CN109764679B - Smelting device and smelting method - Google Patents
Smelting device and smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109764679B CN109764679B CN201711100063.4A CN201711100063A CN109764679B CN 109764679 B CN109764679 B CN 109764679B CN 201711100063 A CN201711100063 A CN 201711100063A CN 109764679 B CN109764679 B CN 109764679B
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting device and a smelting method. The smelting device comprises: the top of the furnace body is provided with a feed opening, an air inlet and a smoke outlet, and a secondary combustion chamber is arranged in the furnace body; the furnace bottom is internally provided with a retaining wall extending downwards from the top wall of the furnace bottom, the retaining wall is suitable for limiting a reaction zone and a clarification zone which are communicated with each other at the lower part in the furnace bottom, the side wall of the clarification zone is provided with a slag overflow outlet and a melt siphon outlet, the top end of the furnace bottom is connected with the bottom end of the furnace body, and the reaction zone is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; and a main lance extending into the shaft from the top of the shaft and extending through the secondary combustion chamber to the reaction zone. The smelting device can realize continuous feeding and melt discharge in the smelting process, saves fuel, improves smelting efficiency and reduces the emission of harmful gases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of nonferrous metal smelting, hazardous waste treatment and resource recycling, in particular to a smelting device and a smelting method which take treated electronic waste, medium-low grade scrap copper and the like as raw materials.
Background
Resource recycling technologies of waste electronic wastes such as printed circuit boards, deflection coils, electronic components and the like in China are divided into two types: the method is characterized by comprising the physical technologies of disassembly, crushing, sorting and the like mainly based on a physical method, and the chemical technologies of incineration, smelting, acid dissolution and the like mainly based on a chemical method. Both methods have defects such as limited organic open circuit by a physical method, low equipment level by a chemical method, overall lag of technology and serious environmental pollution.
Along with the demands of resource, environment and sustainable development, the country is continuously strengthening the whole process management and supervision of the electronic waste treatment process through perfection legislation and professional guidance, and development of the enhanced metallurgical technology with energy conservation, environment and efficient resource utilization is urgently needed. In order to match with the development of large-scale electronic waste, medium and low grade scrap copper and other resources comprehensive utilization processes, energy-saving, efficient and environment-friendly equipment which is characterized by the short flow technology of the comprehensive utilization process is needed, so that the level and competitiveness of the whole industrial technical equipment for comprehensively utilizing the electronic waste, medium and low grade scrap copper and other waste resources in China are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, an object of the invention is to propose a smelting device and a smelting method. The smelting device can realize continuous feeding and melt discharge in the smelting process, saves fuel, improves smelting efficiency and reduces the emission of harmful gases.
In a first aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a smelting apparatus. According to an embodiment of the invention, the smelting apparatus includes: the top of the furnace body is provided with a feed opening, an air inlet and a smoke outlet, and a secondary combustion chamber is arranged in the furnace body; the furnace bottom is internally provided with a retaining wall extending downwards from the top wall of the furnace bottom, the retaining wall is suitable for limiting a reaction zone and a clarification zone which are communicated with each other at the lower part in the furnace bottom, the side wall of the clarification zone is provided with a slag overflow outlet and a melt siphon outlet, the top end of the furnace bottom is connected with the bottom end of the furnace body, and the reaction zone is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; and a main lance extending into the shaft from the top of the shaft and extending through the secondary combustion chamber to the reaction zone.
According to the smelting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, continuous feeding and melt discharge in the smelting process can be realized, the fuel is saved, the smelting efficiency is improved, and the emission of harmful gas is reduced.
In addition, the smelting device according to the above embodiment of the invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the cross-sectional area of the shaft increases gradually from bottom to top.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lower end of the retaining wall is supported on the bottom wall of the furnace bottom, and the lower end of the retaining wall is provided with a communication channel.
In some embodiments of the invention, a portion of the side wall of the shaft extends into the hearth to form the retaining wall.
In some embodiments of the invention, the smelting apparatus further comprises: and the side-blowing spray guns are arranged on the side wall of the furnace bottom of the reaction zone.
In some embodiments of the invention, the angle between the side-blown lance and the side wall of the hearth is 0-90 degrees.
In some embodiments of the invention, the smelting apparatus further comprises: and the detection rod is inserted into the clarification area from the top wall of the furnace bottom.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a smelting method implemented by the smelting device of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the smelting method comprises the following steps: continuously supplying smelting raw materials, flux and reducing agent into the furnace body through the feed opening, and enabling the materials to enter a reaction zone of the furnace bottom; supplying fuel to the reaction zone through the main spray gun so as to carry out smelting treatment on materials in the reaction zone to obtain crude metal melt, slag melt and flue gas, wherein the crude metal melt and the slag melt enter the clarification zone to be separated and discharged; and the flue gas enters a secondary combustion chamber and is mixed with oxygen-enriched gas introduced by the air inlet and combusted, so that tail gas is generated and discharged.
Therefore, the smelting method according to the embodiment of the invention can realize continuous feeding and melt discharge in the smelting process by adopting the smelting device of the embodiment, save fuel, improve smelting efficiency and reduce the emission of harmful gas.
In addition, the smelting method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the smelting process further comprises: and supplying oxygen-enriched gas to the reaction zone by adopting the side-blowing spray gun for carrying out smelting treatment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the smelting process further comprises: and monitoring layering of the crude metal melt and the slag melt in the clarification area by adopting the detection rod.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a smelting apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a smelting apparatus according to still another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a smelting apparatus according to still another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In a first aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a smelting apparatus. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 3, the smelting apparatus includes: a shaft 100, a hearth 103 and a main lance 11. Wherein, the top of the furnace body 100 is provided with a feed opening 20, an air inlet 14 and a flue gas outlet 27, and the furnace body 100 is internally provided with a secondary combustion chamber 17; a retaining wall 25 extending downwards from the top wall of the furnace bottom 103 is arranged in the furnace bottom 103, the retaining wall 25 is suitable for limiting a reaction zone 22 and a clarification zone 24 which are communicated with each other at the lower part in the furnace bottom 103, a slag overflow outlet 16 and a melt siphon outlet 12 are arranged on the side wall of the clarification zone 24, the top end of the furnace bottom 103 is connected with the bottom end of the furnace body 100, and the reaction zone 22 is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 17; the primary lance 11 extends from the top of the shaft 100 into the shaft 100 and through the secondary combustion chamber 17 to the reaction zone 22.
According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1-3, the air intake 14 may be provided on the secondary combustion device 18, and the secondary combustion air entering the shaft through the air intake 14 and the smelting material entering the shaft through the blanking port 20 may enter the interior of the shaft through the same inlet.
According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-3, the top side of the shaft is also provided with a bypass flue 23, and the flue gas outlet 27 is provided on the bypass flue 23.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the electronic waste, the raw materials such as middle and low grade scrap copper and the like, the auxiliary materials such as quartz stone and the like and the reducing agent such as coke and the like are directly added into the reaction zone 22 of the furnace bottom 103 from the blanking port 20, the main spray gun 11 is inserted into the reaction zone 22 from the spray gun inserting port 19 positioned at the top of the furnace body 100 and is introduced with oxygen-enriched gas, the material entering the furnace is rapidly oxidized and reduced under the continuously input heat of the main spray gun 11 to form crude metal melt and slag melt, the precipitated crude metal melt sinks into the furnace bottom, the formed slag melt floats on the crude metal layer, the crude metal layer enters the clarification zone 24 under the stirring and pressure of the continuously introduced gas of the main spray gun 11 through the interval between the retaining walls 25 in the furnace to form a stable crude metal layer, the crude metal melt is discharged from the siphon discharge port 12 under the continuously introduced material of the blanking port 20 and the forced air of the positive pressure in the furnace, the slag melt is continuously precipitated under the continuously siphon reduction of the reducing agent such as the natural gas and the coke and the like which are added into the main spray gun 11, the crude metal melt is continuously precipitated from the melt discharge port 12, the crude metal melt in the slag layer is continuously discharged from the discharge port 12 under the continuous siphon reduction effect, the slag is continuously formed, the production efficiency is continuously improved, and the production efficiency is continuously improved.
Simultaneously, the flue gas that produces in the smelting process and contains the microparticle rises to secondary combustion chamber 17, lets in oxygen-enriched gas through air intake 14 and carries out abundant secondary combustion to the smelting flue gas that rises, and the side-open flue 23 at furnace body top is equipped with certain rising distance with secondary combustion chamber 17, makes the flue gas stay in the stove longer, and the burning is more abundant, and the smelting flue gas through abundant burning is discharged through the flue gas export 27 from side-open flue 23 to reduce harmful gas's emission.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sectional area of the shaft 100 gradually increases from bottom to top. Thereby, the top of the furnace body and the secondary combustion chamber have a more spacious volume relative to the bottom smelting zone, thereby facilitating the rising discharge of flue gas and density release.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the retaining wall 25 may be supported on the bottom wall of the furnace bottom 103, and the lower end of the retaining wall 25 is provided with a communication passage. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the communication passage of the lower section of the retaining wall 25 may be provided in a fence shape, whereby it is possible to further facilitate the stable flow of the slag melt and the crude metal melt from the reaction zone 22 to the fining zone 24. In some embodiments of the invention, fining zone 24 and melt siphon discharge 12 may also be provided with a barrier structure, thereby further preventing discharge with the crude metal melt during smelting.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a portion of the side wall of the shaft 100 may extend into the hearth 103 to form the retaining wall 25. In some embodiments of the invention, the retaining wall may be a firebrick masonry.
Referring to FIG. 2, the smelting apparatus may further include a plurality of side-blowing lances 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of side-blowing lances 10 are positioned on the bottom side wall of reaction zone 22. Specifically, the plurality of side-blowing spray guns 10 can be inserted into the reaction zone 22 from the air holes around the side wall of the bottom of the reaction zone, and process air (oxygen-enriched gas) is blown into the reaction zone through the side-blowing spray guns 10, so that the oxidation and reduction of raw materials and auxiliary materials can be further facilitated to be accelerated to form a coarse metal layer and a slag layer, the precipitated coarse metal melt sinks into the bottom of the furnace, the formed slag melt floats on the coarse metal layer, and meanwhile, the process air continuously blown by the side-blowing spray guns can also promote the coarse metal melt and the slag melt to enter the clarification zone 24 through the lower part of the retaining wall for standing, clarification and separation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the side-blown lance 10 and the hearth 103 is 0 to 90 degrees. Specifically, the above-mentioned angle is the angle between the opening formed by the side-blown lance 10 and the hearth 103 and the side wall of the hearth. Therefore, the process air blown by the side blowing spray gun can be further beneficial to promoting the smelting process.
Referring to fig. 3, the smelting apparatus may further include a detecting rod 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the detecting rod 13 can be inserted into the clarifying zone 24 through the detecting rod insertion opening 21 arranged on the top wall of the furnace bottom 103, sampling and detecting are carried out on materials in the clarifying zone through adopting the detecting rod 13, and then the air quantity introduced by the side-blowing spray gun 10 is reasonably adjusted according to the detecting effect so as to obtain better smelting effect, and the coarse metal melt qualified in detection is discharged from the melt siphon discharge outlet 12.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a smelting method implemented by the smelting device of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the smelting method comprises the following steps: continuously supplying smelting raw materials, flux and reducing agent to the furnace body from a feed opening, and enabling the materials to enter a reaction zone of the furnace bottom; supplying fuel to the reaction zone through a main spray gun so as to carry out smelting treatment on materials in the reaction zone to obtain crude metal melt, slag melt and flue gas, wherein the crude metal melt and the slag melt enter a clarification zone to be separated and discharged; the flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber and is mixed with oxygen-enriched gas introduced from the air inlet and combusted, so that tail gas is generated and discharged.
According to the smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electronic waste, the medium-low grade copper and other raw materials, quartz stone and other auxiliary materials and coke and other reducing agents are directly added into a reaction zone of the furnace bottom from a feed opening, a main spray gun is inserted into the reaction zone from a spray gun insertion opening at the furnace top and is introduced with oxygen-enriched gas, the materials entering the furnace are rapidly oxidized and reduced under the continuously input heat of the main spray gun to form crude metal melt and slag melt, the precipitated crude metal melt sinks into the furnace bottom, the formed slag melt floats on a crude metal layer, the crude metal layer enters a clarification zone through the interval between retaining walls in the furnace under the stirring and pressure of the continuously introduced gas of the main spray gun to form a stable crude metal layer, the crude metal melt is discharged from a melt siphon discharge outlet under the continuously reduced of the natural gas and the coke and other reducing agents added into the feed opening in the furnace, the precipitated crude metal melt in the slag layer is continuously discharged from the melt discharge outlet, and the formed reducing slag is continuously discharged from the melt overflow discharge outlet, so that the continuous smelting efficiency is formed.
Simultaneously, the produced flue gas that contains the microparticle in the smelting process rises to the secondary combustion chamber, lets in oxygen-enriched gas through the air intake and carries out abundant secondary combustion to the smelting flue gas that rises, and the side-open flue at furnace body top is equipped with certain rising distance with the secondary combustion chamber, makes the flue gas stay in the stove longer, and the burning is more abundant, and the smelting flue gas through abundant burning is discharged through the flue gas outlet from side-open flue to reduce harmful gas's emission.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smelting method may further include: and (3) supplying oxygen-enriched gas to the reaction zone by adopting a side-blowing spray gun for carrying out smelting treatment. The process air (oxygen-enriched gas) is blown into the reaction zone through the side blowing spray gun, so that the oxidation and reduction of raw materials and auxiliary materials can be further facilitated to be accelerated to form a crude metal layer and a slag layer, the precipitated crude metal melt sinks into the furnace bottom, the formed slag melt floats on the crude metal layer, and meanwhile, the process air continuously blown by the side blowing spray gun can also promote the crude metal melt and the slag melt to enter the clarification zone through the lower part of the retaining wall for standing, clarification and separation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smelting method may further include: and monitoring layering of the crude metal melt and the slag melt in the clarification area by adopting the detection rod. Sampling detection is carried out on the material in the clarification area by adopting a detection rod, and then the air quantity introduced by the side-blowing spray gun is reasonably adjusted according to the detection effect so as to obtain better smelting effect, and the coarse metal melt qualified in detection is discharged from a melt siphon discharge port.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A smelting apparatus, comprising:
The top of the furnace body is provided with a feed opening, an air inlet and a smoke outlet, and a secondary combustion chamber is arranged in the furnace body;
The furnace bottom is internally provided with a retaining wall extending downwards from the top wall of the furnace bottom, the retaining wall is suitable for limiting a reaction zone and a clarification zone which are communicated with each other at the lower part in the furnace bottom, the side wall of the clarification zone is provided with a slag overflow outlet and a melt siphon outlet, the top end of the furnace bottom is connected with the bottom end of the furnace body, and the reaction zone is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; and
A main spray gun extending into the furnace body from the top of the furnace body and extending to the reaction zone through the secondary combustion chamber,
A plurality of side-blowing lances disposed on a bottom side wall of the reaction zone;
A detection rod inserted into the clarification zone from the top wall of the furnace bottom,
The lower end of the retaining wall is supported on the bottom wall of the furnace bottom, and a communication channel is arranged at the lower end of the retaining wall and is in a fence shape;
A portion of the side wall of the shaft extends into the hearth to form the retaining wall,
The included angle between the side-blowing spray gun and the furnace bottom is 0-90 degrees.
2. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sectional area of the shaft increases gradually from bottom to top.
3. A smelting method carried out by the smelting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
Continuously supplying smelting raw materials, flux and reducing agent into the furnace body through the feed opening, and enabling the materials to enter a reaction zone of the furnace bottom;
supplying fuel to the reaction zone through the main spray gun so as to carry out smelting treatment on materials in the reaction zone to obtain crude metal melt, slag melt and flue gas, wherein the crude metal melt and the slag melt enter the clarification zone to be separated and discharged;
and the flue gas enters a secondary combustion chamber and is mixed with oxygen-enriched gas introduced by the air inlet and combusted, so that tail gas is generated and discharged.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising: and supplying oxygen-enriched gas to the reaction zone by adopting the side-blowing spray gun for carrying out smelting treatment.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, further comprising: and sampling and detecting the crude metal melt and the slag melt in the clarification area by adopting the detection rod.
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| CN201711100063.4A CN109764679B (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | Smelting device and smelting method |
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| CN201711100063.4A CN109764679B (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | Smelting device and smelting method |
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| CN109764679B true CN109764679B (en) | 2024-04-23 |
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| CN113074558A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 江西华赣瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 | Side-blown smelting furnace |
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