CN109738596B - Method for diagnosing nutrient status of tomato calcium - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing nutrient status of tomato calcium Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title description 32
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 102000055006 Calcitonin Human genes 0.000 claims description 23
- 108060001064 Calcitonin Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N calcitonin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1 BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229960004015 calcitonin Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for diagnosing the nutrient status of tomato calcium, which diagnoses the nutrient status of the tomato calcium by analyzing the calcium content of upper leaves in different periods, diagnoses the nutrient status of the tomato calcium as deficient calcium when the calcium content of a next sample is less than or equal to the calcium content of a previous sample, and can supplement the calcium nutrition by externally spraying or improving the calcium solubility of nutrient solution. The method can judge the nutrient status of the tomato calcium in different periods, and plays an important role in modern agricultural production practice needing to ensure high yield and high quality of tomato fruits so as to obtain economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant calcium nutrition diagnosis, and particularly relates to a method for diagnosing the nutrition condition of tomato calcium.
Background
Calcium is an essential nutrient element for plants, and is in a central regulatory position in plant growth and development and coping with environmental stress. Calcium is an element which is difficult to move and not easy to be recycled, so the symptom of deficiency of elements is firstly shown in the young leaves of the upper caulicles, the apical buds and the young leaves are light green at the early stage of deficiency of calcium, and then the typical hook-shaped shapes of the leaf tips and the subsequent necrosis are shown. Because the plant calcium deficiency degree is different and does not necessarily show typical symptoms, the judgment cannot be carried out, or the typical symptoms can only appear in the later period of the deficiency, the yield and the quality of crops are seriously influenced at the moment, for example, the appearance, the internal quality and the storability of fruits are seriously influenced by the navel rot caused by the calcium deficiency of tomatoes, the commodity value of the tomatoes is greatly reduced, and the great economic loss is caused. Therefore, the nutrient status of the calcitonin of the crops should be diagnosed as early as possible, the calcium can be supplemented in time, the yield and the quality of the crops are ensured, and the stability of the yield and the quality of the fruits of the widely planted dual-purpose economic crops for fruits and vegetables directly influences the economic value of the tomatoes.
Traditionally, the calcium content in the superior leaves of the plants can be measured to diagnose the nutrient status of the calcium in the tomatoes, but the reference critical value is required to be referred to, however, the general reference critical value has diagnostic significance only under the condition of extreme lack of the calcium nutrition due to the influence of the crop varieties, the growth stage, the measuring method and other factors. The invention provides a method for diagnosing the nutrient status of the calcitonin by dynamic detection and comparison according to the change rule of the calcium content of the upper leaves of the tomatoes discovered in the research process, the method does not need to refer to a critical value, so the method is not influenced by the factors, can diagnose the nutrient status of the calcitonin in time, and can diagnose when the calcitonin is slightly deficient, so the diagnosis result is closer to the judgment of the most suitable nutrient status of the calcitonin.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for diagnosing the nutrient status of the calcitonin in tomatoes, which provides a reliable basis for the nutrient regulation of the calcitonin in the tomato planting process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of diagnosing the nutritional status of a tomato calcitonin comprising the steps of:
(1) transplanting the tomato seedlings into a greenhouse or a glass greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse or the glass greenhouse to be 12-35 ℃, collecting the top 3 leaves 20-30 days after transplanting, and performing calcium content measurement;
(2) collecting the leaf blade at the same position 20-30 days after the first sampling, and measuring the content of the calcitonin in the leaf blade by the same method; collecting leaves at the same position 20-30 days after the second sampling, measuring the calcium content of the leaves by the same method, and so on, sampling and measuring the calcium content of the leaves within 150 days after the tomato seedlings are fixedly planted and 20-30 days at intervals;
(3) the calcium content of the sample at different periods is compared to diagnose the nutrient status of the calcitonin, when the calcium content of the next sample is less than or equal to the calcium content of the previous sample, the nutrient deficiency of the calcitonin is diagnosed, and the calcium nutrition can be supplemented by exogenous spraying or a method for improving the calcium solubility of the nutrient solution. The method for measuring the content of the calcitonin can use different plant calcium content measuring methods, and the nutrient condition of the calcitonin can be judged in time by the method.
(4) The long-distance transportation of plant calcium mainly occurs in xylem and is difficult to transport in phloem, and the power of the transportation is mainly transpiration. Calcium reaches the vigorous growth of treetops, young leaves, flowers, fruits and apical meristems from the xylem by the transpiration flow, which is mainly influenced by the temperature. Researches show that the calcium content of upper leaves of plants with sufficient calcium is continuously increased along with the prolonging of planting time under the condition of 12-35 ℃; the calcium content of the upper leaves of plants with calcium deficiency tends to decrease with the increase of planting time.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a method for diagnosing the nutrient status of the calcitonin in the tomato by dynamic detection and comparison according to the change rule of the calcium content of the upper leaves of the tomato discovered in the research process, the method does not need to refer to a critical value, can diagnose the nutrient status of the calcitonin in the tomato in time, and can diagnose when the calcitonin is slightly deficient, so that the diagnosis result is closer to the judgment of the most suitable nutrient status of the calcitonin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation of the calcium content of superior leaves in plants with different calcium levels.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. The method of the present invention is a method which is conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
First, test scheme
1. Test set-up
The test is carried out in a glass greenhouse (12-35 ℃) of soil fertilizer research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province, the tomato variety is delicate gold, the tomato belongs to an unlimited growth type small tomato, and the water and fertilizer integrated cultivation of the tomato is carried out by using coconut chaff matrix strips. Culturing seedlings of Jinlinglong tomatoes in 2016 (10 months and 8 days), planting in 2016 (11 months and 2 days), and carrying out drip irrigation for 7 days after planting by using 1/4 nutrient solution, wherein the treatment of different nutrient solution formulas is started. The test sets 4 calcium treatment solubilities (calcium deficiency, low calcium, normal and high calcium), the contents are respectively 0, 1, 3 and 6mmol/L (the nutrient solution in the fertilization barrel is prepared by self well water, the calcium content of the well water is 23.67 +/-2.13 mg/L)), calcium chloride is used for calcium, the treatment of other elements is the same, the macroelements are 1mmol/L of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 4.06mmol/L of potassium nitrate, 3.5mmol/L of ammonium nitrate, 1.47mmol/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the trace elements are general formula, and the iron is EDTA-Fe.
2. Sample collection time: 1/2016, 12/2016, 28/2016, 25/2017/1/2017, 22/2017/2, and 15/2017/3. Sample collection position: upper leaves, collecting the top 3 leaves; collecting 4-6 leaves at the top of the median leaf; the inferior leaf collects all the remaining leaves, while the upper, middle and lower stems are collected at the corresponding positions.
3. Fruit collection: and collecting mature fruits in 3 months and 15 days, and performing quality and yield measurement.
4. The plant calcium determination method comprises the following steps: measurement by atomic absorption
Second, the influence of different calcium levels on the calcium content of upper leaves of tomato plants
The test analyzes the calcium content of the upper leaves in different periods (figure 1), and the calcium content of the leaves in different periods is increased along with the increase of the calcium solubility of the nutrient solution; normal and high calcium treatment, the calcium content of the upper leaves of the plants is always maintained at a higher level and is continuously increased along with the prolonging of the planting time; the low-calcium and calcium-deficiency treatment is continuously reduced along with the prolonging of the planting time, the reduction amplitude of the calcium-deficiency treatment is obviously higher than that of the low-calcium treatment, and the leaves and stems of other parts do not show the same rule, which shows that the nutrient condition of the tomato calcium can be diagnosed by monitoring the change of the upper leaf content of the tomato.
Influence of different calcium levels on tomato fruit yield and quality
1. Effect of different calcium levels on the external quality and yield of tomatoes
The external quality and yield of tomato fruits are shown in table 1, the weight of single fruit, the number of fruits per bunch and the yield per plant are increased along with the increase of calcium level, and no obvious difference occurs between high calcium and normal treatment; the weight of a single fruit treated by low calcium and the number of the fruits in each bunch are not obviously different from those treated normally, the yield of each plant is reduced by 8.01 percent, and the difference reaches a significant level; the weight of single fruit, the number of fruits per bunch and the yield of each plant in the calcium deficiency treatment are respectively reduced by 20.94%, 19.39% and 25.82% compared with the normal treatment, and the difference reaches a significant level; cord rot was not found by any other treatment except the calcium deficiency treatment BER was 10.99%.
TABLE 1 Effect of different calcium levels on the external quality and yield of tomatoes
2. Effect of different calcium content treatments on the intrinsic quality of tomato fruit
The intrinsic quality of tomato fruits is shown in table 2, the reducing sugar, Vc and sugar acid ratio are increased along with the increase of calcium level, and no obvious difference occurs between high calcium and normal treatment; the ratio of reducing sugar and sugar acid in low-calcium treatment is respectively reduced by 11.14% and 16.31%, and the difference reaches a significant level; the ratio of reducing sugar, Vc and sugar acid in calcium deficiency treatment is respectively reduced by 27.75%, 17.71% and 42.34%, and the difference reaches a significant level; the total acid decreased with increasing calcium levels, the calcium deficiency decreased by 26.17% from normal treatment, the difference reached a significant level, and no significant difference occurred between high calcium, normal and low calcium treatments.
TABLE 2 Effect of different calcium levels on the intrinsic quality of tomato fruits
Note: % is the proportion of nutrient elements in dry matter.
Fourth, conclusion
The research results show that the calcium deficiency and the low calcium influence the quality and the yield of the tomatoes to different degrees. The method can diagnose the nutrient condition of the calcitonin and provide a basis for timely supplement of the nutrient of the calcitonin.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of diagnosing the nutritional status of a tomato calcitonin comprising the steps of:
(1) transplanting the tomato seedlings into a greenhouse or a glass greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse or the glass greenhouse to be 12-35 ℃, collecting the top 3 leaves 20-30 days after transplanting, and performing calcium content measurement;
(2) collecting the leaf blade at the same position 20-30 days after the first sampling, and measuring the content of the calcitonin in the leaf blade by the same method; collecting the leaves at the same position 20-30 days after the second sampling, measuring the calcium content of the leaves by the same method, and so on, sampling and measuring the calcium content of the leaves 20-30 days every time;
(3) diagnosing the nutrient status of the calcitonin by comparing the calcium content sampled and determined at different periods, and diagnosing the nutrient deficiency of the calcitonin when the calcium content of the next sample is less than or equal to the calcium content of the previous sample;
the diagnosis method is suitable for 150 days after the tomato seedlings are planted.
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| JP2022135344A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-15 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Potassium concentration estimation method and potassium concentration estimation device |
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