CN109768245B - High-power-density negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method - Google Patents
High-power-density negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-power-density cathode material for a lithium ion battery, which comprises a soft carbon matrix and an amorphous conductive carbon coating layer uniformly coated on the soft carbon matrix, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: pre-oxidizing an amorphous carbon material, then putting the pre-oxidized amorphous carbon material into a carbonization furnace for heating and pre-carbonizing, then crushing and grading pre-carbonized soft carbon particles, then putting the pre-carbonized soft carbon particles into a rotary furnace for CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coating by using an organic carbon source gas to obtain a precursor, and finally carbonizing and screening the precursor to obtain a soft carbon finished product. The negative electrode material prepared by the method has the reversible capacity, the first coulombic efficiency and the rate capability which are obviously higher than those of the conventional negative electrode material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a lithium ion battery composite cathode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the shortage of global petroleum resources and the continuous deterioration of climate environment, the development of clean and energy-saving new energy automobiles is highly valued by countries in the world. The development of new energy automobiles is critical to power sources thereof. At present, the commercial lithium ion battery mainly adopts graphite cathode materials, but the power density is low, and the requirement of the future lithium ion battery on high power density cannot be met. Therefore, the development of a high-performance novel electrode material becomes a research focus, and the soft carbon negative electrode material has an irregular disordered layer structure, so that the fast charge and discharge performance, the cycle performance and the safety performance are excellent, but the soft carbon has low first-time efficiency and a high voltage platform, and the use amount of a positive electrode needs to be increased in the process of matching with the positive electrode material, so that the commercial application is difficult to meet. CN101916856A discloses a negative electrode material for lithium ion power and energy storage batteries and a preparation method thereof, wherein the negative electrode material is obtained by carbonizing asphalt added with a catalyst at 500-1300 ℃, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: and raising the temperature and the pressure, performing carbonization thermal polycondensation reaction, then washing, extracting, washing again, drying to obtain an intermediate phase pellet precursor, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain the negative electrode material for the lithium ion power and energy storage battery, but the initial effect is too low to limit the application of the negative electrode material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a novel high-power-density negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-power-density cathode material for the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a soft carbon matrix and an amorphous conductive carbon coating layer which is uniformly coated on the soft carbon matrix.
A preparation method of a high-power-density negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, pre-oxidizing an amorphous carbon material: pre-oxidizing the amorphous carbon material and hydrogen peroxide in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 70-100 ℃ for 2-10 h;
a2, pre-carbonizing an amorphous carbon material: placing the pre-oxidized amorphous carbon material obtained after the treatment in the step A1 into a carbonization furnace for heating and pre-carbonization, adopting atmosphere protection, heating up to 500-1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1-5h to obtain pre-carbonized soft carbon particles;
a3, crushing and grading: crushing the pre-carbonized soft carbon particles obtained in the step A2, and grading to D50Is 5-10 μm to obtain soft carbon particles;
a4, gas phase coating: carrying out CVD coating on the soft carbon particles obtained in the step A3 in a rotary furnace by using an organic carbon source gas under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the heating speed is 2-10 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the coating time is 2-8h to obtain a precursor;
a5, carbonizing, and sieving: carbonizing the precursor obtained in the step A4, and protecting the atmosphere, wherein the temperature rise speed is 2-10 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6 h; screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Preferably, in the step A1, the amorphous carbon material and hydrogen peroxide are pre-oxidized in a water bath stirring pot according to the mass ratio of 1:1-5:1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 5% -20%;
preferably, in step a1, the amorphous carbon material is graphitizable carbon with a temperature of 2500 ℃ or higher, and the amorphous carbon material is one or a combination of petroleum coke, needle coke, carbon fiber and non-graphitizable mesocarbon microbeads.
Preferably, in steps a2 and a5, the carbonization furnace can be a pushed slab kiln, a roller kiln or a rotary kiln;
preferably, the atmosphere protection is non-oxidizing atmosphere protection, and the gas adopted by the non-oxidizing atmosphere protection is any one or combination of more of nitrogen, helium, argon or hydrogen.
Preferably, in step A3, the pre-carbonized soft carbon particles obtained after the treatment in step a2 are crushed by a mechanical mill, an air flow mill or a ball mill;
preferably, in step a4, the organic carbon source gas selected in the vapor-phase carbon coating treatment process is hydrocarbon, and the organic carbon source gas is any one of methane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, or phenol, or a combination of at least two of them.
Preferably, in the step A4, the carbon source coating amount used for the gas phase coating is 3-15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention removes defects, improves the surface structure, forms a passivation layer, introduces nano holes and nano channels and is beneficial to improving the reversible gram capacity, the first effect and the rate capability of the soft carbon material through a pre-oxidation process.
(2) The amorphous carbon layer is uniformly coated on the surface of the soft carbon particles in a gas phase coating mode, so that the inactive sites on the surface of the soft carbon particles are improved, the interface is improved, a stable SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film is favorably formed, and the first coulombic efficiency is improved.
(3) The invention solves the problems of low initial efficiency, high voltage platform and increased usage amount of the anode in matching with the anode material when the soft carbon is directly used as the anode material for the lithium ion battery in the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the soft carbon composite anode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the soft carbon composite anode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a TEM image of a soft carbon composite anode material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Needle coke and hydrogen peroxide are pre-oxidized in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 5%, and the mass ratio of the needle coke to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1. And (3) putting the needle coke into a carbonization furnace, and keeping the temperature for 1h at the temperature of 500 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50Is 5 μm. And carrying out CVD coating on the obtained soft carbon particles in a rotary furnace by using methane, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 600 ℃, and the coating time is 2h, so as to obtain a precursor. And carbonizing the precursor under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature rise speed of 2 ℃/min, a carbonization temperature of 1000 ℃ and a carbonization time of 2 h. Sieving with sieving machine to obtain soft carbonThe product, namely the soft carbon composite anode material, is shown in an SEM image, an XRD image and a TEM image respectively in figures 1, 2 and 3.
Example 2
Pre-oxidizing petroleum coke and hydrogen peroxide in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 6 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10 percent, and the mass ratio of the petroleum coke to the hydrogen peroxide is 2: 1. Putting the petroleum coke into a carbonization furnace, protecting the petroleum coke in helium atmosphere, heating to 650 ℃ at the heating speed of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50And 6 μm. And carrying out CVD coating on the obtained soft carbon particles in a rotary furnace by using ethylene, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 700 ℃, and the coating time is 3h, so as to obtain the precursor. And carbonizing the precursor under the protection of helium atmosphere at the temperature rising speed of 4 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature of 1100 ℃ and the carbonizing time of 4 h. Screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Example 3
Pre-oxidizing carbon fibers and hydrogen peroxide in a water bath stirring pot at 90 ℃ for 8 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 15%, and the mass ratio of the carbon fibers to the hydrogen peroxide is 4: 1. Putting the carbon fiber into a carbonization furnace, protecting the carbon fiber in an argon atmosphere, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating speed of 7 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50And 9 μm. And carrying out CVD coating on the obtained soft carbon particles in a rotary furnace by using acetylene, wherein the heating rate is 7 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 900 ℃, and the coating time is 5h, so as to obtain a precursor. Carbonizing the precursor under the protection of argon atmosphere at a temperature rise rate of 8 ℃/min, a carbonization temperature of 1200 ℃ and a carbonization time of 5 h; screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Example 4
Pre-oxidizing the non-graphitized mesocarbon microbeads and hydrogen peroxide in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 10 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 20%, and the mass ratio of the non-graphitized mesocarbon microbeads to the hydrogen peroxide is 5: 1. Putting non-graphitized mesocarbon microbeads into a carbonization furnace, and carrying out hydrogen treatmentAnd (4) protecting the atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 h. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50Is 10 μm. And carrying out CVD coating on the obtained soft carbon particles in a rotary furnace by using propane, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 1000 ℃, and the coating time is 8h, so as to obtain the precursor. Carbonizing the precursor under the protection of hydrogen atmosphere at the temperature rising speed of 10 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature of 1300 ℃ and the carbonizing time of 6 h; screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Comparative example 1
Needle coke and hydrogen peroxide are pre-oxidized in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 5%, and the mass ratio of the needle coke to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1. And (3) putting the needle coke into a carbonization furnace, and keeping the temperature for 1h at the temperature of 500 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50Is 5 μm. And carbonizing the obtained soft carbon particles under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature rise speed of 2 ℃/min at a carbonization temperature of 800 ℃ for 2 h. Screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Comparative example 2
And (3) putting the needle coke into a carbonization furnace, carrying out pre-carbonization at the temperature rising speed of 2 ℃/min to 500 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1h under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. Crushing and grading the soft carbon particles subjected to pre-carbonization to D50Is 5 μm. And carrying out CVD coating on the obtained soft carbon particles in a rotary furnace by using methane, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 600 ℃, and the coating time is 2h, so as to obtain a precursor. And carbonizing the precursor under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature rise speed of 2 ℃/min, a carbonization temperature of 800 ℃ and a carbonization time of 2 h. Screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
Testing the performance; the preparation of the battery by using the negative electrode materials provided by the embodiment and the comparative example comprises the following specific steps:
mixing and dissolving a negative electrode material, a conductive agent and a binder in a solvent according to a mass ratio of 94:2:4, controlling the solid content to be 50%, coating the mixture on a copper foil current collector, and drying in vacuum to obtain a negative electrode plate, 1mol/L LiPF6/EC + DMC + EMC (v/v =1:1:1) electrolyte, an SK diaphragm, a lithium plate and a button cell assembled by a shell by adopting a conventional production process; on the Shenzhen Xinwei Limited battery test system, the test conditions are as follows: at normal temperature, 1C is charged and discharged at constant current, and the cut-off voltage of charging and discharging is 0.01V-1.5V. The test results are shown in table 1:
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-power-density negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, pre-oxidizing an amorphous carbon material: pre-oxidizing the amorphous carbon material and hydrogen peroxide in a water bath stirring pot at the temperature of 70-100 ℃ for 2-10 h;
a2, pre-carbonizing an amorphous carbon material: placing the pre-oxidized amorphous carbon material obtained after the treatment in the step A1 into a carbonization furnace for heating and pre-carbonization, adopting atmosphere protection, heating up to 500-1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1-5h to obtain pre-carbonized soft carbon particles;
a3, crushing and grading: crushing the pre-carbonized soft carbon particles obtained in the step A2, and grading to D50Is 5-10 μm to obtain soft carbon particles;
a4, gas phase coating: carrying out CVD coating on the soft carbon particles obtained in the step A3 in a rotary furnace by using an organic carbon source gas under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the heating speed is 2-10 ℃/min, the coating temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the coating time is 2-8h to obtain a precursor;
a5, carbonizing, and sieving: carbonizing the precursor obtained in the step A4, and protecting the atmosphere, wherein the temperature rise speed is 2-10 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6 h; screening by a screening machine to obtain the soft carbon finished product.
2. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A1, the amorphous carbon material and hydrogen peroxide are pre-oxidized in a water bath stirring pot according to the mass ratio of 1:1-5:1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 5% -20%.
3. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step a1, the amorphous carbon material is one or a combination of petroleum coke, needle coke, carbon fiber, and non-graphitized mesocarbon microbeads.
4. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A2, the carbonization furnace may be one of a pusher kiln, a roller kiln, and a rotary kiln.
5. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the atmosphere protection is non-oxidizing atmosphere protection, and the gas adopted by the non-oxidizing atmosphere protection is any one or combination of more of nitrogen, helium, argon or hydrogen.
6. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A3, the pre-carbonized soft carbon particles obtained after the treatment in the step A2 are crushed by one of a mechanical mill, an air flow mill and a ball mill.
7. The preparation method of the high power density negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step a4, the organic carbon source gas is any one of methane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, or phenol, or a combination of at least two of them.
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| CN114122393B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2025-04-11 | 上海市翔丰华科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high power density negative electrode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN118176162A (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-06-11 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | A method for synthesizing a discontinuous vapor-deposited carbon-coated lithium manganese iron phosphate material |
| CN118439604A (en) * | 2024-07-08 | 2024-08-06 | 深圳光风新能源科技创新中心有限公司 | A negative electrode material for energy storage |
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