[go: up one dir, main page]

CN109773253A - end mill - Google Patents

end mill Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109773253A
CN109773253A CN201910196173.8A CN201910196173A CN109773253A CN 109773253 A CN109773253 A CN 109773253A CN 201910196173 A CN201910196173 A CN 201910196173A CN 109773253 A CN109773253 A CN 109773253A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
plane
workpiece
ing
cutting edge
end mill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910196173.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
江炳宏
苏业健
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Evenwin Precision Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Evenwin Precision Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Evenwin Precision Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Evenwin Precision Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201910196173.8A priority Critical patent/CN109773253A/en
Publication of CN109773253A publication Critical patent/CN109773253A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an end mill. The end milling cutter comprises a cutter handle and a cutting edge, wherein the cutting edge is connected with the cutter handle, one end of the cutting edge, far away from the cutter handle, is provided with a cutting edge, the cutting edge comprises a first plane, a second plane and a third plane, the first plane is arranged opposite to the surface of a workpiece, the distance from the third plane to the workpiece is smaller than the distance from the first plane to the workpiece, and the second plane is connected with one end of the first plane and one end of the third plane, so that an included angle formed between the second plane and the surface of the workpiece is-10 degrees to-20 degrees. In the end milling cutter, the second plane is additionally arranged between the first plane and the third plane so as to reduce the contact area between the cutting edge and the surface of the workpiece, and meanwhile, a component force is generated on the force exerted on the surface of the workpiece by the cutting edge, so that the cutting force is reduced, the direction of the stress on the surface of the workpiece is changed, the direction of the cutting force is controlled, the extrusion deformation of the cutting edge on the surface of the workpiece is reduced, the deformation bulge of the surface of the workpiece is avoided, and the flatness of the surface of the workpiece is ensured to meet the processing requirements.

Description

End mill(ing) cutter
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical fields of mechanical processing, more particularly to end mill(ing) cutter.
Background technique
Cutting is a kind of machining process using milling cutter as tool sharpening body surface, end mill(ing) cutter as cutter one Kind, it is sharp to have the characteristics that converted products is cut, is widely used in machining.
However, traditional end mill(ing) cutter in the processing of thin-wall product, since the cutting of end mill(ing) cutter converted products is sharp, is applied to When thin-wall workpiece, blade, which acts on the shear-deformable of thin-wall workpiece generation, generally can make the surface of thin-wall workpiece upwardly-deformed, from And the flatness of thin-wall workpiece is influenced, thin-wall workpiece higher for some planarity requirements, such end mill(ing) cutter much reaches not To processing request, raw material are not only wasted, also affect production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of end mill(ing) cutter for guaranteeing thin-wall product flatness.
A kind of cutter, comprising:
Knife handle;And
Blade, the blade are connect with the knife handle, and the blade is equipped with cutting edge, the sword far from one end of the knife handle It mouthful include the first plane, the second plane and third plane, the surface of first plane and workpiece is oppositely arranged, and the third is flat The distance of face to the workpiece is less than first plane to the distance of the workpiece, and the second plane connection described first is flat The one end in the one end in face and the third face, so that the angle between second plane and the surface of the workpiece is in -10 degree To -20 degree.
In above-mentioned end mill(ing) cutter, by adding the second plane between the first plane and third plane, to reduce cutting edge and work The contact area on part surface, while it being applied to one component of generation in the power on workpiece surface in cutting edge, the small of cutting force is reduced, So that the direction of institute's stress changes on workpiece surface, the direction of cutting force is controlled, is caused with reducing cutting edge to workpiece surface Extrusion deformation, avoid workpiece surface from deforming protrusion, guarantee that the flatness of workpiece surface meets processing request.
The quantity at least two of the cutting edge in one of the embodiments, two cutting edge interval settings.Increase The sectional area rate for improving chip can be improved in the quantity of cutting edge, improves the rigidity of end mill(ing) cutter.
The quantity of the cutting edge is two in one of the embodiments, and two cutting edges are along the center of the blade Axial symmetry setting.The cutting edge of symmetric design is avoided that in discontinuity on workpiece, workpiece surface occurs for the double side acting of blade The phenomenon that processing out-of-flatness.
The angle between first plane and the surface of the workpiece is 1 degree to 2 degree in one of the embodiments,. For intensity and the lower thin-wall workpiece of hardness, so set, the contact area of knife face and workpiece can be made to increase, reduces or disappear Except vibration, the stability of processing is promoted.
The cutting edge further includes fourth plane in one of the embodiments, the fourth plane and first plane Upper one end far from second plane connects, and tilts towards the side far from the workpiece.It is arranged to after inclination the 4th Angle can be formed between plane and the first plane, while can also form angle with the surface of workpiece, and setting angle can energy nose angle Increase, improves the intensity of point of a knife.
The angle between the fourth plane and the surface of the workpiece is 28 degree to 32 in one of the embodiments, Degree.This angle is front clearance, and front clearance setting is arrived within the scope of this, can be on the basis for guaranteeing front clearance role On, and it is avoided that front clearance and workpiece excessive friction, durability is reduced.
The side wall of the blade is helical form in one of the embodiments,.Spiral helicine blade is continuous cutting, can The vibration for effectively avoiding interrupted cut processing method from generating.
The helix angle of the blade is 30 degree to 45 degree in one of the embodiments,.The degree of helix angle is set It sets within the scope of this, can prevent axial thrust load from lifting thin-wall workpiece to avoid the axial thrust load for generating biggish cutting resistance.
One end in second plane far from the knife handle axis offers chip pocket in one of the embodiments, The shape of the chip pocket is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped side of the chip pocket extends to point of a knife.Circular arc is arranged at point of a knife to be increased Intensity at point of a knife improves radiating condition.
In one of the embodiments, the third plane include first while and when second, first side and described the The connection on one side of two planes, second side are connect with the arc-shaped side of the chip pocket, and second side is arc-shaped.Arc-shaped The connection of the arc-shaped side of second side and chip pocket, can further promote the intensity of blade side wall.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the end mill(ing) cutter machining state schematic diagram of an embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of end mill(ing) cutter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram in end mill(ing) cutter shown in Fig. 2 at A;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of negative rake in end mill(ing) cutter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of anterior angle in end mill(ing) cutter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of negative relief angle in end mill(ing) cutter shown in Fig. 1.
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows:
10, end mill(ing) cutter;11, workpiece;100, knife handle;200, blade;210, cutting edge;211, the first plane;212, second is flat Face;213, third plane;214, fourth plane;2121, chip pocket;2131, the first side;2132, the second side.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the invention is given in the following sections with reference to the relevant attached drawings.In attached drawing Give better embodiment of the invention.But the invention can be realized in many different forms, however it is not limited to herein Described embodiment.On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is that making to understand more the disclosure Add thorough and comprehensive.
It should be noted that it can directly on the other element when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element Or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it, which can be, is directly connected to To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " horizontal ", " left side ", " right side " and similar statement for illustrative purposes only, are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term " and or " used herein includes one or more Any and all combinations of relevant listed item.
Referring to Fig. 1, the end mill(ing) cutter 10 of an embodiment is mainly used for step, groove, shaping surface and the cutting of workpiece 11 Etc. process, for example workpiece 11 can be mobile phone center, to ensure that the flatness of mobile phone center meets the requirements after processing, and avoids The assembly of internal electric source accessory is influenced after mobile phone center deformation protrusion.
Wherein, referring also to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, end mill(ing) cutter 10 include knife handle 100 and blade 200.Blade 200 and knife handle 100 connect It connects, blade 200 is equipped with cutting edge 210 far from one end of knife handle 100.Cutting edge 210 includes the first plane 211, the second plane 212 and the Three planes 213.First plane 211 and the surface of workpiece 11 are oppositely arranged, and the second plane 212 connects one end of the first plane 211 And one end of third plane 213, the distance of third plane 213 to workpiece 11 are greater than the distance that the first plane 211 arrives workpiece 11, make The second plane 212 that must be connected between the first plane 211 and third plane 213 is obliquely installed, so that the second plane 212 and water The angle of plane is in -10 degree to -20 degree.Referring also to Fig. 4 was central horizontal line and the angle that the second plane 212 is formed A that is to say negative rake.Meanwhile when end mill(ing) cutter 10 cuts workpiece 11, the surface of the second plane 212 and workpiece 11 it Between angle be also in -10 degree to -20 degree.It should be noted that when the angle between anterior angle and cutting plane is less than 90 degree, anterior angle For positive number, when less than 90 degree, anterior angle is negative.The primary relief surface of end mill(ing) cutter 10 is the table opposite with transitional surface on workpiece 11 Face that is to say the first plane 211.The surface that chip is flowed through when the preceding edged surface of end mill(ing) cutter 10 is 10 cutting workpiece 11 of end mill(ing) cutter, It is third plane 213.By adding second between the first plane 211 i.e. primary relief surface and the i.e. preceding edged surface of third plane 213 Plane 212 is negative rake face, is changed with the cutting force direction to end mill(ing) cutter, guarantees the flatness after workpiece 11 is processed in mesh Within the scope of mark.
In above-mentioned end mill(ing) cutter 10, by adding the second plane 212 between the first plane 211 and third plane 213, to subtract The contact area of small cutting edge 210 and 11 surface of workpiece, while the second plane 212 can be applied on 11 surface of workpiece in cutting edge 210 Power on generate a component, reduce perpendicular to workpiece surface cutting force size, also make institute's stress on 11 surface of workpiece Direction change, and then control cutting force direction, to reduce the extrusion deformation caused by 11 surface of workpiece of cutting edge 210, It avoids 11 surface of workpiece from deforming protrusion, guarantees that the flatness on 11 surface of workpiece meets processing request.
It should be noted that when end mill(ing) cutter 10 processes workpiece 11, can simultaneously to the surface of workpiece 11 and side into Row cutting guarantees that the flatness of 11 surface of workpiece and side reaches best processing request.
In one embodiment, the shape of knife handle 100 is cylinder, and knife handle 100 is connect with lathe, and lathe provides driving force Knife handle 100 is driven to rotate, to drive blade 200 to rotate, to process to workpiece 11.Blade 200 can by one at The mode of type or the mode of welding are connected to one end of knife handle 100.The side wall of blade 200 is in the shape of a spiral and along knife handle 100 Axis extends, and cutting edge 210 is provided with the end of helical form blade 200.
Referring to Fig. 3, in one embodiment, one end in the second plane 212 far from 100 axis of knife handle offers chip pocket 2121, to accommodate the chip generated in process.The shape of chip pocket 2121 is arc-shaped and extends at point of a knife, sets at point of a knife Intensity at point of a knife can be increased by setting circular arc, improve radiating condition.
In one embodiment, the quantity at least two of cutting edge 210, two interval of cutting edge 210 settings.Cutting edge 210 Quantity increases, and the sectional area rate of chip can be improved, to be conducive to rigid raising that end mill(ing) cutter 10 to be avoided to bend.
In one embodiment, two are set by the quantity of cutting edge 210, and two cutting edges 210 are with the center of blade 200 Axial symmetry setting.10 chip pocket 2121 of end mill(ing) cutter of two cutting edges 210 is larger, is conducive to the chip for avoiding generating when cutting and occurs Obstruction.Obstruction meeting occurs for chip so that the cutting moment of torque increases, in some instances it may even be possible to which fracture end mill(ing) cutter 10.And symmetrical cutting edge 210 can be with So that the two sides energy stepless action of blade 200 avoids two sides stress not on 11 surface of workpiece when processing to 11 surface of workpiece Uniformly, there is a phenomenon where out-of-flatnesses after the processing of 11 surface of workpiece.
In one embodiment, the angle between the first plane 211 and the surface of workpiece 11 is 1 degree to 2 degree, after being main The angular dimension at angle.Primary clearance, which is arranged, can reduce friction between blade 200 and workpiece 11, avoid influencing finished work 11 The quality on surface and the service life of end mill(ing) cutter 10.Further, it is 1.2 degree that primary clearance, which can be specifically set, when primary clearance increases, The intensity of blade 200 can decline, and thermal diffusivity can weaken, and influence the processing of workpiece 11.Meanwhile intensity this for mobile phone center and The lower workpiece 11 of hardness, primary clearance are arranged to lesser 1.2 degree, and the contact area of knife face and workpiece 11 can be made to increase, Vibration is reduced or eliminated, the stability of processing is promoted.
Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, third plane 213 includes first at 2131 and second 2132.First side 2131 and second plane 212 connection on one side, the first side 2131 be straight flange.Second side 2132 and the arc-shaped side of chip pocket 2121 connect It connects, the second side 2132 is arc-shaped.The arc-shaped side of second side 2132 and chip pocket 2121 is as cutting edge 210 and 200 side wall of blade Side is connected, the second arc-shaped side 2132 is connect with the arc-shaped side of chip pocket 2121 can further promote 200 side wall of blade Intensity, thus promoted end mill(ing) cutter 10 process when stability.
Referring to Fig. 5, it should be noted that anterior angle is the angle in orthogonal plane between preceding edged surface and basal plane, in this implementation In, the angle of the center vertical line and third plane 213 of crossing blade 200 is 5 degree, is to cross center vertical line in Fig. 5 to put down with third The angle b that face 213 is formed that is to say that the degree of anterior angle is 5 degree.Anterior angle is set as 5 degree can be to avoid biggish shear action power Workpiece 11 is caused to be squeezed and deformed, so that the thickness of chip is bigger than the thickness of cutting, cutting deformation occurs for workpiece 11.
Referring to Fig. 6, in one embodiment, cutting edge 210 further includes fourth plane 214.Fourth plane 214 and the first plane One end on 211 far from the second plane 212 connects, and tilts towards the side far from workpiece 11.It should be noted that end mill(ing) cutter 10 Front clearance face be the surface opposite with machined surface on workpiece 11, that is to say fourth plane 214.Front clearance is fourth plane 214 and cutting plane that is to say the angle between the surface of workpiece 11, i.e., central horizontal line and fourth plane are crossed shown in Fig. 6 The 214 angle c formed.Front clearance is 28 degree to 32 degree, and setting front clearance can make the surface for reducing workpiece 11 when processing thick Rugosity, while increase nose angle, the intensity of point of a knife improves, and improves cutting wear.Further, the degree of front clearance can To be set as 30 degree, on the basis of guaranteeing front clearance role, can it is excessive to avoid front clearance face and caused by with work 11 excessive friction of part, reduces durability, and causes to vibrate, thus the case where influencing processing.
In one embodiment, the helix angle of end mill(ing) cutter 10 is 30 degree to 45 degree.The cutter of not set helix angle is Interrupted cut, interrupted cut are easy to shake in processing.When being provided with helix angle, can be produced in the side wall of blade 200 Power estranged, so that the radial cutting resistance of end mill(ing) cutter 10 is small, so as to which biggish radial bite and biggish feeding is arranged Speed promotes the efficiency of work.Further, the degree of helix angle can be set to 35 degree, so set, can be to avoid production The axial thrust load of raw biggish cutting resistance, excessive axial thrust load have the tendency that lifting workpiece 11 from table surface, When processed thin wall work-piece 11, such as mobile phone center, it is easy to cause to vibrate.
In one embodiment, coating is additionally provided on blade 200.TiAlN, the thickness of coating can be selected in the material of coating Degree can be set to 3um or so.Coating can be improved the hardness of 200 superficial layer of blade, reduces and wears caused by cutting, can be with Prevent and be cut workpiece 11 occur it is molten and, and reduce and be cut the frictional heating of workpiece 11.In other embodiments, it applies The material of layer is also an option that as materials such as aluminium nitride or titanium carbonitrides.
In one embodiment, the revolving speed of blade 200 is 12000 revs/min to 14000 revs/min.Specifically, revolving speed It is 13000 revs/min.
In one embodiment, the feed speed of blade 200 is 3500 mm/mins to 4500 mm/mins.Specifically Ground, the feed speed of blade 200 are 4000 mm/mins.
Each technical characteristic of above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-described embodiment In each technical characteristic it is all possible combination be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics be not present lance Shield all should be considered as described in this specification.
Only several embodiments of the present invention are expressed for above embodiments, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not Therefore it is construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, various modifications and improvements can be made, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of end mill(ing) cutter characterized by comprising
Knife handle;And
Blade, the blade are connect with the knife handle, and the blade is equipped with cutting edge, the cutting edge packet far from one end of the knife handle Include the first plane, the second plane and third plane, the surface of first plane and workpiece is oppositely arranged, and the third plane arrives The distance of the workpiece is less than first plane to the distance of the workpiece, and second plane connects first plane One end and one end of the third plane so that angle between second plane and the surface of the workpiece in -10 degree to - 20 degree.
2. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity at least two of the cutting edge, described in two The setting of cutting edge interval.
3. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the cutting edge is two, two cutting edges Along the setting substantially symmetrical about its central axis of the blade.
4. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that between first plane and the surface of the workpiece Angle is 1 degree to 2 degree.
5. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutting edge further includes fourth plane, described Siping City Face is connect with one end in first plane far from second plane, and is tilted towards the side far from the workpiece.
6. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 5, which is characterized in that between the fourth plane and the surface of the workpiece Angle is 28 degree to 32 degree.
7. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side wall of the blade is helical form.
8. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the helix angle of the blade is 30 degree to 45 degree.
9. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the one of the separate knife handle axis in second plane End offers chip pocket, and the shape of the chip pocket is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped side of the chip pocket extends to point of a knife.
10. end mill(ing) cutter according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the third plane include first while and when second, institute The connection on one side on the first side Yu second plane is stated, second side is connect with the arc-shaped side of the chip pocket, and described second Side is arc-shaped.
CN201910196173.8A 2019-03-15 2019-03-15 end mill Pending CN109773253A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910196173.8A CN109773253A (en) 2019-03-15 2019-03-15 end mill

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910196173.8A CN109773253A (en) 2019-03-15 2019-03-15 end mill

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109773253A true CN109773253A (en) 2019-05-21

Family

ID=66489524

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910196173.8A Pending CN109773253A (en) 2019-03-15 2019-03-15 end mill

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109773253A (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955259A (en) * 1974-05-24 1976-05-11 Sesco Tools Ab Reversible cutting insert for use in a rotary cutting tool
JPS6386923U (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-06
CN1119421A (en) * 1993-03-17 1996-03-27 桑德维克公司 Face milling cutter
JP2012171028A (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-09-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Square end mill
CN206869201U (en) * 2017-06-17 2018-01-12 浙江神钢赛欧科技有限公司 Six sword plain cutters of Multi-axis simultaneous machining center
CN108290232A (en) * 2015-11-23 2018-07-17 伊斯卡有限公司 The hard alloy knuckle radius end mill(ing) cutter in preceding rib portion and helicla flute design with continuous bend

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955259A (en) * 1974-05-24 1976-05-11 Sesco Tools Ab Reversible cutting insert for use in a rotary cutting tool
JPS6386923U (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-06
CN1119421A (en) * 1993-03-17 1996-03-27 桑德维克公司 Face milling cutter
JP2012171028A (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-09-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Square end mill
CN108290232A (en) * 2015-11-23 2018-07-17 伊斯卡有限公司 The hard alloy knuckle radius end mill(ing) cutter in preceding rib portion and helicla flute design with continuous bend
CN206869201U (en) * 2017-06-17 2018-01-12 浙江神钢赛欧科技有限公司 Six sword plain cutters of Multi-axis simultaneous machining center

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107984010B (en) A kind of corner-rounding end milling cutter
US11400524B2 (en) Drill and method of producing drilled product
CN109304507B (en) PCD milling cutter for processing carbon fiber composite material
JP2019181615A (en) Drill
JPWO2016084877A1 (en) End mill and method of manufacturing cut product
CN204565247U (en) Runner of blisk efficient Flank machining integral annular milling cutter
CN110539005B (en) Workpiece cutting method for obtaining high-integrity surface
CN104043863A (en) Special cutter for dual-relief-angle internal-cooling-type shockproof siding milling
JPS59175915A (en) End mill
CN214291039U (en) Special milling cutter of titanium alloy
JP7601452B2 (en) Ball End Mill
CN212042699U (en) Arc turning tool for processing optical mold
CN108581037A (en) A kind of multiple-cutting-edge non-natural intensification broaching tool
CN109773253A (en) end mill
CN113263212A (en) Fast-forward milling cutter blade
CN107414159A (en) A kind of slotting cutter of processing high-hardness material
CN217343747U (en) Large arc taper spherical milling cutter
CN203304591U (en) Cutter
CN110355389B (en) Cutter and method for reducing workpiece roughness under low-rotation-speed turning working condition
CN204975474U (en) Screw thread processing knife blade
CN208557323U (en) Indexable cutting inserts for stainless steel processing
CN108723453B (en) End milling cutter with wave-shaped edge
CN208450681U (en) Milling cutter for processing graphite workpiece
CN202539603U (en) Circular arc grooving tool capable of efficiently breaking chips for machining aluminum alloy
WO2021073023A1 (en) Core-diameter-variable and tooth-pitch-variable tapered four-edge milling cutter

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20190521

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication