CN109799326B - A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits - Google Patents
A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109799326B CN109799326B CN201910158095.2A CN201910158095A CN109799326B CN 109799326 B CN109799326 B CN 109799326B CN 201910158095 A CN201910158095 A CN 201910158095A CN 109799326 B CN109799326 B CN 109799326B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nematodes
- nematode
- biomass
- body width
- maximum body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000692822 Bacteroidales Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 25
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004173 biogeochemical cycle Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006587 Boger reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012353 t test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种估算不同食性土壤线虫生物量的方法，其步骤：A、采集土壤样品、提取线虫、热杀死线虫、固定线虫、制片和进行形态学鉴定；B、在显微镜下按照检索依据将线虫划分到四个食性类群，即食细菌、食真菌、植食性和杂食捕食性，对每条线虫拍照并用相关测量软件测量最大体宽，该步骤中不对线虫体长进行测量，根据食性按最大体宽估算；C、根据不同食性类群的生物量计算公式分别计算线虫的生物量大小。方法是根据不同食性线虫体长和最大体宽的线性相关关系，对传统估算方法进行的优化和改进，只需测量线虫最大体宽，简便易行，操作简单，具有极高的准确度，提高了线虫生物量估算的效率。
The invention discloses a method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits. The steps are as follows: A. collecting soil samples, extracting nematodes, heat-killing nematodes, fixing nematodes, filming and performing morphological identification; B. under a microscope, according to the following steps: The retrieval basis divides the nematodes into four feeding groups, namely bacteria-eating, fungi-eating, herbivorous, and omnivorous-predation. Each nematode is photographed and the maximum body width is measured with the relevant measurement software. In this step, the body length of the nematodes is not measured. Estimated according to the maximum body width; C. Calculate the biomass of nematodes according to the biomass calculation formulas of different feeding groups. The method is based on the linear correlation between the body length and the maximum body width of different feeding nematodes, and optimizes and improves the traditional estimation method. It only needs to measure the maximum body width of the nematodes. Efficiency of nematode biomass estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of scientific research on soil nematodes, in particular to a method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits, which is suitable for measuring and calculating the biomass of the soil nematodes.
Background
Soil nematodes are the most abundant species in multicellular organisms and are widely distributed throughout various ecosystems around the world. Soil nematodes play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle process of the ecosystem, play a great role in responding to environmental changes in the aspect of being used as ecological indicators, have wide feeding habits which occupy key links of food nets, and are of great interest in the research fields of biogeochemical cycle, ecological indicators, food net nutritional level relationships and the like (Bogers and Ferris, 1999; Nneher, 2010). The soil nematode feeding composition and the biomass thereof are the most important indexes (Ferris,2010) for determining the contribution amount thereof in the biogeochemical cycle process, and the traditional estimation of nematode biomass (W) must be calculated by measuring the nematode body length (L) and the maximum body width (D), and the calculation formula is W ═ L × D2)/(1.6×106). However, because the body of the nematode is slender, the nematode often presents diversified body types after the specimen is subjected to heat killing and fixing, which greatly increases the body length measurement of the nematodeAnd (4) workload. Compared with the measurement of the length of the nematode body, the measurement of the maximum body width is very simple and quick. Therefore, the nematode biomass estimation method needs to be improved so as to improve the working efficiency of nematode biomass analysis and estimation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for estimating the biomass of nematodes in different feeding soil. The method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, the body length (measuring time consumption) is estimated by utilizing the maximum body width (measuring is simple and convenient) according to the extremely obvious linear correlation relationship between the body length and the maximum body width of the nematode, and then the nematode biomass estimation formula is simplified into a simpler and easier-to-measure variable from two variables, so that the nematode biomass estimation efficiency is improved, and a more convenient and effective estimation method is provided for the soil nematode biomass correlation research.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
actually measuring to obtain the body length and the maximum body width data of soil nematodes of different ecosystems, classifying the nematodes according to four feeding groups (bacteria-feeding, fungus-feeding, phytophagy and omnivorous predatory), and respectively carrying out statistical analysis on the correlation between the body length and the maximum body width of each feeding group, wherein the result shows that the body length and the maximum body width of each feeding group have extremely obvious correlation, then providing a fitting equation of the body length and the body width of each feeding nematode on the basis of the correlation, further replacing the body length with the body width in an estimation formula of the nematode biomass, and respectively providing a biomass estimation formula aiming at each feeding nematode by taking the maximum body width as a unique measurement index.
A method for estimating the biomass of nematodes in soil with different feeding habits comprises the following steps:
A. collecting a soil sample, extracting nematodes, killing the nematodes by heat, fixing the nematodes, making a sheet and performing morphological identification;
B. under the microscope, nematodes were classified into four food groups according to a certain search criterion, namely, ready-to-eat bacteria (Ba), food fungi (Fu), herbivory (He) and omnivory predation (OmPr), and each nematode was photographed and measured for maximum body width (D, unit: μm) using the relevant measurement software. Compared with the technical requirement of simultaneously measuring the body length and the maximum body width in the traditional nematode biomass measurement technology, the method does not need to measure the body length of the nematode in the step. The nematode body length measurement consumes more time than the nematode maximum body width measurement, so that the consumed time of nematode body type measurement is greatly improved, the average analysis time of a single sample can be saved by more than 60 minutes according to the average number of nematode samples and the average complexity of nematode body types, and the time efficiency of measurement is greatly improved;
C. the biomass size (W, unit: ug) of the nematodes was calculated according to the biomass calculation formulas for the different feeding groups, respectively. The calculation formula of the biomass of each feeding nematode is as follows:
bacteriophagic nematode biomass WBa＝(19.192×DBa 3)/(1.6×106)
Fungal-feeding nematode biomass WFu＝(23.403×DFu 3)/(1.6×106)
Phytophagous nematode biomass WHe＝(24.260×DHe 3)/(1.6×106)
Biomass W of predatory nematodesOmPr＝(22.352×DOmPr 3)/(1.6×106)
The formula only comprises one measurement index of the maximum body width of the nematode, and compared with the existing formula which comprises two measurement indexes of the body length and the maximum body width of the nematode, the formula is simplified, and the time efficiency of the biological quantity measurement of the nematode is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
according to the linear correlation relationship between the body length and the maximum body width of the soil nematodes, the traditional estimation method is optimized and improved, only the maximum body width of the nematodes needs to be measured, the method is simple and easy to implement, the operation is simple, the accuracy is high, the efficiency of nematode biomass estimation is improved, the nematode biomass estimation formula is simplified from two measurement indexes into one index, and the measurement indexes are simpler and easier to measure. As a certain relation exists between the nematode feeding groups and the biomass, corresponding biomass estimation formulas are respectively provided for different feeding groups so as to ensure the accuracy of measurement and calculation of the nematode biomass.
Therefore, the efficiency of nematode biomass measurement can be obviously improved under the condition of ensuring the measurement and calculation accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the body length and maximum body width of nematodes belonging to different feeding groups.
In the figure, a, b, c and d respectively show that the body lengths and the maximum body widths of the bacteria-eating nematode, the fungus-eating nematode, the phytophagous nematode and the omnivorous predatory nematode have extremely remarkable linear correlation, and the body lengths (y) of the bacteria-eating nematode, the fungus-eating nematode, the phytophagous nematode and the omnivorous predatory nematode can be fitted by the maximum body widths (x), and the fitting equations are respectively that y is 19.192x, y is 23.403x, y is 24.260x and y is 22.352 x.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the difference of the measurement results of biomass of different feeding nematodes in the present invention and the prior art.
The method and the prior art are utilized to respectively measure and calculate the biomass of the four feeding nematodes, and the result shows that the result of the method and the result of the prior art are not obviously different, which shows that the method can ensure the measurement and calculation precision.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the time consumption of nematode biomass in analyzing different land use patterns according to the present invention and the prior art.
The figure comprises 4 land utilization modes, namely artificial pasture, farmland, secondary forest and natural shrub, and shows that the time consumption of the method is obviously different from that of the prior art when the nematode biomass measurement is carried out, and compared with the prior art, the method can save 45, 102, 83 and 60 minutes for analyzing the nematode biomass of each sample of the artificial pasture, the farmland, the secondary forest and the natural shrub respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures: a schematic diagram of the implementation of the principles of the present invention is shown in fig. 1.
Example 1:
a method for estimating the biomass of nematodes in soil with different feeding habits comprises the following steps:
1) collecting 500g of soil sample by using a random sampling method by using an auger, extracting nematodes by using a Berman funnel method (Barker,1985), placing the nematode sample in a water bath kettle at about 60 ℃ for about 3 minutes to kill the nematodes, standing, cooling to room temperature, adding 8% formalin, shaking uniformly, centrifugally concentrating the nematode sample, taking a drop of concentrated solution, placing the concentrated solution on a glass slide, and covering the glass slide with a cover glass to perform flaking.
2) The nematode is identified under a Nikon DIC differential interference microscope ECLIPSE80i, the nematode is identified to be feeding according to certain retrieval basis according to actual needs or is identified to be family/genus/species and then is divided into different feeding groups, then each nematode is photographed, and the maximum body width (D, unit: mum), the photographing system is Nikon DS-U3/L3-Vi1/Fi1/Fi 2. The measurement software is iWorks.
3) And (3) selecting a biomass calculation formula corresponding to the feeding group of each nematode according to the measured maximum body width (D) of each nematode, and calculating the biomass size (W) of each nematode. The calculation formula of the biomass of each feeding nematode is as follows:
bacteriophagic nematode biomass WBa＝(19.192×DBa 3)/(1.6×106)
Fungal-feeding nematode biomass WFu＝(23.403×DFu 3)/(1.6×106)
Phytophagous nematode biomass WHe＝(24.260×DHe 3)/(1.6×106)
Biomass W of predatory nematodesOmPr＝(22.352×DOmPr 3)/(1.6×106)
Said DBa 3、DFu 3、DHe 3、DOmPr 3The biomass of the nematode can be estimated by measuring the maximum body width of the nematode, so that the efficiency of estimating the biomass of the nematode is greatly improved.
Example 2:
a method for estimating the biomass of nematodes in different feeding soil (taking the comparison of the time consumption of the biomass measurement of nematodes in different land utilization modes as an example) comprises the following steps:
1) respectively collecting 1kg of soil samples in 16 sample prescriptions in total in four land utilization modes (artificial pasture, farmland, secondary forest and natural shrub) by using a random sampling method by using a soil drill with an inner diameter of 5 cm; extracting nematodes by Bellman funnel method (Barker, 1985); placing the extracted nematode sample in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for 3 minutes to kill the nematodes, standing and cooling to room temperature, adding 8% formalin, and shaking uniformly; the sample is placed for more than 48 hours, the nematode sample is concentrated by a centrifuge, a drop of the concentrated solution is placed on a glass slide and the slide is covered by a cover glass for flaking.
2) Morphologically identifying the nematodes under a Nikon differential interference microscope ECLIPSE80i, identifying the nematodes as genus (genus) and dividing the nematodes into four food groups (bacteria, fungi, phytophagy and omnivory predatism); meanwhile, the first 150 nematodes encountered in the identification are photographed by using a Nikon DS-U3/L3-Vi1/Fi1/Fi2 photographing system (samples with the number of nematodes being less than 150 are photographed, all the nematodes are photographed), and the maximum body width (D, unit: mum) and the body length (L, unit: mum) of the nematodes are measured and recorded by using image analysis and measurement software iWorks; the time (unit: s) spent in making the maximum body width and length measurements was recorded simultaneously.
3) A prior art method (Andrassy, 1956; ferris,2010), calculating the biomass size (W) of each nematode based on the measured maximum body width (D) and body length (L), the biomass calculation formula being W ═ (L × D)2)/(1.6×106)。
According to the method, the biomass calculation formula corresponding to the feeding group where each nematode is located is selected according to the measured maximum body width (D) of each nematode, and the biomass size (W) is calculated. The calculation formula of the biomass of each feeding nematode is as follows:
bacteriophagic nematode biomass WBa＝(19.192×DBa 3)/(1.6×106)
Fungal-feeding nematode biomass WFu＝(23.403×DFu 3)/(1.6×106)
Phytophagous nematode biomass WHe＝(24.260×DHe 3)/(1.6×106)
Biomass W of predatory nematodesOmPr＝(22.352×DOmPr 3)/(1.6×106)
Wherein DBa、DFu、DHeAnd DOmPrThe maximum body widths of the bacteria-eating nematode, the fungi-eating nematode, the plant-eating nematode and the omnivorous predatory nematode respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the method has no obvious difference in the biomass measurement results of the four feeding nematodes (figure 2), and the method can ensure the measurement accuracy.
And simultaneously calculating the time consumed for measuring the maximum body width and the body length of each sample, taking the time for measuring the maximum body width as the time consumption of the invention, taking the sum of the time for measuring the maximum body width and the body length as the time consumption of the prior art, sampling the t-test statistical method respectively aiming at each land use mode, and comparing the time consumption of the invention with the time consumption of the prior art. Results show that compared with the prior art, the method can respectively save 45 minutes, 102 minutes, 83 minutes and 60 minutes for analyzing the nematode biomass of each sample of the artificial pasture, the farmland, the secondary forest and the natural shrub, and the measurement and calculation time of the nematode biomass of the soil under different land utilization modes can be saved by 20 hours as a whole (calculated according to 8 hours of work each day, the experiment saves 2.5 working days in total).
Claims (1)
1. A method for estimating the biomass of nematodes in soil with different feeding habits comprises the following steps:
A. collecting a soil sample, extracting nematodes, killing the nematodes by heat, fixing the nematodes, making a sheet and performing morphological identification;
B. under a microscope, the nematodes are divided into four feeding groups according to retrieval basis, namely ready-to-eat bacteria, edible fungi, herbivory and omnivory predatism, each nematode is photographed and the maximum body width is measured by using related measurement software, the body length of the nematode is not measured in the step, and the nematode is estimated according to the maximum body width according to the feeding quality;
C. respectively calculating the biomass of the nematodes according to biomass calculation formulas of different feeding groups, wherein the biomass calculation formula of each feeding nematode is as follows:
bacteriophagic nematode biomassW Ba=(19.192×D Ba 3)/(1.6×106)；
Fungal nematode biomassW Fu=(23.403×D Fu 3)/(1.6×106)；
Phytophagous nematode biomassW He=(24.260×D He 3)/(1.6×106)；
Biomass of omnivorous predatory nematodesW OmPr=(22.352×D OmPr 3)/(1.6×106)；
The above-mentionedD Ba 3Is the third power of the maximum body width of the bacteroidal nematode;
D Fu 3is the third power of the maximum body width of the fungus-eating nematode;
D He 3is the third power of the maximum body width of the phytophagous nematode;
D OmPr 3is the third power of the maximum body width of the omnivorous predatory nematodes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910158095.2A CN109799326B (en) | 2019-03-03 | 2019-03-03 | A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910158095.2A CN109799326B (en) | 2019-03-03 | 2019-03-03 | A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109799326A CN109799326A (en) | 2019-05-24 |
| CN109799326B true CN109799326B (en) | 2021-12-14 |
Family
ID=66561479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910158095.2A Expired - Fee Related CN109799326B (en) | 2019-03-03 | 2019-03-03 | A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109799326B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113740512B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-11-14 | 宁波大学 | Green ecological buoy field domestication method for farmland soil animal active biological sensor |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1869235A (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2006-11-29 | 托马斯·施穆林 | Methods to alter plant morphology, biochemistry and physiology |
| CN103182393A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-03 | 天津师范大学 | Method for regulating and controlling festuca arundinacea lawn soil nematode community structure by adopting complexant |
| CN103387945A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Extraction method of Tobacco whitefly endosymbiont mycetocytes |
| CN103688908A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-02 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Enrichment culture method for aphelenchoidessp. |
| CN103941752A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-23 | 北京大学 | Nematode real-time automatic tracking imaging system |
| BRPI0814239A2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2015-04-14 | Ovita Ltd | Sheep Identification Method |
| CN106191273A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One authentication method growing tobacco middle root-knot nematode |
-
2019
- 2019-03-03 CN CN201910158095.2A patent/CN109799326B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1869235A (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2006-11-29 | 托马斯·施穆林 | Methods to alter plant morphology, biochemistry and physiology |
| BRPI0814239A2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2015-04-14 | Ovita Ltd | Sheep Identification Method |
| CN103387945A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Extraction method of Tobacco whitefly endosymbiont mycetocytes |
| CN103182393A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-03 | 天津师范大学 | Method for regulating and controlling festuca arundinacea lawn soil nematode community structure by adopting complexant |
| CN103688908A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-02 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Enrichment culture method for aphelenchoidessp. |
| CN103941752A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-23 | 北京大学 | Nematode real-time automatic tracking imaging system |
| CN106191273A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One authentication method growing tobacco middle root-knot nematode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 基于土壤线虫群落分析的油页岩废渣地不同植被类型恢复过程中的土壤食物网能流状况;王祖艳 等;《生态学报》;20171231;第 37 卷(第17期);第5612页-5620页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109799326A (en) | 2019-05-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Marsh et al. | Optimising bait for pitfall trapping of Amazonian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) | |
| Isely et al. | Age and growth | |
| Hódar | The use of regresion equations for the estimation of prey length and biomass in diet studies of insectivore vertebrates | |
| Quist et al. | Growth and mortality of prairie stream fishes: relations with fish community and instream habitat characteristics | |
| Williamson et al. | Population dynamics of the landsnail Cepaea nemoralis L.: a six-year study | |
| Havstad et al. | The microhistological technique: testing two central assumptions in south-central New Mexico | |
| Lopes-Lima et al. | Setting the stage for new ecological indicator species: A holistic case study on the Iberian dolphin freshwater mussel Unio delphinus Spengler, 1793 | |
| CN109799326B (en) | A method for estimating the biomass of soil nematodes with different feeding habits | |
| Zhou et al. | Analyzing nitrogen effects on rice panicle development by panicle detection and time-series tracking | |
| Chen et al. | The impact of natural mortality variations on the performance of management procedures for Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) in the Yellow Sea, China | |
| CN105528651A (en) | Growth prediction method for deepwater net cage cultured fish on the basis of data mining technology | |
| Maack et al. | Contributions to the reproductive biology of Encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938 (Engraulidae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia | |
| Fink | A comparison of mayfly (Ephemeroptera) instar determination methods | |
| Möbes‐Hansen et al. | The influence of hydraulic stress on microdistribution patterns of zoobenthos in a sandstone brook (Weidlingbach, Lower Austria) | |
| Zhu et al. | Length–weight relationships of six fish species from the Z engqu R iver and the O uqu R iver, southwest C hina | |
| Root et al. | Lichen habitat may be enhanced by thinning treatments in young Tsuga heterophylla-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests | |
| Bien et al. | Sizing up spotted lanternfly nymphs for instar determination and growth allometry | |
| Chı́charo et al. | Effects of environmental conditions on planktonic abundances, benthic recruitment and growth rates of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes decussatus in a Portuguese coastal lagoon | |
| CN110111029B (en) | A morphological method for identifying red deer, roe deer and sika deer hair | |
| CN113528676A (en) | Method for identifying physiological sex of fish in early development stage by using 5SrRNA | |
| CN107316145A (en) | A kind of aquatic bird investigates address choice method | |
| Genkai-Kato et al. | Length-weight relationships of four predatory stonefly species in Japan | |
| Marziali et al. | Chironomid species as indicators of freshwater habitat quality | |
| Porta et al. | Validation of annulus formation in White Perch otoliths, including characteristics of an invasive population | |
| Chen et al. | Length‐weight relationships of three species in northern China |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20211214 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |