CN109803812A - The method for activating adhesive - Google Patents

Abstract

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that second object is fastened to the first object is provided, this method comprises :-the first object including connection surface is provided；Second object is provided；Second object is placed relative to the first object, resin combination is between connection surface and the second object, wherein the resin combination includes the resin in flowable state, the resin has the first viscosity；Against each other by the second object and the first object, and mechanical oscillation is made to act on the second object or the first object or both, until resin combination is subjected to vibration induced activation, wherein the activation includes the viscosity reduction of the resin with the first viscosity compared with and at least one of the activation of particle that is scattered in resin, continuation or repeated presses and the step of making mechanical oscillation work, until resin is at least partly crosslinked, and compared with the first viscosity, the viscosity of resin increases ,-thus resin combination the second object is fixed to the first object.

Description

The method for activating adhesive

Invention field

The invention belongs to mechanical engineerings and construction field, especially mechanical realization field, such as automobile engineering, aircraft structure It makes, shipbuilding, machine construction, the fields such as toy construction.More specifically, it is related to including the steps that the product that object is secured to one another Manufacture, and it is related to the adhesive composition for such manufacturing method.

Background of invention

In automobile, aviation and other industry, there is separate steel construction and light material is used instead, such as fiber The tendency of composite material, especially carbon fiber reinforced polymer or glass fiber reinforced polymer.

Although fibre composite component in given sufficiently high fiber content and average fiber length and can be given Determine to be manufactured with sizable mechanical strength in the case where fiber orientation appropriate, but other object, such as connect Device (pin or the like) and its mechanical fasteners are a challenges.Traditional riveting technology is only suitable in limited degree , especially because the ductility of fibrous composite is small.Moreover, because such connection is needed wait connect other object Position at prebored hole, therefore the precision positioned may be problem, especially if the several components being connected to each other are connected It is connected to fibre composite component.Another disadvantage is that prebored hole weaken connector (or the like) object that is fastened.Bonding Agent connection can work well, but meet with following disadvantage, i.e., adhesive strength cannot be greater than outermost intensity and it and portion The intensity of the connection of part rest part.In addition, curable (thermosetting property) adhesive always needs certain curing time for handing over Connection.In the case where industrial production, this will greatly increase the production time.In order to solve this problem, it has been already proposed to use UV is solid Change adhesive, tends to faster solidify than hot setting adhesive.However, they need at least partly transparent connector to permit Perhaps curing radiation reaches curable adhesive.In addition, depend on setting glue-lines can suffer from thickness degree and glue distribution it is equal The problem of sensibility in terms of even property.

There are similar challenges with the connection of the adhesive of other materials.

WO97/25360 discloses the adhesive composition based on polyurethane prepolymer, is used for bonding glass to other bases Material, such as metal or plastics, such as the window frame for windowpane to be bonded to automobile.The composition may include the solidification of encapsulating Agent, breakage of particles therein, especially by application heat, shearing force, ultrasonic wave or microwave or by forcing the composition logical It crosses at its smallest point and is less than the sieve of particle size.WO2008/094368, which is also disclosed by applying ultrasonic energy, to be ruptured Encapsulation object with curing agent, for glass plate to be adhered to the component of vehicle.Attempting to solve specific asking in automobile manufacture When topic, these introductions do not solve above-mentioned challenge in general mode.

Therefore it provides a kind of method that other the second object (such as connector) is fastened to the first object is advantageous , the shortcomings which overcome art methods, and it has resulted particularly in solid and reliable mechanical adhesion.Another purpose It is to provide the composition suitable for this purpose.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that second object is fastened to the first object, this method packet are provided It includes:

The first object including the first connection surface is provided；

Second object is provided；

Second object is placed relative to the first object, resin combination be located at the first connection surface and the second object ( Second connection surface) between, wherein the resin combination includes resin, the resin combination has the first viscosity；

Against each other by the second object and the first object, and make mechanical oscillation act on the second object or the first object or The two, until resin combination is subjected to vibration induced activation,

Wherein it is described activation include the resin combination with the first viscosity compared with viscosity reduce at least partly by At least one element that resin surrounds, such as at least one of the activation of particle being dispersed in resin,

Continue or repeated presses and the step of act on mechanical oscillation, until resin is at least partly crosslinked, and with the One viscosity is compared, and the viscosity (at least local) of resin increases,

Thus the second object is fixed to the first object by the resin combination.

Herein, " resin " indicate any flowable (usually viscous liquid) and can by molecular resin it Between and/or molecular resin and other materials between the substance that for good and all hardens of the covalent bond that generates.For example, resin can be includes The composition of monomer or various of monomer or the prepolymer in flowable state can irreversibly become to polymerize by solidification Object network.

Activation step by reducing viscosity and/or h substance may include removal or reduction composition internal mobility Obstacle.In the embodiment using the multiple element being dispersed in resin, element must be not necessarily solid, but can example It such as meta-stable is dispersed in resin, so that they and resin are formed together lotion.Then, it can be wrapped by the activation of mechanical oscillation It includes and causes local microcirculation to promote to mix, and significantly increase between phase the reaction surface (between element and resin) thus to draw Hair reaction.

It has been found by the present inventors that mechanical oscillation can be made to work in such a way that three kinds are possible: first, for resin sheet Body, by reducing the viscosity of resin and/or for the other materials of composition, such as in some embodiments by initially wrapping Containing in the grain and the substance that is released, the mobility that can lead in resin combination increase.In addition, in embodiments, Vibration can make resin become good distribution and make its completely wet/infiltration, and if applicable, in connection surface (the The first connection surface or the second connection surface of two objects) on be embedded in any structure, so that resin be made to penetrate into so relatively deeply Structure in.

Second, mechanical vibrational energy is mainly inhaled in the interface between the first object and the second object and resin It receives, thus solidification process.More specifically, it is necessary to find that resin relatively effectively and mainly solidifies in interface.Therefore, Vibration later will cause viscosity increase and quick-hardening.

Third, mechanical oscillation cause to activate.As explained in more detail below, if activation includes the activation of particle, This can be functioned differently.

If connection surface is provided with corresponding structure, after this hardening process, resin is in addition to causing material connection (i.e. Adhesive in conjunction with) except the structure can also have been permeated due to it and cause shape be cooperatively connected (positive-fit Connection), which may include undercutting.

In practice it has been found that (such as using commercially available two component epoxy adhesives as resin), with no ultrasound The speed having is compared in the case where vibration, the accelerated at least an order of magnitude of solidification process.Rule of thumb (as a role Of thumb), temperature, which increases about 10 DEG C, makes setting time reduce 50%.In practice, short-term (such as 2-3 seconds) can be observed About 50 DEG C or even 100 DEG C of supersonic induced temperature increases.

Resin combination can be configured to be subjected to vibration induced activation.

First group of embodiment is related to a kind of resin combination, and viscosity can lead to before cross-linking process improves viscosity again Crossing vibration reduces.

In first group of embodiment, during placing step, originally resin combination has quite high viscosity, very Think that it is almost solid and substantially not viscous degree to reaching.Then, in step is provided, can for the first object and/or Second object provides coating of the resin as pre-applied.For example, it is possible that storage is multiple with the resinous coat applied The first object and/or the second object.

For example, in first group of subgroup, resin can the step of the second object is placed relative to the first object it Preceding prepolymerization, i.e., the prepolymerization before being applied.Prepolymer can have condensing temperature (melting temperature or its become sufficiently to flow Other temperature), be higher than the temperature (being room temperature for most applications) when originally the object is provided.

In first group of another subgroup, resin combination includes the additive with stabilization.Such stabilization adds The example for adding agent is bentonite.According to the prior art, it is known that bentonite is not for dripping and only in mechanical stress (thixotropic effect) Become the coating that can sufficiently flow when lower.Once being risen by mechanical oscillation shear rate, therefore viscosity just reduces.

In further subgroup, composition contains because it is with lower glass transition temperatures and/or due to condensing temperature Reduce the additive of viscosity.

In the embodiment of embodiment for including the subgroup being previously mentioned, resin combination can be thixotropic.

With relatively solid property at room temperature and can be by the resin combination of heat hardening this field Know.

According to first group of embodiment invention increases following functions:

Compared with the art methods for being related to heating, heating be not by from long-range heat source via being thus heated What the heat transfer that surface enters resin combination was completed, but completion is absorbed by mechanical vibrational energy.The vibrational energy absorbs master Interface (the outer friction in the object combined therewith occurs；Heat is generated in the two sides at interface) and resin combination sheet The inside (internal friction) of body.Therefore, make according to the method for the present invention targetedly heat and therefore facilitate activation at It is possible.First function and embodiment whether belong to first group it is unrelated.

In addition, mechanical vibrational energy brings high internal shear rate, and therefore utilize the thixotroping occurred in resin combination Effect.Therefore, so that additionally assisting in temporarily reduces viscosity and thereby assist in activation.

Since the mobility in activated resin composition increases, cross-linking process is largely excited.

In first group of specific embodiment, composition includes abrasive grain.

It in fact include at least one element that can be activated by resin combination in second group of embodiment, Such as particle, the resin combination of composition are that can be activated by mechanical oscillation.

In general, can be by first group of property and second group of combination of properties, i.e., embodiment can be according to can be in work When change reduce viscosity and by additionally comprise can activation elements, such as particle and belong to two groups.

Such activatable particles may include polymer beads, especially thermoplastic granulates.When absorbing vibrational energy, this A little particles are heated by internally and/or externally friction.Therefore, they transfer energy to the material of surrounding.Similar consideration Suitable for being not necessarily necessarily required to be suitable as the auxiliary element of particle, such as the fixed range spacer of thermoplastic material.? In the subgroup of embodiment, the element/particle material is to keep solid substantially during the process, i.e., the described tree Temperature when the best crosslinking temperature of rouge becomes flowable far below the element/granular materials.However, best crosslinking temperature can Near the glass transition temperature of material or a little higher than glass transition temperature, because once reaching glass transition temperature Degree, vibration energy absorption and therefore higher is become to the heat dissipation of resin.

The typical candidate of element/particle material for the subgroup includes cross-linked elastomer.In glass transition temperature Degree or more, such material is by converting heat absorption vibrational energy for vibrational energy, and which further enhances the heating of the inside of resin Process.Typical candidate is butene rubber or polyurethane, such as example in P.H.Mott et al., J.Acoust.Soc.Am.111 (4), in April, 2002, described in the 1782-1790 pages.

In another subgroup of embodiment, activatable particles (or other auxiliary elements), especially thermoplastic granulates Activate temperature for controlling resin and/or to the heat dissipation of resin.

Especially in the embodiment of the subgroup, element/particle may include that first order phase change can be undergone (to be related to latent heat Phase transformation) substance.The phase transition temperature of this substance can be specifically chosen as the critical-temperature (overtemperature) in resin hereinafter, but foot Enough height are so that solidification process is fully excited.

It has been found that resin combination is sometimes mainly in the interface with the second object and/or the first object according to setting It is heated, especially in the closer of these interfaces (couple mechanical vibrations to the interface between object therein and resin combination) At end.This may be that each more proximal end object itself is heated due to interfacial effect and/or due to mechanical activation.The effect may The hot-spot and/or the other positions other than an interface for causing resin combination, for example, another interface and/ Or in internal insufficient activation/solidification.

According to the embodiment of the subgroup, the substance for being able to carry out first order phase change is thermoplastic material.Level-one can be undergone The other materials of phase transformation (therefore with latent heat) or the other materials with high heat capacity are also suitable.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the subgroup or generally in second group of embodiment, thermoplastic granulates dispersion In resin.Especially thermoplastic granulates, which can be, to be still high enough that solidification process fills below the overtemperature of resin Phase transformation, especially that of first order phase change (melting-crystallizations in for example, at least some regions) are subjected at a temperature of being excited with dividing. Especially such phase transition temperature can in the range of the best crosslinking temperature of resin, if defining such threshold temperature, Then the temperature is more than the threshold temperature for starting crosslinking.Such best crosslinking temperature can be obtained from the specification of resin, and It is material properties.

Filler with first order phase change generates such effect: preventing resin from overheating, because once reaching first order phase change temperature Degree, as long as and the material of not all filler all undergone phase transformation, particle absorbs heat.Temperature is stablized as a result,.In addition, After being stopped by the energy input of mechanical oscillation, resin is only slightly cooling, then starts the heat dissipation from filler to resin, by This stops or at least basic delay is further cooling.Melting temperature is often slightly above crystallization temperature (lag behavior), this is depended on The nucleation of cooling velocity and polymer.Therefore, compared with the time it takes full cross-linked when resin is under best crosslinking temperature, The duration of required vibration input is reduced.

Especially if filler includes thermoplastic granulates, particle can have one or more (such as whole) following property Matter.

The material of particle makes it with first order phase change, and phase transition temperature is below the critical overtemperature of resin.Especially Ground, phase transition temperature is in the best crosslinking temperature region of resin.

The material of ο particle can make phase transformation be quickly, so as to quickly absorb and release heat.

The example of ο suitable material is polyamide PA11 or PA12.The melting temperature T that these polyamide show_mIt is about 178 DEG C, it is recrystallized when being cooled to about 155 DEG C (depending on environment), and there is quickish crystallization kinetics.Therefore, they are especially suitable It shares and such as is commonly used for some industries in the resin system-usually hardened at 150 DEG C to 170 DEG C, such as auto manufacturing Epoxy.

Particle has the geometry of at least almost spherical.Therefore, it can be achieved that the compactedness of optimization, while to (initial) The influence of viscosity minimizes.

Particle size (average diameter) is 10 μm to 100 μm, and therefore, particle is dispersed in the powder in resin matrix.

Particle has elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) similar with the resin after hardening, such as differs at most 3 times or at most 2 times.Therefore, the mechanical load in the connection between the first object and the second object is equably distributed in composition, is not generated Specific distortion.

It can be chemically reacted to less granular surface with resin.If necessary, this can be by using bridging agent to tree The surface treatment (including if it exists, curing agent etc.) of rouge is realized.

If the development of ο hardening resin internal fissure is problem, the ability of surface and resin reaction is advantageous.Resin Chemical bond between particle surface prevents surface progression of the crack along particle.

The example for being suitable as the substance of the filler of resin is the emulsion polymerization powder of PA11 or PA12, powder particle surface By being surface-treated (such as silanization) for specific resin/hardener system bridging agent.

Can undergo first order phase change selective suitable filler be phase-change material (PCM) particle, including with solid-solid The material of phase transformation, such as the X180 of PCM product limited.

More generally, can undergo the filler of the material of first order phase change can undergo any first order phase change.It is related to The phase transformation of latent heat, including but not limited to solid-liquid and solid-solid first order phase change.

Additionally or as yes-no decision, so that temperature is spread the filler of the equally distributed element of resin is high-efficiency heat conduction material Material, such as the particle of copper, aluminium, carbon-based material (graphite, fullerene, nanotube etc.), thermal conductive ceramic such as silicon carbide etc..

A kind of interesting material for being suitable as filler particles material is with high inner friction, so that working as their quilts They generate the material of heat when mechanical load.For forming the viscoelastic material of lag during loading-unloading cycles especially such as This.The damping capacity is indicated by loss angle tangent (tan δ) property of viscoelastic material.One group of particularly interesting material The material based on PTFE because they combine high internal friction and the good capacity of heat transmission (i.e. other than heating itself, it Additionally aid good heat distribution).Other groups are elastomeric materials, if it is also such that they, which are not thermoplastic,.

The activatable particles of type discussed above, especially if they do not liquefy or at least not exclusively liquefaction, in addition to For by being also used as working as the first object and the second object against each other to be connected with except resin heat exchange activated resin When the distance between the first object and the second object retainer, resin combination is between them.This is for example especially for upper The type for the elastomer particles that text discusses.Apart from retainer effect for the adhesive gap between the object that keeps fastened to each other Specific minimum constructive height may be advantageous.

It is also applied for that the auxiliary thermoplastic of particle need not be limited with regard to the above-mentioned introduction for activable thermoplastic granulates Property element.For example, such element can have it is sufficiently large with the first connection surface and the second connection surface (in each case Under therebetween with possible thin resin layer) both contact size.Therefore, it can have at least one in following functions It is a: the heating element (as discussed above) for crosslinking activation；The distance between first object and the second object retainer；The The mechanical stabilizer of connection between one object and the second object, especially together with the connection with the connection structure for limiting undercutting The measurement (measure) on surface, as discussed below.

In one group of embodiment, the first connection surface and/or the second connection surface include/include connection structure.In this way Connection structure may include protrusion and/or recess portion arrangement.

It can be initially used for stabilizing: firstly, it is the material after process by resin combination, that is, be hardened Resin or by element re-solidified thermoplastic material (such as particle or (other) auxiliary element of dispersion) permeate.Therefore, It increases the stability to adhesive effect.If connection structure includes undercuting protrusion and/or recess portion, especially true, by This first object and/or the second object are fixedly connected by shape.

Secondly, connection structure can have such structure when mechanical oscillation are hit: when them and (multiple) element It is used as energy director when thermoplastic material is physically contacted.

Connection structure can also include high surface roughness, such as by using the sandblasting of sharp particle, have for example big In 50 or 100 microns of roughness (R_a)。

Related to resin material (such as the polyurethane) will be relatively slowly hardened, stabilization can be used for temporary stabilization: such as Fruit (multiple) thermoplastic element is sufficiently large to bridge the gap between the first and second objects (for example, if they are used as distance Retainer), then effect of the thermoplastic material after flowing (flown) relative to connection structure and after solidifying again is logical Crossing shape mating connection keeps the first and second objects relative to each other.This allows the arrangement of the first and second objects to move from treating stations It removes, in treating stations, they are fixed to each other and further processed in hardening of resin.

Especially it is being in thermoplastic embodiment by (multiple) element that resin surrounds wherein, once resin is complete Hardening selects elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) similar with the elasticity modulus of resin may be advantageous.For example, thermoplastic Elasticity modulus at room temperature can it is lower than the elasticity modulus of hardening resin no less than 30% and it is high no less than 50%.Thermoplasticity material The elasticity modulus of material is the known well known amount from tables of data etc., and technical staff can be with dual extension-compression modulus It is selected between similar material.It, can be to avoid in connector if the elasticity modulus of resin and thermoplastic material fits each other Hard spot, and this may be beneficial to long-time stability.

In another embodiment, oneself that can transmit mechanical oscillation is formed when activatable particles are included in mechanical load The particle of stable particle network (especially so-called " percolating network ").Activation may include causing between the particle of particle network Friction, thus generate heat and transfer heat to the resin of surrounding.

The particle for being suitble to this purpose may include ceramics or glass particle.

This self-stabilization network also has possible as the effect apart from retainer, to define adhesive (resin) layer Thickness.

Furthermore or alternatively, such particle may include activating component, such as at least one of the following:

ο curing agent/curing agent (such as water；Especially in the case where polymerizeing addition reaction)；

ο initiator substance, such as the free radical generating agent for being subjected to free radical polymerization/radical crosslinking resin.

ο gas forming material, such as in activation, such as since fuel factor discharges the substance of carbon dioxide or water.

Activating component may be embodied in vesica, and the vesica includes the activating component in film, and the film is shaken due to machinery Existing effect when dynamic impact, for example, high-rate of shear, pressure pulse, cavitation effect or fuel factor and be damaged (destroy/it is broken It splits).

Additionally or alternatively, activating component can be used as the particle being dispersed in resin, such as drop exists.Especially Ground, the preparation of resin combination may include between resin on the one hand and activating component on the other hand generate meta-stable from Analysis.Energy battier to be overcome is mixed causing by the activation of mechanical oscillation, and will therefore cause activating component at least It partially dissolves in resin.Similarly, activating component can exist in the form of granules, and viscosity is for before activation It is too high for mixing, but viscosity (due to heating and/or thixotropic effect) is wherein reduced by the activation of mechanical oscillation, so that with Post activation causes to homogenize.

It in these embodiments, and is including directly or indirectly through the reality from Resin Absorbent energy warms particle It applies in scheme, and is including in the embodiment of mobile particle each other, activation is related to integral particle, i.e., a large amount of particles Material.This with wherein to activate only include discharging activating component by the film that is broken, wherein activation only relates to particle surface/film Embodiment is contrasted.

Term " particle " used herein further includes other (second) phases of the separation of metastable state drop and material.

The advantages of providing the substance in little particle (vesica or the particle being directly dispersing in resin) in the composition is to expand Dissipate the case where path exists only in resin surface than substance much shorter.Another advantage is can also to activate and be difficult to pass through thermal effect The resin combination that should be activated, such as polyurethane prepolymer.

In another set of embodiments, particle includes by discharging the substance to work from the surface of resin combination.

In one embodiment, the substance of particle is (included in vesica or for example as the drop being dispersed in resin In the presence of) include the abstersive solvent of connection surface tool to the first object and/or the second object.Therefore, in the list on surface Only cleaning be difficult to realize or have the shortcomings that it is other in the case where, due to according to the method for the present invention, cleaning can with it is tight Gu step combines.In view of the mobility stimulation effect having according to the method for the present invention, this is particularly advantageous.

In another embodiment, the substance of particle include etchant or physics (such as coarse by inducing) and/or The other materials of the first connection surface of chemical preparation and/or the second connection surface.

In further embodiment, the substance of particle includes and the first connection surface/second connection surface and tree The priming paint (adhesive) of both resins for including in oil/fat composition cooperation.

Particle able to absorb heat is described herein, especially includes the substance for being able to carry out first order phase change Particle is suitable for equilibrium temperature, and thus makes the uniformity of temperature profile of entire resin.In addition to this or alternatively, realizing should Other measures of effect are feasible:

In many embodiments, for example, for including the mechanical oscillation for acting on the second object and/or the first object Process, one of object (far-end object) is held against on non-vibration supporter, and another object (proximal end object) passes through vibration Power driven tools are compressed against on far-end object, and resin combination is between object.For uniform Temperature Distribution, non-vibration supporting element It can be configured to not absorb too many heat.

According to the first possibility, the material of non-vibration supporting element be can be, at least in the interface with far-end object, It is poor conductor of heat but there is relatively durothermic, such as timber, the composite material based on timber, siloxanes, heat resistant plastice Deng.

According to second of the possibility that can be combined with the first possibility, non-vibration supporting element and far-end object quilt It is shaped so that between them that there is no direct physical contacts in the distal end close to vibration rum point.

According to the another possibility that can be combined with first and/or second of possibility, by the way that coupling element is put Set makes vibrational energy be suitble to be coupled in object between vibratory tool and object.Such coupling element may, for example, be polymerization Object foil, such as the PTFE foil between supersonic generator and object.Such coupling element may include one in following functions It is a or multiple:

ο is by avoiding hard-hard conflict, the absorption of vibrations (noise reduction) and mechanical protection on surface.

ο improves vibration transmitting, because the different resonant frequencies between vibratory tool and object can be mended by coupling element It repays, thus improves the efficiency of vibration transmitting.

ο generate other heat (especially if having viscoplasticity and/or elastomer properties, such as PTFE the case where, join See above-mentioned introduction) and/or reduce and leave the hot-fluid of object.This for extremely thin, such as metal plate object and/or have high thermal conductivity Property, such as the object of aluminium is particularly useful.

In embodiments, be coupled to between them with resin combination the first and second objects component in Oscillation power follows time correlation curve figure (profile).For this purpose, for example can correspondingly be adjusted while frequency constant Oscillation Amplitude processed；But it is not excluded for vibration frequency modulation.Particularly, oscillation power input can be smaller in the initial stage, to prop up It holds by resin to the wetting of first/second object and/or reduces viscosity, while not having tangible crosslinking.In the first stage In, pressing force can be relatively high to support wet processes.Then, in second stage, oscillation power higher can be handed over causing Connection, and if applicable, with activated particle, such as with h substance, with melting etc..During the second stage, one In a little embodiments, pressing force can reduce so that relatively free vibration is possibly realized.It, can be in the optional phase III Pressing force is being kept, such as is closing vibration while increased pressing force.

In other embodiments that oscillation power follows time correlation curve figure, vibration repeatedly can be opened and be closed Close, for example, open and close the time each several seconds (such as 1-3 seconds), such as after last time vibration input with longer holding Stage combines.In instances, opening and closing the time is respectively 2 seconds, has 3 on-off periods, and retention time long enough So that whole process occurs 3 minutes.

In embodiments, the first object includes fibre composite component comprising the fiber in insertion basis material Structure.In one group of embodiment, fibre composite component will particularly include the fibre exposed at the first connection surface A part of the structure of dimension.Then so that flowable resin material is penetrated into the structure of fiber, possible gap in material is made to disappear It loses.Vibration can also cause the small movement of fiber itself, and this to facilitate anti-stop (spot) completely not impregnated.Exposed Fibre structure will include the structure for limiting undercutting naturally, be achieved in above-mentioned shape mating connection and arrange without any other It applies.

Particularly, this method may include making the step of the part exposure of fibre structure, especially by removing matrix Outermost portion.

The resin used in these embodiments can have identical with the basis material of fibre composite component Chemical composition or it can have different compositions.

In other embodiments, the first object is with any other material, the surface including metal or ceramic material, All with or without increased surface roughness in the case of two kinds.

The tool for applying vibration can be coupled to the supersonic generator of apparatus for generating vibrations.This device can To be, for example, hand electric device comprising device appropriate, such as PZT (piezoelectric transducer), to generate vibration.

Mechanical oscillation can be extensional vibration；The tool for applying vibration may be substantially perpendicular to surface portion vibration (simultaneously And the tool is also longitudinally pressed into)；The lateral force in tool is not precluded in this, such as the work mobile in surface portion Tool.

In other embodiments, vibration is oscillation crosswise, i.e., mainly with nearly distal shaft (proximodistal axis) Angled such as vertical oscillation, and therefore for example it is parallel to the first and second connection surfaces.Vibrational energy therein and Amplitude can be similar to the parameter of extensional vibration.

It can be considered as in the embodiment of the subgroup of the embodiment using oscillation crosswise at another group, oscillation can be rotation Rotational oscillation is swung, i.e. retrotorsion motion oscillations before vibration object.

Mechanical oscillation can be ultrasonic activation, such as frequency is 15KHz to 200kHz, especially 20KHz to 60kHz's Vibration.For the size of typical second dimension of object (such as characteristic lateral dimension with about 1cm) and composite component, such as For auto industry (car body component), the power of about 100-200W has turned out to be enough, although the power of application may basis Using and great changes have taken place.

In any embodiment, exist by including the selection of execution of instrument this method of the automatic control of pressing force. For example, the device, which can be configured as, only opens vibration when applying some minimum pressing force, and/or once reach some maximum Pressing force is shut off vibration.Especially the latter is for must avoid the component of undesirable deformation, such as certain car body components can It can be beneficial.

For this purpose, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) measurement can be used and apply stressed ability according to first choice.It is selected according to second It selects, can there is special mechanism in a device.E.g., including energy converter and tool (supersonic generator) is connected to thereon Unit can resist (against) spring force and be slidably mounted in shell.The device can be configured so that only when the list Vibration could be opened when member is displaced certain least displacement and/or only when its displacement is no more than certain maximum displacement.For reality Device well known in the art, such as grating, sliding electric contact, position sensing switch or other devices can be used in existing this point. In addition, the foldable casing or the like of type described below may include or operating contact or switch or the like with control pressing Power.

Vibration frequency can influence the mode of effect of vibration.Lower frequency will lead to longer wavelength.By keeping wavelength suitable The size for the component that should be completed, depth and energy are mainly in " near field " area when operator can be strongest to the effect of vibration Domain, " far field " region are still absorbed in intermediate region and exert one's influence.

Brief description

Hereinafter, it is described with reference to the drawings and implements mode and embodiment of the invention.Attached drawing is schematical.In attached drawing In, identical appended drawing reference refers to same or similar element.Attached drawing is shown:

- Fig. 1, the first object, the second object and supersonic generator arrangement sectional view；

- Fig. 2, according to the development of viscosity during the process of embodiment；

- Fig. 3, according to the development spread during the process of embodiment；

- Fig. 4, the resin combination with vesica；

- Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, with the resin combination of abrasive grain during two different phases of process；

- Fig. 7, the arrangement of relatively large first object and the second object；

- Fig. 8, another arrangement of the first object, the second object and supersonic generator；

- Fig. 9-11, other resin combinations；

- Figure 12, the first object, the second object and another arrangement of resin combination part；

- Figure 13, the figure of temperature versus time；

- Figure 14, procedure chart；

- Figure 15 and Figure 16, across the sectional view of the component of the first object, the second object and supersonic generator, wherein setting Rouge pearl is distributed between the first object and the second object；

- Figure 17, the example of the second object；

- Figure 18, across the sectional view of the arrangement with the structured particles as auxiliary element；

- Figure 19-21, the top view of the embodiment of structured particles；

- Figure 22, the structured particles with guiding connector；

- Figure 23-25 illustrates the sectional view of the measure for limiting resin combination；

- Figure 26 and 27, across the sectional view of the arrangement with connection structure；

- Figure 28, across the sectional view of auxiliary element；With

- Figure 29 and 30, selective connection structure.

The description of preferred embodiment

Fig. 1 shows in cross section the arrangement of the first object 1 and the second object 2, has resin combination part 3 therebetween. The first object in discribed embodiment is fibre composite component 1, has the fibre in insertion hardening resin matrix Tie up structure.The part exposed fibers structure at the first connection surface part on the surface of the first object, such as by removing matrix Material.Resin combination part 3 is applied to the expose portion on surface.

In discribed embodiment, the first object includes fibrous composite at least at the first connection surface.So And other surfaces with suitable physics (roughness, porosity) and/or chemical property are also suitable.Particularly, properly The first object and/or the second material include metal, ceramic material, timber or wood-base materials, in addition to fibrous composite Other plastic materials etc. all have or do not have surface roughening.

For illustrative purpose, in the embodiment of all descriptions, the first object of display has general even shape.So And all embodiments of the invention are also applied for the first object uneven but with any other shape.

Second object also can have any shape, as long as being formed includes being total to for the first connection surface and the second connection surface With linkage interface.Particularly, in embodiments, the second object can be connector, which includes for will be another One object is fastened to the second object and is thus fastened to the fastening structure of the first object.

Second object can have the specific purpose for being suitable for the second object, and be further adapted to via resin and Any material of one object bonding connection.For example, the second object may include metal, ceramics, polymer-based material, such as composite wood At least one of material etc..Particularly, in embodiments, the second object may include fibre reinforced composites, especially exist At second connection surface in the case where fiber exposure.With its of suitable physics (roughness, porosity) and/or chemical property Its surface is also suitable.

The second object shown has different structures, such as multiple recess portions, such as channel in its distal side.Second object Distal surface forms the second connection surface of the configuration.

Second object can be used, for example, the fastener that another object is fastened to the first object.

In order to which the second object and the first object is secured to one another, second object is pressed against using supersonic generator 6 On one object, between the parts, and mechanical oscillation are coupled to the second object 2 by supersonic generator for resin combination part 3 In.It has been found that mechanical oscillation have a dual effect: firstly, it makes resin become to be uniformly distributed simultaneously complete wetting/infiltration, and If applicable, any structure is embedded in connection surface, so that resin be made to penetrate into such structure relatively deeply.Its Secondary, mechanical vibrational energy mainly the interface between the first object and the second object and is absorbed in resin, so that excitation is solid Change process.

In fig. 1 it is illustrated that resin combination 3 be set as example passing through corresponding dispensing tool before activation process It is applied to the part of the first connection surface.Alternatively, especially if viscosity plays are just very high, then resin combination can be with Any time before activation process temporarily anchors to the second and/or first connection surface, Huo Zheke in a separate step To exist as the individual line of material (strand) or piece.

According to one group of embodiment, resin combination is with originally relatively high viscosity (for example, resin combination can be Paste or rubber-like/wax-like) and the viscosity reduced because of activation.Fig. 2 shows viscosity as the time function it is corresponding Figure.Viscosity 11 be before activation it is relative constant because resin combination do not suffer from before activation any chemical transformation or Only undergo relatively slow chemical transformation (such as crosslinking).After activation starts 12, viscosity drops to such value first, Under the value, mobility is enough the structure for making resin combination permeate the first object and/or the second object.Hereafter, due to initiation Crosslinking, viscosity increases again, until resin combination is sufficiently hardened so that the first object and the second object are secured to one another.

Generally, in embodiments, few an order of magnitude is down to (extremely under the influence of the activation that viscosity passes through mechanical oscillation It is 10 times few), and for example decline multiple orders of magnitude (at least 100 times).

In resin combination the diffusion 21 of any particle or substance originally by it is relatively low and after vibration starts substantially Rise, as shown in Figure 3.

Fig. 4 shows resin combination 3, fills with resin embedding particle 71, such as by the drop of substance or substance Vesica.Since distribution of particles is in resin, when intragranular substance will be distributed in resin, side according to the present invention Method has a dual effect:

Firstly, because substance is present in the particle being distributed in resin, the particle will be molten by the effect vibrated Solution/decomposition, if so substance the necessary length of the diffusion path of substantially uniform distribution will be less than substance and only deposit in the composition The case where being at the surface of resin.

Secondly, as shown in Figure 3, due to method described herein, diffusion itself will be higher at the beginning.

As described above, the example for the substance for including in particle include activated resin/resin combination itself substance and/or Including impinging upon the substance in the first connection surface and/or the second connection surface.

The embodiment of the effect using viscosity behavior as shown in Figure 2 is depicted in fig. 5 and fig..In addition to resin, Resin combination also includes abrasive grain 77 of the distribution in resin, which closes and be in solid/wax-like state.At least one A little abrasive grains form the part on surface and contact when the process starts with the first connection surface and/or the second connection surface. When mechanical oscillation start to hit, still transmitting is vibrated with respect to the resin combination of solid-state (high viscosity), and abrasive grain It would be held in resin matrix and impinged upon in first/second connection surface by vibration.The initial of application is vibrated as a result, Stage becomes preparation process (Fig. 5).

After resin becomes flowable enough, particle will be pressed into the inside of composition and will keep distribution wherein. Resin combination is then bonded to roughened surface.

Fig. 7 very schematically illustrates the possible application of embodiment of the present invention.First object 1 and the second object 2 are bonded to each other by adhesive connection, wherein the first object and the second object are all relatively large.In the fabrication process, object it Between adhesive hardening until bond it is sufficiently strong be used for further manufacturing step when may cause significant delay.Cause This, the method for embodiment according to the present invention is using fastening method as described herein at multiple discrete points 81 at these Activated resin at point.Make to bond in Fast Process as a result, sufficiently stable.Hereafter, the resin portion between discrete point 81 can be with It slowly hardens, while the component of the first object and the second object is subjected to further process step.

Fig. 8 is shown the arrangement before activation step i.e..Second object 2 is fastener, with anchor plate 151 and admittedly It is scheduled on tightening member 152 thereon, is threaded rod here.In the embodiment of Fig. 8, supersonic generator includes and fastening member The reception structure of part cooperation, supersonic generator and the second object are mechanically coupled to one another.

First object 1 can be any property.In fig. 8 it is shown that it is metal plate.

Resin combination 3 exists as the coating of the second object, and in fig. 8, the coating as its anchor plate exists.If Resin combination has relatively high viscosity, such as makes it at room temperature and be wax-like, then it can be substantially inactive, make Obtaining the second object can even store together with the resin combination 3 of pre-applied.

Fig. 9 depicts the example of resin combination 3, and wherein activatable particles 73 are dispersed in resin 72, and the particle is It is thermoplastic.When vibrational energy hits composition, thermoplastic granulates will tend to absorb mechanical vibrational energy, and thus inducing peripheral The heating of resin is with activated resin.Moreover, thermoplastic material can have other function, such as by after the activation process Facilitate the engineering properties of resin combination, such as by increasing certain ductility.

Figure 10 shows the variant of the resin combination of Fig. 9, and in this variation, thermoplastic granulates 73, which have, corresponds to resin The size of the final thickness of composition layer.Therefore, thermoplastic granulates 73 have dual function:

During the step of by the second object and the first object against each other, they are used as distance and limit spacer.

They absorb mechanical vibrational energy, to pass through the resin around thermal activation.Compared with the embodiment, machinery vibration It is dynamic to be directly coupled in thermoplastic granulates 73 from the second/the first object, thus the vibration hereditary property of the design and resin 72 without It closes.

According to the structure of the first and/or second object, alternatively possible function is the contribution to anchoring, below with reference to What Figure 26 was explained.

Figure 11 is shown comprising particle 74, for example, glass or ceramic particle resin combination 3 example, in resin ring Form the particle network of self-stabilization in border when compressed compositions 3 at least between the first and second objects.Therefore, work as mechanical oscillation When being coupled in resin combination, friction generates heat in the region 75 between particle, and thus resin is activated.

Granular materials particularly suitable for hot transmitting/heat transfer includes diamond, graphite, carbon (list), aluminium nitride, nitridation Boron.

Figure 12 is another reality of the arrangement of the first object 1, the second object 2 and the resin combination part 3 between them Example.In the embodiment of Figure 12, both the first object 1 and the second object 2 are respectively shown as metal plate, the plate relative to It is arranged so that they are at least overlapped in resin combination in the zones between them each other.

The arrangement of Figure 12 shows two kinds of measures for thermal balance, both measures can be realized independently of one another.

- the first object (far-end object in shown setting) is mounted on non-vibration supporting element 81, the non-vibration support Part 81 immediately tie point/link position (position of the resin combination between the first object and the second object) distal end support, And it is interrupted (opening 82), so that not contacted directly at link position between supporting element and the first object 1.Therefore, significantly Reduce the heat transmitting to supporting element left from the first object, it is good heat conductor that the first object, which is metal plate,.Furthermore or As an alternative, supporting element can be poor thermal conductivity but still heat-resisting material, such as based on timber, based on fiber (such as nonwoven), paper/cardboard or high temperature polymer (such as Tm > 200 °) material.

Resin combination includes thermoplasticity and/or PCM particle 73, can not only absorb vibration and therefore generate heat, But also it is potentially able to absorb heat.

As discussed above, filler generates such effect first: preventing resin from overheating, because once reaching level-one phase Temperature (melting temperature in embodiment discussed), as long as and not all thermoplastic material all liquefied, particle With regard to absorbing heat.Temperature is stablized as a result,.Secondly, after closing energy input, thus particle heat dissipation extends energy input Effect.Therefore, for given curing time, it is possible to reduce processing time of the energy being coupled into component.Particularly, it handles Time can be shorter than resin full cross-linked spent time under treatment temperature (it corresponds roughly to melting temperature).

Figure 13 illustrates very schematically this point.Figure 13 shows function of the temperature 191 of resin as the time, wherein Assuming that energy input is opened in t=0.In initial stage (heat-up periods I_h) during, energy input causes temperature to increase, class It is similar to the system of not thermoplastic filler.Once having reached melting temperature T_m, the heat absorption of thermoplastic granulates increases, so as to heat Input is increased to temperature, and further above about melting temperature, (due to temperature gradient, the temperature of resin be may be slightly higher than Melting temperature).When energy input is in specific time (t_s) stop when, temperature only slightly will drop to melting temperature hereinafter, but this Afterwards by by the thermostabilization from thermoplastic granulates, thermoplastic granulates are radiated due to crystallization process.Therefore, therebetween best Resin excitation/acceleration crosslinking interval I near crystallization temperature_stimIt is considerably longer than after the heat-up periods of energy impact therebetween Interval.Which reduce the processing times, i.e., therebetween must active process component time.

Figure 14 shows the energy input (oscillation power P) 195 and pressing force F 196 by describing the function as the time Possible process control.The process is unrelated with resin combination, it can is all resin combinations for teachings herein The selection of object.

During the first stage mechanical oscillation input it is relatively small, have small Oscillation Amplitude, be achieved in thixotroping and Wetting effect, the i.e. purpose of first stage are to support wet processes tight between resin combination and object to be connected to ensure Contiguity touching.In the first stage, energy input is sufficiently low so that chemical reaction (being especially crosslinked) keeps minimum.This reacts height Property system, such as with liquid mix bicomponent system be even more important.

Hereafter, in second stage, amplitude is higher, to accelerate cross-linking process.Then, vibration is closed.

The power of first stage is relatively high, to support wet processes.Then, while Oscillation Amplitude is high, such as reduce Power especially realizes the vibration of object to be connected relative to each other, to realize vibration coupling into resin.

It, can be with retentivity or that in embodiment even as shown in optional phase III (pressing force is kept for the stage) Sample lifting force, to compensate the contraction during cross-linking stage.

In the following, it is described that following configuration, be used as implementing configuration according to the method for the present invention, and as with Second object is fastened to both configurations of method of the first object in implementation usual resins or other resin combinations.

Figure 15 depicts the arrangement of the first object 1, the second object 2 and the resin combination part 3 between them.Second object Body 2, as shown in Figure 15, it to be relatively thin board, such as sheet metal that there are also the first objects 1.Assuming that the first object and Both two objects have in relatively large plane (xy)-extension, resin portion is widely applied at least one object On surface, such as by corresponding robot, it is applied on the adhesive pearl of extension.For by the whole of adhesive coverage The surface of the mechanical oscillation widely applied on a region, resin may be too big, and hardens and can only send out at discrete point It is raw.Hereafter the rest part of adhesive can be hardened with rate much slower and/or by heating induction.

Possible challenge herein may be, according to the rigidity of the second object 2, it may be difficult to vibration selectively be passed through the Two objects are coupled in desired point, are dissipated without too many vibrational energy by laterally flowing away.

In embodiments, the material (such as membranaceous sheeting) of the second object is as follows: its part is sufficiently flexible with choosing Selecting property by vibration coupling to close to the resin portion below supersonic generator, the part is by vibration coupling to the second object In.

In other embodiments, the second object includes local deformation, such as the embossing with energy guidance property.

In Figure 15, embossing forms localized recesses/pearl 91.As shown in Figure 16, along the flat of the section perpendicular to Figure 15 Face depicts the configuration of Figure 15 with sectional view, and recess portion optionally forms ripple in bottom.It is thereby achieved that multi-effect:

As a whole, especially ripple provides the obvious structure with energy guidance property, such as edge to recess portion.Vibration The absorption of energy is occurred in a manner of strengthening at these structures.As a result, hardening process surrounds these structure settings, in Figure 16 Region 95 shown in.

The structure influence vibration behavior and can to a certain extent by recess portion 91 region and recess portion 91 around Region uncoupling.

It is recessed with the structure when the first object and the second object are mutually pressed against in the still flowable situation of resin Inner distance retainer is played the role of in portion, to limit the thickness of adhesive portion after the procedure the procedure.

Figure 17 depicts the second object 2 with cross section (above) and top view (following figure), shows the structure with recess portion Modification (it can optionally be provided with other structure, be similar to Figure 16), in this variant, recessed area is embossed slot 97 It surrounds, embossed channel 97 is used as nipple structure, is mainly used for the vibration for the part for making it possible to be surrounded by groove.

The alternatively possible solution party for the problem of vibrational energy is selectively coupled to desired point is shown in Figure 18 Case.Design of the solution based on thermoplastic granulates present in resin combination.However, compared with the embodiment above, Particle has the shape limited, and also has the position limited in Figure 18, and accordingly act as the first object 1 and the second object Auxiliary element between 2.Therefore auxiliary element is as the thickness for limiting resin portion 3 apart from retainer.Work as mechanical vibrational energy Amount is for example locally applied to the second object in the position of auxiliary element 101, while the second object 2 and the first object 1 are each other When pressing, the thermoplastic material of auxiliary element absorbs vibrational energy, especially because externally and/or internally rubbing, and therefore part It is heated.As a result, heat is also delivered to the resin material 3 of surrounding.

In embodiments, as shown in Figure 18, auxiliary element 101 has energy drag device (energy director) 102,103, e.g. ridge, tip or other protrusions.Figure 18 shows the first energy drag device with the interface of the first object 1 102 become apparent from than the second energy drag device 103 of the interface with the second object, to compensate due in discribed embodiment Vibration will be coupled into the fact being rather than directly coupled in the first object in the second object and the asymmetry generated.

Figure 18 shows the region around energy drag device, and the activation of resin material is occupied an leading position in this region.

Figure 19-21 shows the top view of different auxiliary elements, to show possible auxiliary element shape.Generally Ground, in embodiments, if auxiliary element has the shape different from simple disk so that side surface is bigger, and therefore with tree The interface of rouge is bigger, then may be advantageous.It can also be regarded according to the particle 73 being dispersed in foregoing embodiments in resin For the auxiliary element of substantially spherical.

Figure 22 again illustrates section, depicts chosen below: providing the guidance with the first object 1 for auxiliary element 101 The guidance connector 112 that hole 111 cooperates is to limit exact position of the auxiliary element relative to the first object.

In embodiments, if resin combination 3 can at least partially laterally be limited in the first object and the second object Limited area between body, it is advantageous.Figure 23 shows the selection done so.First object 1 includes shallow recess 111, Limit the region of resin combination 3.A kind of such recess portion container for being restricted resin.Additionally or alternatively, recess portion week The edge enclosed may be used as flow limiter, and the lateral flow of resin is prevented by capillary effect/surface tension.By other Similar limitation can be achieved in discontinuity, such as circumferential ridge or slot etc..

Similarly, as shown in Figure 24, recess portion can be formed by embossing recessed structures 112, rather than as shown in Figure 23 Part it is thinning.Such patterned structure optionally further includes lesser ridge/recess portion, such as shown in Figure 16, the ridge/recessed Portion can reside in the first object and/or the second object, and may be used as energy director and/or apart from retainer.

Figure 25 shows the example of circumferential embossed groove 113, may be used as the discontinuous of auxiliary limitation resin combination 3 Property.

Figure 26 shows (the first object 1) the first connection surface and/or (the second object 2) second connection surface includes The principle of connection structure, the connection structure are different from being only plane.In the embodiment of Figure 26, the first connection surface and Both two connection surfaces include connection structure, each connection structure includes multiple connection protrusions 141.Connection protrusion can have At least one of following functions:

Stable connection: by their structure, they are in resin combination (including any auxiliary element, if can fit With) by facilitating shape fiting effect other stability is provided after hardening.Connection structure shown in Figure 26 is relative to vertical It is undercut to direction (perpendicular to the direction of connection surface), thus after the solidification of resin combination 3, they are cooperated with shape Each first object/second object is fixed to resin combination by mode.Even if they are not undercut, they also provide other Anti-shearing force stability.Class may be implemented by other connection structures, especially coupling recess portion and/or roughness (see below) As effect.

Energy guides property: connection protrusion or other connection structures can have significant energy guidance property, such as pass through Form tip (in the embodiment of such as Figure 26) and/or edge or the like.When this apparent feature and thermoplastic granulates 73 It, will be at the position of such contact when vibrational energy is coupled in system or when the physical contact of thermoplasticity auxiliary element Cause strong energy absorption, so as to cause target heating.

In the embodiment of the type shown in Figure 26, wherein resin combination includes relatively little of relatively large dispersion Thermoplastic granulates 73, possible design standard can be, and the distance between two adjacent connection protrusions d corresponds to average grain At most half of diameter D or the at most diameter D corresponding to average grain connect so that each particle connect protrusion at least one Touching.If not only between resin and connection structure, but also the shape between the thermoplastic material and connection surface of especially particle 73 Shape fiting effect is important and/or if the energy guidance effect of connection structure is important, realizes that the design standard can It can be particularly useful.

Figure 27 is shown from the embodiment of Figure 26 in the different embodiment of following properties:

The thermoplastic granulates 73 for replacing dispersion, exist that serve as the sheet auxiliary element 101 of thermoplasticity spacer.Connection is prominent The pressing force for playing the amount of 141, resin material and applying during processing can fit each other, so that connection protrusion is penetrated into auxiliary In element 101, while its material that locally liquefies.

- the first connection surface is without being different the connection structure that connection protrusion includes 143 form of rough surface.This table Coarse face will be macroroughness, and it is coarse to be greater than the remnants (microcosmic) generated when for example manufacturing element by injection molding.Example Such as, the roughness (R of such roughened section_a, arithmetic average roughness) and it can be at least 10 μm or at least 20 μm or even At least 50 μm or at least 100 μm.

The two differences are independent of one another, and must not necessarily combine.

May also only one object have this structure, rather than the first object and the second object both have connection tie Structure.

Target connection structure can be manufactured for example by forming technology known in the art, such as laser ablation, Huo Zheye It can be manufactured by depositing operation or embossing or molding process, or can also be by being ground with corase grinding in the case where rough surface Mill apparatus Grinding manufacturing.

Figure 28 shows the another embodiment of auxiliary element 101, i.e. thermoplastic web.Such net can form band.? In embodiment, porosity can be about 50% and/or its carrier that may be used as resin, so that placing resin combination can To include only placing the band impregnated by resin.

As the substitute of net, the other structures, such as cable architecture or the like that can be impregnated by resin also can be used.

Figure 29 and 30 shows the selective shape of connection protrusion 141.The connection protrusion of Figure 29 forms sharp tip, So that there is good energy to guide property for they, the energy of input system necessary to activating is thereby reduced, i.e. connection is prominent It rises and is optimized for penetrating into particle/auxiliary element resin combination with dispersion with the smallest energy and time input In.However, the connection protrusion of Figure 29 is not undercut.Therefore, the embodiment of Figure 29 is suitble to quickly processing, for example, if required Bonding strength it is not high or if resin bonding especially (enough) by force.

The embodiment of Figure 30 has connection protrusion, which hardly has any energy guidance property but quilt Undercutting.The embodiment can for example be suitble to need slow, uniform energy input, the case where combining with the effect of undercutting. Other shapes with or without undercutting and with or without energy guidance property are possible.

Claims (30)

1. a kind of method that second object is fastened to the first object, the described method comprises the following steps:

The first object including the first connection surface is provided；

Second object is provided；

Second object is placed relative to the first object, resin combination between the first connection surface and the second object, Described in resin combination include resin, the resin combination have the first viscosity；

Mechanical oscillation are made to act on the second object or the first object or both, until resin combination is subjected to vibration induced work Change,

Wherein the activation includes that the viscosity of the resin combination compared with the first viscosity is reduced and is at least partly surrounded by resin At least one of the activation of at least one element,

Continue or repeat the step of making mechanical oscillation work, until resin is at least partly crosslinked, and with the first viscosity phase Than, the viscosity of resin at least locally increases,

Thus the second object is fixed to the first object by the resin combination.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein at least one described element is thermoplasticity and/or elastomer element, and And wherein the mechanical oscillation are absorbed by the element vibrational energy, thus the element contacts the heat to the resinous wood of surrounding Material.

3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one described element includes being capable of temperature more than room temperature The substance of lower experience first order phase change, and wherein the vibration induced activation includes causing at least partly material experience level-one phase Become.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, can undergo the material of first order phase change described in wherein is thermoplastic material.

5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein described, can to undergo the material of first order phase change be phase-change material.

6. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resin combination includes multiple as particle Element.

7. according to the method described in claim 6, wherein the particle has the geometry of at least almost spherical.

8. method described in any one of according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the average diameter of the particle is 10 μm to 100 μm.

9. method a method according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the elasticity modulus and the resin after crosslinking of the particle Elasticity modulus differ at most 2 times.

10. the surface of the method according to any one of claim 6-9, the wherein at least described particle can occur with resin Chemical reaction.

11. the method according to any one of claim 6-10, wherein the particle includes polyamide polymer.

12. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein described be at least partly surrounded by resin at least One element has thermoplasticity.

13. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein described be at least partly surrounded by resin at least One element includes auxiliary element, and wherein the step of placing the second object and/or the step of so that mechanical oscillation is worked In, it is included in pressing step and against each other and uses auxiliary element as apart from retainer on the first and second objects.

14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the auxiliary element has thermoplasticity and forms at least one energy Guide structure.

15. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein second object has the second connection surface, In in the placement step, the resin combination is between the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and wherein First connection surface or the second connection surface or both have connection structure, and the connection structure has connection protrusion, connects It is at least one of coarse to connect recess portion, macro surface.

16. according to the method for claim 15, wherein the connection protrusion and/or coupling recess portion are undercut.

17. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein described be at least partly surrounded by resin at least One element includes the multiple particles being dispersed in resin.

18. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein before the step of making mechanical oscillation work, institute It is prepolymerized for stating resin.

19. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resin at least makes mechanical oscillation work It is thixotropic in a period of time simultaneously.

20. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resin combination includes additive, it is described to add Agent is added to reduce viscosity due to shear rate or due to reduced TG transformation and/or condensing temperature.

21. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the activation includes the resin compared with the first viscosity Viscosity reduce, and wherein the resin combination also includes abrasive grain.

22. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resin includes particle as element, described Grain includes activating component, and wherein presses and mechanical oscillation is made to function such that the activating component is dissolved in resin.

23. according to the method for claim 22, wherein the activating component can include in activated resin composition to A kind of few other materials, such as resin.

24. according to the method for claim 23, wherein the activating component includes curing agent, initiator substance, gas shape At at least one of substance.

25. the method according to any one of claim 22-24, wherein the activating component includes that can impinge upon first Substance in connection surface and/or the second connection surface of the second object.

26. according to the method for claim 25, wherein the activating component include solvent, priming paint, in etchant at least It is a kind of.

27. method according to any of the preceding claims comprising by institute while making mechanical oscillation work State the second object and the first object against each other.

28. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resin combination includes to be capable of forming from steady Determine the particle of particle network.

29. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oscillation power of mechanical oscillation is modulated, In in the initial stage, the oscillation power is lower than follow-up phase.

30. a kind of resin combination, the adhesive being used as between the first object and the second object, the resin combination include It resin and can be activated by mechanical vibrational energy, and the resin combination also includes at least one of the following；

The abrasive grain being dispersed in resin, wherein the resin is configured as its viscosity when activating by mechanical vibrational energy It reduces；

Particle containing activating substance, wherein the substance can be dissolved in week when mechanical oscillation act on resin combination In the resin combination material enclosed；

The thermoplastic granulates being dispersed in resin；

It is capable of forming the particle for the self-supporting network being dispersed in resin；

Resin combination is set to become thixotropic additive.