simply rolling based on tire test mould measurement hinders evaluating characteristics, by by 1 piezoelectric membrane PVDF
It posts in surface of tyre, will suspend and be installed on tire support with wheel rim tire, piezoelectric membrane connects charge amplifier, will acquire
System connect realization communication with computer, motivates tire using power hammer single radial direction, excitation point is thin in fore-and-aft distance piezoelectricity
Percussion excitation is carried out at the 20mm-40mm range of film, obtain piezoelectric membrane time-domain signal and then obtains the spectral characteristic song of tire
Line carries out half-power bandwidth to the single order peak value of tire spectral characteristic curve and tire damping ratios and half power bandwidth is calculated
Width can be with qualitative evaluation different kinds of tyre coefficient of rolling resistance size and sequence by comparing to different kinds of tyre damping ratios.Tool
Body step includes:
(1) tire to be evaluated is mounted on tire on wheel rim and fills standard tire pressure, then wheel rim is mounted on tire support, taken turns
Tire is under free suspended state and does not rotate；
(2) 1 piezoelectric membrane piece is longitudinally posted on tire tread, piezoelectric membrane piece and charge amplifier input terminal connect
It connects, and related precision parameter is set, charge amplifier output end connects capture card, and capture card is embedded into computer-internal and is realized
Real-time communication, computer are connect with display screen, observe test effect in real time, open acquisition system on computers, and phase is arranged
It closes parameter and realizes that software and capture card communicate；
(3) on the wide center of tire of piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction 20mm-40mm range tire tread, using loading device into
Row single taps excitation, and excitation orientation is tire radial direction, and the time-domain signal of acquisition and recording piezoelectric membrane；
(4) time-domain signal of piezoelectric membrane obtained in (3) is subjected to FFT transform, frequency-region signal is converted to, with frequency f
(Hz) it is abscissa, obtains the spectral characteristic graph of piezoelectric membrane by ordinate of amplitude B；
(5) spectral characteristic graph obtained by (4), finds peak point (f at single order peak valuemax,Bmax), it is sat when vertical
When being designated as linear coordinate, calculateWhen ordinate is dB coordinate, Q=f is calculatedmax- 3 (dB), do by ordinate of Q
Horizontal line meets at spectral characteristic curve in q1And q2Two o'clock, the abscissa that this two o'clock is obtained on spectral characteristic curve is f1With
f2, then tire damping ratio be
(6) the tire damping ratios that above step measures are used for qualitative evaluation different kinds of tyre coefficient of rolling resistance size
And sequence.
Further: the hammer of power described in step (3) carries out single and taps the position of excitation in piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction
On the wide center of the tire of tire tread at 30mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of simply rollings based on tire test mould measurement to hinder apparatus for evaluating characteristics, by tire to be measured
6,5, piezoelectric membranes 8 of tire support, charge amplifier 4, capture card 3, computer 2, loading device 9 and display screen 1 form；
The piezoelectric membrane 8 posts on the tyre surface of tire 6 to be measured, and the wheel rim 7 of the tire to be measured 6 is mounted on tire support 5
On, the wide overcentre of tire of piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction 20mm-40mm range tire tread is arranged in the loading device 9,
The piezoelectric membrane 8 is connect with the input port of charge amplifier 4, the simulation of the output point and capture card 3 of charge amplifier 4
Port connection, capture card 3 are embedded in inside computer 2, are realized and are connect with 2 real-time communication of computer, computer 2 with display screen 1,
Acquisition software is installed, acquisition software and capture card 3, which are realized, to be communicated, and acquisition module the inside setting signal channel is adopted inside computer 2
Sample rate relevant parameter.The loading device 9 is power hammer.The loading device 9 is arranged in piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction 30mm
The wide overcentre of the tire of range tire tread.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
The first, the present invention is based on the damping ratios of 1 piezoelectric membrane PVDF biosensor assay tire modal parameter, test process
Middle single-point-excitation method taps tire tread, is different from conventional tire modal test, and conventional tire modal test needs expensive survey
Test instrument and multiple sensors, test process also need to carry out repeatedly to motivate tire, therefore tire modal parameter resistance of the invention
Buddhist nun's method is high-efficient, at low cost, and easy to operate.
The second, the present invention evaluates tire drag coefficient using tire damping ratio, carries out modal parameter to a plurality of tire
Test, can qualitatively judge tire drag size, and traditional test tire drag is especially complex, need large scale equipment,
The expensive and test period is long, improved compared with conventional test methodologies tire drag evaluation efficiency and reduce test at
This.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Simple tyre Experimental Modal Parameters schematic structural diagram of testing device；Wherein, 1, display screen；2, computer；3,
Capture card；4, charge amplifier；5, tire support；6, tire；7, wheel rim；8, piezoelectric film sensor；9, loading device；10,
Excitation point；
Fig. 2 is the piezoelectric film sensor and tire interface enlarged drawing in Fig. 1 at A；
Fig. 3 is half-power bandwidth schematic diagram calculation；
Fig. 4 is tire mode time-domain signal datagram；
Fig. 5 is that the spectral characteristic half-power of tire mode calculates figure；
Fig. 6 is the five different kinds of tyre rolling resistance coefficient and tire damping ratio comparison diagram of 30mm excitation point；A line is tire rolling resistance
Coefficient, b line are damping ratio；
Fig. 7 is the five different kinds of tyre rolling resistance coefficient and tire damping ratio comparison diagram at 20mm excitation point；A line is tire rolling
Coefficient is hindered, b line is damping ratio；
Fig. 8 is the five different kinds of tyre rolling resistance coefficient and tire damping ratio comparison diagram at 40mm excitation point；A line is tire rolling
Coefficient is hindered, b line is damping ratio.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail for the example provided below in conjunction with attached drawing.
It encounters problems for the test of current tire drag, the present invention provides a kind of Simple low-cost qualitative judgement tire
Roll resistance method.
Fig. 1 is a kind of Simple tyre Experimental Modal Parameters test device provided by the invention, by tire 6 to be measured, tire branch
5, piezoelectric membranes 8 of frame, charge amplifier 4, capture card 3, computer 2, loading device 9 and display screen 1 form；The pressure
Conductive film 8 posts on the tyre surface of tire 6 to be measured, and the wheel rim 7 of the tire to be measured 6 is mounted on tire support 5, described
The wide overcentre of tire of piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction 20mm-40mm range tire tread, the piezoelectricity is arranged in loading device 9
Film 8 is connect with the input port of charge amplifier 4, and the output point of charge amplifier 4 is connect with the analog port of capture card 3,
Capture card 3 is embedded in inside computer 2, and realization and 2 real-time communication of computer, computer 2 is connect with display screen 1, in computer 2
Acquisition software is installed in face, and acquisition software and capture card 3, which are realized, to be communicated, and setting signal channel, sample rate are related inside acquisition module
Parameter.
It will be installed together with tire 6 with wheel rim 7 and tire has certain tire pressure, wheel rim 7 will be mounted on tire support 5,
It keeps tire 6 to be in suspension balance stationary state, a piezoelectric membrane 8 is posted along 6 longitudinal direction viscosity of tire in tire 6
Piezoelectric membrane 8 is connect by outside face with the input port of charge amplifier 4, output point and the capture card 3 of charge amplifier 4
Analog port connection, while setting the quality coefficient on charge amplifier 4 according to 8 relevant parameter numerical value of piezoelectric membrane and demarcating and being
Number, capture card 3 are embedded in inside computer 2, and computer 2 is connect by realization and 2 real-time communication of computer with display screen 1, can
It observes in real time, acquisition software is installed inside computer 2, acquisition software and capture card 3, which are realized, to be communicated, and letter is arranged inside acquisition module
The relevant parameters such as number channel, sample rate.Excitation process is that power hammers 9 into shape in the radial single percussion excitation tire of excitation point 10 positions progress
6, the time-domain signal of tire 6 is obtained, the time-domain signal of the tire 6 collected is then subjected to Analysis of Spectrum, in frequency spectrum
(general tire first-order modal peak value is in 100Hz or so), peak point (f at first rank peak value on analysis chartmax,Bmax), it is sat when vertical
When being designated as linear coordinate, calculate When ordinate is dB coordinate, Q=f is calculatedmax- 3 (dB), do by ordinate of Q
Horizontal line meets at spectral characteristic curve in q1And q2Two o'clock, the abscissa that this two o'clock is obtained on spectral characteristic curve is f1With
f2, then tire damping ratio beTo the frequency of the tire mould measurement of tire rolling resistance coefficient known to a plurality of (three or more)
Spectrum analysis obtains multiple damping ratios.
Embodiment 1: the quantity of tire to be evaluated is five.
By 205/R16/55 model tire (model is merely to illustrate case with no restrictions) tire and wheel rim install together and
Tire has tire pressure 2.1bar, and wheel rim is mounted on tire support, it is ensured that tire, which is in, freely suspends balance stationary state, will
One piezoelectric membrane PVDF is posted along tire longitudinal direction center viscosity in tire tread, as shown in Fig. 2, piezoelectricity is thin
Film 8 is connect with the input port of charge amplifier DHF-10, the output point of charge amplifier and the mould of NI PCIe6323 capture card
Quasi- port connection, while the quality coefficient and calibration coefficient on charge amplifier are set according to piezoelectric membrane relevant parameter numerical value,
NI PCIe6323 capture card used herein is only used as embodiment of the present invention explanation with no restrictions, capture card NI PCIe6323
It is embedded in computer-internal, realization and computer real-time communication, computer is connect with display screen, can be observed in real time, is calculated
Acquisition software is installed inside machine 2, is that the MATLAB/Simulink acquisition module used is implemented as acquisition software of the invention here
Illustrate with no restrictions.Acquisition software and capture card 3, which are realized, to be communicated, the setting signal inside MATLAB/Simulink acquisition module
The relevant parameters such as channel, sample rate.Test process is that power is hammered into shape at the 30mm of fore-and-aft distance piezoelectric membrane referring to motivating a little in Fig. 2
10 positions carry out radial single and tap excitation tire, obtain the time-domain signal of tire, referring to Fig. 4, the wheel that then will be collected
The time-domain signal of tire carries out Analysis of Spectrum, and referring to Fig. 5, coordinate is linear coordinate, the first rank peak value in Fig. 5
(99.58Hz, 0.14mm),Locate picture horizontal line, meet at spectrum line in two o'clock abscissa be 96.4883Hz
And 102.6756Hz, obtain tire damping ratioIt repeats the above steps to remaining
Four tires carry out damping ratio calculating, are to use five tires as case study on implementation here, obtained tire damping ratio result is
3.11,3.45,3.89,3.39,3.57, it is calculated as a percentage here.This five tires rolling resistance coefficient be 8.55,8.19,
10.93,8.25,10.74 it is used as verification result of the present invention for known quantity, and then obtains the damping ratio information and tire of five tires
It is identical as tire damping ratio sequence can to obtain tire rolling resistance coefficient order for coefficient of rolling resistance comparison.Referring to Fig. 6, the present invention
Evaluation method be capable of a plurality of tire of qualitative evaluation rolling resistance characteristic, reduce testing cost and reduce test period.
Embodiment 2: the quantity of tire to be evaluated is five in embodiment 1, and excitation point is at 40mm.
Hardware and software is arranged and is completed according to step in embodiment 1, test process is that power hammer taps excitation tire
Position be to be motivated at fore-and-aft distance piezoelectric membrane 20mm, obtain time-domain signal and then obtaining spectrum analysis curve, calculate
Tire damping ratio repeats the above steps and carries out damping ratio calculating to remaining four tires, is to use five tires as in fact here
Case is applied, obtained tire damping ratio result is 3.53,3.71,3.92,3.62,3.83, is calculated as a percentage here.And then
To the damping ratio information and tire drag index contrast of five tires, tire rolling resistance coefficient order can be obtained and tire hinders
Buddhist nun is more identical than sequence.Referring to Fig. 7.
Embodiment 3: the quantity of tire to be evaluated is five in embodiment 1, and excitation point is at 20mm.
Hardware and software is arranged and is completed according to step in embodiment 1, test process is that power hammer taps excitation tire
Position be to be motivated at fore-and-aft distance piezoelectric membrane 20mm, obtain time-domain signal and then obtaining spectrum analysis curve, calculate
Tire damping ratio repeats the above steps and carries out damping ratio calculating to remaining four tires, is to use five tires as in fact here
Case is applied, obtained tire damping ratio result is 3.1,3.42,3.66,3.35,3.51, is calculated as a percentage here.And then
To the damping ratio information and tire drag index contrast of five tires, tire rolling resistance coefficient order can be obtained and tire hinders
Buddhist nun is more identical than sequence.Referring to Fig. 8.
Evaluation method provided by the invention is different from using the damping ratio of only 1 piezoelectric membrane test tire modal parameter
Existing multiple sensors and test process also need to carry out repeatedly to motivate tire, and energized position and direction are different from existing skill
Art, the present invention by theoretical and a large number of experiments determine energized position in piezoelectric membrane longitudinal direction 30mm be it is optimal, from Fig. 6-Fig. 8
Find out, is not so good as although the five tires damping ratios of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 can also be led to the same conclusion with rolling resistance characteristic variations rule
It is good that tire rolling resistance characteristic effect can be evaluated shown in Fig. 6, therefore excitation point is 20mm- apart from piezoelectric membrane fore-and-aft distance range
40mm, and be optimal result at 30mm point, can tire mode displacement after precise measurement excitation, and be single activation single-pass
Road signal, signal number is single, and anti-jamming effectiveness is good, easy to operate, and at low cost, the test period is short.
The present invention is directly to carry out half-power bandwidth to the single spectrum analysis curve of mode when handling tire damping characteristic
Calculate, do not need the signal message for calculating power hammer, be different from traditional transfer curve, traditional calculations transmission function need by
The multiple signals of power hammer and acceleration signal acquire then carry out amplitude-frequency characteristic simultaneously, and calculating process is complicated, are easy error error count
It does not calculate accurately really.
Above-described simply illustrated based on the rolling of tire test mould measurement resistance evaluating characteristics with a kind of
Preferred embodiment of the invention is not used to limit the scope of the present invention, i.e., all claims applied according to the present invention
The simple, equivalence changes and modification that book and description are made, are all the claims of the invention patent.
Claims (4)
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