CN109750271B - A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109750271B CN109750271B CN201910144574.9A CN201910144574A CN109750271B CN 109750271 B CN109750271 B CN 109750271B CN 201910144574 A CN201910144574 A CN 201910144574A CN 109750271 B CN109750271 B CN 109750271B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rubber ball
- inner core
- rubber
- resistant
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐高温耐磨损振动筛橡胶球，该橡胶球由橡胶球内芯和作为球面设置在所述橡胶球内芯外侧的类金刚石薄膜制成；所述类金刚石薄膜的厚度为500~600nm。同时，本发明还公开了该橡胶球的制备方法。本发明利用橡胶球体和类金刚石薄膜的热膨胀系数不同，其薄膜呈分割状，有利于释放薄膜的应力，促进薄膜与橡胶球内芯良好的粘附性；并且有力地提高橡胶球体的耐磨性和耐温性。The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant vibrating screen rubber ball. The rubber ball is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film arranged on the outer side of the rubber ball inner core as a spherical surface; the thickness of the diamond-like carbon film is: 500~600nm. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the rubber ball. The invention utilizes the different thermal expansion coefficients of the rubber sphere and the diamond-like carbon film, and the film is in a split shape, which is beneficial to release the stress of the film, promotes good adhesion between the film and the inner core of the rubber ball, and effectively improves the wear resistance of the rubber sphere. and temperature resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial vibrating screen rubber ball, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The vibrating screen is a common material separation device and is widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, agriculture, metallurgy, building, mine and the like. In the actual screening process, because only a part of particles are contacted with the screen surface after a large amount of crushed and scattered materials with different particle sizes and mixed thicknesses enter the screen surface, the material layer on the screen is loosened through the vibration of the screen box, so that the gap where large particles originally exist is further enlarged, and small particles pass through the gap by the machine and are transferred to the lower layer or the conveyor. However, when fine particles are screened through, the material and the particles with similar screen hole sizes are difficult to pass through the screen, the particles which pass through the lower layer of the screen surface are difficult to pass through, and especially a large amount of material can block the screen surface. Therefore, when the vibrating screen works, the exciting force given by the vibrating motor is designed to enable the rubber balls to bounce and play a role in cleaning blocked materials in the screen holes, so that the screening yield is improved.
Although the rubber ball simulates the effect that the screen surface is continuously flapped by manpower to achieve the effect of no blocking of the screen in the running process of the vibrating screen, the rubber ball belongs to a quick-wear part in the vibrating screen. Because the rubber ball bounces repeatedly under the high-speed condition, the percentage of the surface layer of the rubber ball peeled off is larger and larger along with the increase of the impact speed, and finally, a large amount of abrasive dust is doped in the screened material. In addition, the long-term operation of the screen box and the heat accumulation generated by the repeated friction between the rubber balls and the screen cloth can cause the elasticity of the rubber to be reduced and the service cannot be realized. The good screen cleaning effect is realized, the selection of the rubber ball is also particularly critical, the heavier ball can damage the screen, and the lighter ball reduces the vibration effect. Therefore, under the condition of not changing the weight of the ball body and the elastic property of the ball body, the improvement of the wear resistance and the high temperature resistance of the rubber ball is one of measures for improving the production efficiency and purifying the screened material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant vibrating screen rubber ball with excellent performance.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant vibrating screen rubber ball.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant vibrating screen rubber ball which is characterized in that: the rubber ball is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film which is arranged on the outer side of the rubber ball inner core as a spherical surface; the diamond-like carbon film has a thickness of 500 to 600 nm.
The rubber ball inner core material is one of nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer, and the surface roughness of the rubber ball inner core material is less than 100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant rubber ball for the vibrating screen comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball:
subjecting an industrial vibrating screen rubber ball to ultrasonic vibration by using soap water at 60 ℃, then sweeping impurities on the surface of an inner core of the rubber ball by using a flexible brush, repeating for 5 times, finally wiping the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball by using alcohol with the volume concentration of 75%, and drying in the air by using nitrogen gas to obtain a clean inner core of the rubber ball;
secondly, the clean rubber ball inner core is arranged in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositionIn the vacuum cavity, the tray vibrates at the frequency of 0.2Hz and is parallel to the surface of the tray to promote the movement of the rubber balls; then vacuumizing to 1.0X 10–4Pa；
Thirdly, introducing hydrogen gas, and performing plasma bombardment by adopting a pulse ion source with the power of 100W; then introducing methane and argon, and performing pulsed bias plating for 20-30 min at 600-800V; and finally, introducing methane and hydrogen, and performing pulsed bias coating for 60-80 min at 600-800V to obtain the coating.
The 60 ℃ soapy water in the step is obtained by dissolving 100 g of soap in 990 ml of water and heating to 60 ℃ after the dissolving is finished.
And thirdly, bombarding the hydrogen plasma in the step three under the conditions that the pulse bias voltage is 400-500V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 60-70 KHz, the temperature in the vacuum cavity is lower than 50 ℃, and the bombarding time is 15-25 min.
And in the step three, the purities of the hydrogen, the methane and the argon are all 99.99%.
The flow ratio of methane to argon in the step (III) is 1: 2-1: 3; the flow ratio of the methane to the hydrogen is 1: 1.8-1: 2.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention utilizes the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the rubber sphere and the diamond-like carbon film, and the film is in a split shape, thereby being beneficial to releasing the stress of the film and promoting the good adhesion of the film and the inner core of the rubber sphere. The film prepared in the present invention was frozen with liquid nitrogen and cut to prepare a cross section, and the interface was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 1). The result shows that the film is divided into plates with the thickness of 1-2 mu m and is uniformly adhered to the inner core of the rubber ball.
2. The thickness uniformity of the film is better (500-600 nm), the Shore hardness value and the elastic property of the inner core of the rubber body cannot be changed by the film, and the wear resistance and the temperature resistance of the rubber sphere are effectively improved.
3. The temperature that the diamond-like carbon film of the invention can bear is higher than 300 ℃, will reach the best to the protection of rubber ball inner core. Meanwhile, the vibrating screen has good elasticity in a high-temperature environment, fine separation of materials by the vibrating screen is guaranteed, and the service life of the vibrating screen is prolonged.
4. Simple rotational friction experiments are carried out on the rubber ball by adopting GCr15 steel as a pairing pair, and tests show that the deposited diamond-like carbon film can obviously reduce the friction coefficient (the friction coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.2), the curve stability of the friction coefficient is stronger and no obvious abrasion exists, so that the friction performance of the rubber ball is proved to be far superior to that of the traditional rubber ball.
5. In the preparation process of the invention, gas is introduced into the vacuum cavity to clean the rubber, the temperature is constant and is not more than 50 ℃, and the vibration of the tray is used for promoting the movement of the inner core of the rubber ball to realize omnibearing film deposition.
6. The preparation method is simple and easy for industrial application.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a deposited diamond-like carbon film on a rubber surface according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1 a high temperature resistant and wear resistant rubber ball for a vibrating screen, which is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film as a spherical surface disposed outside the rubber ball inner core; the thickness of the diamond-like film is 500-600 nm.
Wherein: the inner core material of the rubber ball is nitrile rubber, and the surface roughness of the nitrile rubber is less than 100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant rubber ball for the vibrating screen comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball:
the industrial rubber ball with the vibrating screen phi 30mm is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation of soap water at 60 ℃, then impurities on the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball are swept away by a flexible brush for 5 times and 15min each time, and the purpose is to seep out the impurities on the surface layer of the inner core of the rubber ball by adopting the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction. And finally, wiping the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball by using alcohol with the volume concentration of 75%, and air-drying by using nitrogen to obtain the clean inner core of the rubber ball.
Wherein: the soap water of 60 deg.C is prepared by dissolving 100 g soap in 990 ml water, and heating to 60 deg.C after dissolving.
Secondly, a clean rubber ball inner core is arranged in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition vacuum chamber, and a tray vibrates at the frequency of 0.2Hz and is parallel to the tray surface to promote the movement of the rubber ball, namely the tray vibrates longitudinally with uniform amplitude; then opening a mechanical pump to pump the vacuum to 100Pa, then opening a roots pump to pump the vacuum to 2Pa, and finally opening a molecular pump to pump the vacuum to 1.0 x 10–4Pa。。
Thirdly, introducing 300sccm hydrogen into the vacuum cavity, performing plasma bombardment by using a pulse ion source with the power of 100W, removing oxides (paraffin and grease) on the surface layer of the inner core of the rubber ball by using the hydrogen plasma, and causing no damage to the inner core of the rubber ball.
Wherein: the hydrogen plasma bombardment condition is that the pulse bias is 500V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 60KHz, the temperature in the vacuum chamber is 38 ℃, and the bombardment time is 20 min.
Then introducing methane and argon gas with the flow ratio of 1:2, wherein the purpose of adopting argon plasma is to facilitate the generation of a large amount of free radicals on the surface of the rubber to promote various carbon-containing groups (CH)3 +，CH2 +Etc.) to bind to active sites on the rubber surface. Depositing a coating film for 20min by 800V pulse bias; and finally, introducing methane and hydrogen with the flow ratio of 1:2, and depositing the coating for 60min by 800V pulse bias. The subsequent addition of sufficient hydrogen content is primarily intended to improve the flexibility of the film and to act as a passivation.
The tray is in a vibration state during the whole pretreatment and film coating period, so that the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball is promoted to be formed into a film in an all-round and uniform manner.
Embodiment 2 a high temperature resistant and wear resistant rubber ball for a vibrating screen, which is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film disposed outside the rubber ball inner core as a spherical surface; the thickness of the diamond-like film is 500-600 nm.
Wherein: the inner core material of the rubber ball is ethylene propylene diene monomer, and the surface roughness of the rubber ball is less than 100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant rubber ball for the vibrating screen comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball; the process of vacuum pumping is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Thirdly, introducing 300sccm hydrogen into the vacuum cavity, performing plasma bombardment by using a pulse ion source with the power of 100W, removing oxides (paraffin and grease) on the surface layer of the inner core of the rubber ball by using the hydrogen plasma, and causing no damage to the inner core of the rubber ball.
Wherein: the hydrogen plasma bombardment condition is that the pulse bias is 500V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 60KHz, the temperature in the vacuum chamber is 40 ℃, and the bombardment time is 20 min.
Then introducing methane and argon gas with the flow ratio of 1:2, wherein the purpose of adopting argon plasma is to facilitate the generation of a large amount of free radicals on the surface of the rubber to promote various carbon-containing groups (CH)3 +，CH2 +Etc.) to bind to active sites on the rubber surface. Depositing a coating film for 30min by 600V pulse bias; and finally, introducing methane and hydrogen with the flow ratio of 1:2, and depositing the coating for 75min by 700V pulse bias. The subsequent addition of sufficient hydrogen content is primarily intended to improve the flexibility of the film and to act as a passivation.
The tray is in a vibration state during the whole pretreatment and film coating period, so that the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball is promoted to be formed into a film in an all-round and uniform manner.
Embodiment 3 a high temperature resistant and wear resistant rubber ball for a vibrating screen, which is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film as a spherical surface disposed outside the rubber ball inner core; the thickness of the diamond-like film is 500-600 nm.
Wherein: the inner core of the rubber ball is made of chloroprene rubber, and the surface roughness of the inner core is less than 100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant rubber ball for the vibrating screen comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball; the process of vacuum pumping is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Thirdly, introducing 300sccm hydrogen into the vacuum cavity, performing plasma bombardment by using a pulse ion source with the power of 100W, removing oxides (paraffin and grease) on the surface layer of the inner core of the rubber ball by using the hydrogen plasma, and causing no damage to the inner core of the rubber ball.
Wherein: the hydrogen plasma bombardment condition is that the pulse bias is 400V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 70KHz, the temperature in the vacuum chamber is 45 ℃, and the bombardment time is 15 min.
Then introducing methane and argon gas with the flow ratio of 1:3, wherein the purpose of adopting argon plasma is to facilitate the generation of a large amount of free radicals on the surface of the rubber to promote various carbon-containing groups (CH)3 +，CH2 +Etc.) to bind to active sites on the rubber surface. Depositing a coating film for 25min by 700V pulse bias; and finally, introducing methane and hydrogen with the flow ratio of 1:1.8, and depositing the coating for 80min by 600V pulse bias. The subsequent addition of sufficient hydrogen content is primarily intended to improve the flexibility of the film and to act as a passivation.
The tray is in a vibration state during the whole pretreatment and film coating period, so that the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball is promoted to be formed into a film in an all-round and uniform manner.
Embodiment 4 a high temperature resistant and wear resistant rubber ball for a vibrating screen, which is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film as a spherical surface disposed outside the rubber ball inner core; the thickness of the diamond-like film is 500-600 nm.
Wherein: the inner core material of the rubber ball is silicon rubber, and the surface roughness of the inner core material is less than 100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant rubber ball for the vibrating screen comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball; the process of vacuum pumping is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Introducing 300sccm hydrogen into a vacuum cavity, performing plasma bombardment by using a pulse ion source with the power of 100W, removing oxides (paraffin and grease) on the surface layer of the inner core of the rubber ball by using the hydrogen plasma, and causing no damage to the inner core of the rubber ball.
Wherein: the hydrogen plasma bombardment condition refers to that the pulse bias is 450V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 65KHz, the temperature in the vacuum chamber is 45 ℃, and the bombardment time is 25 min.
Then introducing methane and argon gas with the flow ratio of 1:2.5, wherein the purpose of adopting argon plasma is to facilitate the generation of a large amount of free radicals on the surface of the rubber to promote various carbon-containing groups（CH3 +，CH2 +Etc.) to bind to active sites on the rubber surface. Depositing a coating film for 20min by 600V pulse bias; and finally, introducing methane and hydrogen with the flow ratio of 1:2.2, and depositing the coating for 60min by 600V pulse bias. The subsequent addition of sufficient hydrogen content is primarily intended to improve the flexibility of the film and to act as a passivation.
The tray is in a vibration state during the whole pretreatment and film coating period, so that the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball is promoted to be formed into a film in an all-round and uniform manner.
In examples 1 to 4, the purity of hydrogen, methane and argon was 99.99%.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature resistant stand wear and tear shale shaker rubber ball which characterized in that: the rubber ball is made of a rubber ball inner core and a diamond-like carbon film which is arranged on the outer side of the rubber ball inner core as a spherical surface; the thickness of the diamond-like carbon film is 500-600 nm; the inner core of the rubber ball is made of one of nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer, and the surface roughness of the rubber ball is less than 100 nm;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
processing an inner core of a rubber ball:
subjecting an industrial vibrating screen rubber ball to ultrasonic vibration by using soap water at 60 ℃, then sweeping impurities on the surface of an inner core of the rubber ball by using a flexible brush, repeating for 5 times, finally wiping the surface of the inner core of the rubber ball by using alcohol with the volume concentration of 75%, and drying in the air by using nitrogen gas to obtain a clean inner core of the rubber ball;
secondly, the clean rubber ball inner core is arranged in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition vacuum chamber, and a tray vibrates at the frequency of 0.2Hz and is parallel to the surface of the tray to promote the movement of the rubber ball; then vacuumizing to 1.0X 10–4Pa；
Thirdly, introducing hydrogen gas, and performing plasma bombardment by adopting a pulse ion source with the power of 100W; then introducing methane and argon, and performing pulsed bias plating for 20-30 min at 600-800V; finally, introducing methane and hydrogen, and performing pulsed bias coating for 60-80 min at 600-800V to obtain the coating; the hydrogen plasma bombardment condition is that the pulse bias voltage is 400-500V, the duty ratio is 60%, the frequency is 60-70 KHz, the temperature in the vacuum cavity is lower than 50 ℃, and the bombardment time is 15-25 min.
2. The high temperature and abrasion resistant shaker rubber ball of claim 1, wherein: the 60 ℃ soapy water in the step is obtained by dissolving 100 g of soap in 990 ml of water and heating to 60 ℃ after the dissolving is finished.
3. The high temperature and abrasion resistant shaker rubber ball of claim 1, wherein: and in the step three, the purities of the hydrogen, the methane and the argon are all 99.99%.
4. The high temperature and abrasion resistant shaker rubber ball of claim 1, wherein: the flow ratio of methane to argon in the step (III) is 1: 2-1: 3; the flow ratio of the methane to the hydrogen is 1: 1.8-1: 2.2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910144574.9A CN109750271B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910144574.9A CN109750271B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109750271A CN109750271A (en) | 2019-05-14 |
| CN109750271B true CN109750271B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
Family
ID=66406763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910144574.9A Active CN109750271B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109750271B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112375246B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A method for modifying polymer surfaces by carbon dioxide plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1114881A4 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2007-05-16 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | Carbon film and method for formation thereof and article covered with carbon film and method for preparation thereof |
| JP3921934B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2007-05-30 | 日新電機株式会社 | Articles that come into contact with human skin during use |
| JP4766176B2 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-09-07 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Adhesive of carbon thin film coated article and rubber |
| CN106011794B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | The preparation method of superslide nanocrystalline and amorphous C film under atmospheric environment |
| CN109371360A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-22 | 纳峰真空镀膜（上海）有限公司 | A kind of preparation method applied to the wear-resisting diamond-like coating on cryogenic material |
-
2019
- 2019-02-27 CN CN201910144574.9A patent/CN109750271B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109750271A (en) | 2019-05-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI459462B (en) | Cleaning hardware kit for composite showerhead electrode assemblies for plasma processing apparatuses | |
| JP6333902B2 (en) | Diamond-like carbon coating layer for piston ring surface, piston ring and manufacturing process | |
| CN101469408A (en) | Method for depositing diamond-like carbon film on stainless steel substrate | |
| CN104167351B (en) | A kind of chemical machinery cleaning method of SiC epitaxial wafers | |
| CN108359942B (en) | Preparation method of wear-resistant diamond-like coating | |
| CN103952664B (en) | A kind of diamond-like carbon film-coating surface of the work pretreating process | |
| CN109750271B (en) | A kind of high temperature resistant and wear resistant vibrating screen rubber ball and preparation method thereof | |
| TW200949013A (en) | Ceramic sprayed member, making method, abrasive medium for use therewith | |
| CN110205604A (en) | Graded diamond stone/graphite composite self-lubricating anti-attrition engineering ceramics coating and preparation method | |
| CN111455386A (en) | A kind of super-smooth tungsten disulfide/hydrogen-containing carbon film and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107557784A (en) | A kind of textured surfaces lubrication matrix for coating magnetic fluid and its processing method | |
| CN104694893A (en) | Carbon-based antifriction wear resistant coat and production method thereof | |
| CN107058943A (en) | TiCN/CrCN nano-multilayer films and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108203813A (en) | A kind of preparation method of in-situ preparation graphene | |
| CN103882376A (en) | Preparation method of super-lubricity amorphous carbon film with nano-structure | |
| CN104392899A (en) | Sand-blasting-free diffusion nickel plating technology of rectification monocrystalline silicon wafer | |
| CN101298655A (en) | Nano-stack TiN gradient film and preparation thereof | |
| CN110129763A (en) | A method for enhancing the bonding force of titanium-based diamond coating based on ultrasonic treatment after carbonization | |
| CN111485212B (en) | Preparation method of molybdenum disulfide-carbon multilayer film with sub-10-nanometer bionic structure | |
| CN109972082A (en) | Method for preparing carbon-based multilayer thin films by closed field-magnetron sputtering deposition technology | |
| CN103290367A (en) | Preparation method of film bulk acoustic resonator lower electrode | |
| CN105132878A (en) | Method for preparing titanium/diamond-like nanometer multilayer film on silicon surface | |
| CN110158012B (en) | A kind of method of metallizing rubber surface | |
| CN103160800A (en) | Method for preparing fluorine-containing carbon-based film on silicon substrate surface | |
| CN105779950B (en) | The method of the carbon-based super composite lubricating film of low temperature vapor deposition onion structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |