CN109737418A - Medical waste classification and high-temperature pyrolysis treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a medical waste classification is retrieved and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it includes: the medical waste treatment system comprises a classification collecting device, a manual sorting platform, a high-temperature sterilization device, a primary crushing device, a sorting device, a secondary crushing device and a high-temperature pyrolysis treatment device, wherein medical waste raw materials mainly processed by the system are preliminarily selected through the classification collecting device and the manual sorting platform; then sorting the garbage by a magnetic separator, a winnowing machine and a gravity jigger, wherein the separated magnetic metal, aluminum, glass, sand, stone and the like can be treated by a recovery department, so that the useful substances in the medical garbage can be recycled, and the separated garbage with higher organic matter content is converted into a usable energy form by high-temperature pyrolysis treatment; the system is helpful for reducing resource waste and has the characteristics of high reduction degree, small secondary pollution and high energy recovery rate.

Description

A kind of medical garbage sorting and high temperature pyrolysis processing system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery and processing system, in particular to a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery And high temperature pyrolysis processing system.

Background technique

Environment and development problem has become the focal issue of global common concern, and garbage disposal is as prominent in environmental problem It goes wrong, especially concern of the processing problem of hospital waste increasingly by the whole society and insider；Society is constantly progressive With development, along with the various New Type of Diseases of emergence, new technology and drug are also constantly being generated, medical waste no matter Still biggish variation quantitatively all occurs in type, especially in densely populated area, the processing of medical waste seems It is particularly important.

And the overwhelming majority in medical waste does not obtain scientific disposal, with being widely used for disposable medical article, The increase of hospital solid wastes yield is caused again；To save cost, some units are often by medical waste and house refuse Mix disposition, and disposable transfusion device, operation excision object, used gauze, the waste residue of pharmacy, blood in medical waste Equal wastes have very strong biological infection, need to carry out profession containing harmful substances such as a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, helminths Isolation and special burning disposal, must not mix processing with common house refuse, such as deal with improperly, will cause two Secondary infection and environmental pollution bring serious threat to environment and human health.

As people are to the strong pollution and viral understanding of medical waste, the combustibility and high fever of medical waste in addition Value property, people start to carry out power generation by waste combustion to medical waste, although this method can be using the calorific value in rubbish come to people It brings convenience, but the gas of toxic gas caused by medical waste such as sulfide and dioxin etc makes people be difficult to bear By, and be only difficult to remove noxious material in medical waste with burning, burn generation gas and waste to environment still There is " sequelae " of pollution, therefore, produce the machine of special disposal medical waste: high-temperature incinerator, i.e. medical waste Incinerator, such as the grate formula incinerator in the U.S.；The Circulation fluidized-bed furnace of Japan, Spain, France, Germany；Canadian fire grate Furnace；Revolving burner and the medical waste revolution grate furnace of the country of Switzerland etc.；But this processing mode still cannot will be medical The toxicity of rubbish completely eliminates, and the generation of dioxin can not still solve；Simultaneously as high temperature and the tar that generates easily block Furnace tubes produce very big influence to the maintenance of equipment.

Summary of the invention

According to background above content, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery and Gao Wenre Processing system is solved, to achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions: a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery and height Warm pyrolysis treatment systems comprising: classified collection device, artificial separation platform, high-temperature sterilization unit, primary comminution device, machine Tool sorting unit, secondary grinding device, high temperature pyrolysis processing unit, gas cleaning plant, gas collector, wherein each device Between by transmission band connection.

The system passes through classified collection device, artificial separation platform, high-temperature sterilization unit, primary comminution device, machinery Sorting unit, secondary grinding device, high temperature pyrolysis processing unit is by the metal in the medical waste being selected into, glass, the nothings such as sandstone Machine object is separated, and organic waste is cracked into the flammable low molecular weight gas of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide etc at high temperature Substance, there are also the solid residues such as the liquid products such as tar, solvent naphtha and carbon black.

The classified collection device can use categorised collection case, by the rubbish of separate sources according to different type separate collection And be stored in different containers, the classified collection device is placed in each rubbish source of medical institutions.

Rubbish in the categorised collection device sub-elects the part rubbish suitable for this system processing by artificial separation platform Rubbish puts into selected rubbish in high-temperature sterilization processing unit, and the high-temperature sterilization processing unit connects a steam hair Raw device and gas cooling purifying device.

Wherein, artificial separation platform will mainly be used for rubbish handled by this system and pick out in classified collection device, The medical waste raw material of this system processing is mainly waste plastics, cullet, broken ceramics, metal fillings, crumb shredded paper class, sawdust, Debris, the larger molecular organics such as swill and fiber substance are that cannot use this system for some other particular matter Come what is handled, such as: pathologic waste, radioactive substance, various chemical reagent, discarded drug, histoorgan, infectious Pathogen or the waste for adhering to infectious pathogen, it is possible to adhere to these rubbish such as waste of infectious pathogen Ying Yi It is individually handled on the basis of being collected separately according to pertinent regulations and usual way.

The primary comminution device is tentatively crushed the rubbish after high-temperature process, and the grinding device is in sealing Under the conditions of pulverization process is carried out to the rubbish.

The mechanical sorting device includes: the magnetic separator for separating the magnetic metal in rubbish；It will be relatively light in rubbish Substance, be mainly fiber and macromolecule organic and heavier substance, be mainly metal, sandstone and glass substance The winnowing machine separated；Rubbish is isolated to the weight of the lighter organic matter of density and the heavier inorganic matter of density by density variation Power jigging machine；The division of labor sorting platform, magnetic separator, winnowing machine, gravity jigging machine are sequentially connected, adjacent to pass through biography between the two Send band connection.

It sorts out organic matter rubbish and second of crushing of progress in secondary grinding device is transferred to by conveyer belt, make rubbish Partial size be less than 2mm；The metal sorted out, sandstone, the inorganic matters such as glass, which then pass through conveyer belt and are delivered to collector, to be waited for into one Step processing.

The high temperature pyrolysis processing unit includes:

Heating device, pyrolytic reaction device, tar well, pyrolysis gas purify collection device, entire machine control device；

The heating device includes: burner (1), heating furnace (2), thermocouple (4), (5), the heat in the pyrolytic reaction device Solution reactor 3 is made of heat-resistant steel, and 1150 DEG C of heatproof；Pyrolysis gas passes sequentially through the cooling of chimney cooler 7 and collects tar, then leads to The sour gas remover 11 for filling alkaline solution is crossed, with the equipment at anticorrosion rear portion, later by gas flowmeter 12, finally It accesses pyrolysis gas and recycles collector 15.

The entire machine control device includes burner control, and temperature control, cooling water control, burner, which controls, mainly to be had certainly Superpressure, the undervoltage protection device of dynamic igniter, flame-out protection device, air and combustion gas, the ratio control device of air fuel gas Deng.

The gas that the system is drawn successively passes through tar filter, gas-drying apparatus and active carbon filter, in tar Filter filters out tar and other impurities；By gas-drying apparatus, the vapor containing band in gas is removed, can be guaranteed in this way The sample gas more dried；Most afterwards through active carbon filter, the impurity that contains in adsorbed gas.

The high temperature pyrolysis processing unit is that macromolecular substances are cracked into hydrogen, first at high temperature under oxygen-free environment The flammable lower-molecular substance of alkane, carbon monoxide etc, there are also the solid residues such as the liquid products such as tar, solvent naphtha and carbon black；Heat The combustible gas that solution generates is stored with special storage device；The glass that this system will sort out, the inorganic matters such as sandstone with And rubbish organic matter during pyrolytic gasification is converted to available form of energy, generates combustion gas, tar or half coke-like object, it can To be used according to different needs.

Beneficial effect

1, this system first passes through mechanical mode and is classified according to the material property of medical waste to rubbish, then again to difference The rubbish of type is handled, and by this system, can be compared with utility in this kind of medical waste of realization of limits It recycles, facilitates the waste for reducing resource.

2, high temperature pyrolysis processing has the characteristics that minimizing degree is high, secondary pollution is small and energy recovery rate is high, rubbish warp Pyrolytic gasification is crossed, converts combustible gas, oil and carbon black for the organic matter in rubbish, change rubbish is the available energy；Rubbish is It decomposes under anoxic conditions, capacity is few, big to harmful components such as sulphur, heavy metals in the small rubbish of the secondary pollution of atmospheric environment Part is fixed in carbon black, and waste reduction is more.

3, since conventional incineration processing uses oxygen-enriched combusting, it is easy to a large amount of dioxin is generated, even if vent gas treatment It is difficult to be removed, and pyrolytic gasification process carries out under anoxic conditions, it is suppressed that the generation of dioxin, so pyrolysismethod ratio A possibility that conventional incineration method generation dioxin, is much smaller, and burning is oxy combustion, and product is mainly carbon dioxide and hydrogen； And used in this system it is high temperature pyrolysis facture, high temperature pyrolysis is under oxygen-free environment, and macromolecular substances are split at high temperature The flammable lower-molecular substance of Xie Weiru hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide etc, there are also the liquid products such as tar, solvent naphtha and carbon blacks Etc. solid residues；Secondly, burning process heat release, and be pyrolyzed and need to absorb heat；Again, the heat for burning generation can only be sharp nearby With for power generation or heat supply；And the combustible gas generated is pyrolyzed convenient for storage and long-distance sand transport.

Detailed description of the invention

The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery and high temperature pyrolysis processing system proposed by the present invention Figure.

Fig. 2 is the high temperature pyrolysis apparatus structure original of medical garbage sorting recovery of the present invention and high temperature pyrolysis processing system Reason figure.

Fig. 3 is that the structure of steam generator in medical garbage sorting recovery of the present invention and high temperature pyrolysis processing system is shown It is intended to.

Description of symbols: 1. burners, 2. heating furnaces, 3. pyrolysis reactors, 4,5. thermocouples, 6. is automatically controlled Cabinet, 7. coolers, 8. tar wells, 9. air switches, 10. cyclic water tanks, 11. sour gas absorbers, 12,21. gas flowmeter, 13. gas samplers, 14. water circulating pumps, 15. pyrolysis gas collectors, 16. liquefaction stones Oil gas bottle, 17,20. pressure gauges, 18,22. solenoid valves, 19. GAS/AIR Proportional regulating valves, 23. combustion fans.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.

Medical garbage sorting recovery of the present invention and high temperature pyrolysis processing system structural schematic diagram are referring to Fig. 1, knot Structure specifically includes that classified collection device, artificial separation platform, high-temperature sterilization unit, primary comminution device, mechanical sorting device, Secondary grinding device, high temperature pyrolysis processing unit, pyrolysis gas purifying processing device, pyrolysis gas collection device；The categorised collection Device is placed in each rubbish source of medical institutions, and the rubbish that separate waste collection device is collected is transported to artificial separation by garbage truck Platform, the classified collection device can use categorised collection case, by the rubbish of separate sources according to different type separate collection And be stored in different containers, this assorting process can carry out during the generation of rubbish, for classified collection device In different types of medical waste stored using different container.

Artificial separation platform is classified according to different types of medical waste by its processing mode, is sub-elected and is suitable for this The part rubbish of system processing, the medical waste raw material of this system processing are mainly the rubbish without specially treated requirement, such as: useless modeling Material, cullet, broken ceramics, metal fillings, crumb shredded paper class, sawdust, debris, the larger molecular organics such as swill and fiber Substance cannot handle some other substance for having specially treated requirement with this system, such as: pathologic is discarded Object, radioactive substance, various chemical reagent, discarded drug, histoorgan, infectious pathogen or the infectious cause of disease of adherency The waste of body, it is possible to which adhering to these rubbish such as waste of infectious pathogen should exist according to pertinent regulations and usual way It is individually handled on the basis of being collected separately；

The specific implementation process of this system are as follows: the rubbish being selected into is put into high-temperature sterilization unit first and is carried out at high-temperature sterilization Reason, the steam generator input 138 DEG C ~ 160 DEG C of steam into the sterilization tank of the high-temperature sterilization unit, and pressure rises to 4 ~ 8 atmospheric pressure, retention time are 20 ~ 50 minutes, and high-temperature sterilization treated rubbish inputs preliminary grinding device by pipeline, goes out High-temperature steam in bacterium tank then enters gas cooling purification device and carries out cooling and purifying processing, and then by high-temperature sterilization, treated Rubbish is tentatively crushed, and smashed rubbish enters mechanical sorting device and sorted, and the sorting unit includes: by rubbish In the magnetic separator separated of magnetic metal；It is mainly fiber and macromolecule organic by substance lighter in rubbish, and Heavier substance is mainly the winnowing machine that metal, sandstone and glass substance are separated；Rubbish is separated by density variation The gravity jigging machine of the lighter organic matter of density and the heavier inorganic matter of density out；It can will be selected by the mechanical sorting device In the rubbish entered compared with organic matter and heavier inorganic matter separation, the organic matter isolated is mainly that some fibre and macromolecule have Machine object can be used as the raw material of further pyrolysis processing；The inorganic matter isolated is mainly the substances such as metal, glass, sandstone, can be with It is further processed as recycling substance.

During pyrolytic reaction, shape, the size of material will affect the heat and mass transfer process in pyrolysis reactor 3, relationship To heating rate and final pyrolysis reactor 3 pyrolysis temperature achieved, material scale is too big, and external thermal resistance can reduce, be conducive to pair Stream heat exchange, in order to keep pyrolytic reaction more abundant, the organic matter isolated needs are further crushed: it is described isolate it is organic Object garbage raw material enters secondary grinding device by conveyer belt and is further crushed, its partial size is made to be less than 2mm；When pyrolytic reaction Material be pyrolyzed in pyrolysis reactor 3 completely whether it is related with the residence time of material, pyrolysis installation brings into operation to heating To specified pyrolysis temperature, the decomposition of material, the regular hour is required, residence time deficiency material cannot be pyrolyzed completely, be stopped Overlong time can be such that the processing capacity of system declines, therefore according to the amount of rubbish per treatment, be controlled by entire machine control device The time heated every time guarantees that rubbish per treatment is pyrolyzed completely, and the entire machine control device includes power control cabinet 6, control Include: burner control, temperature control, cooling water control, burner control mainly has an automatic ignition, blowout protection, air and The superpressure of the superpressure of combustion gas, under-voltage protection, the proportion adjustment etc. of air fuel gas, air and combustion gas, under-voltage protection are mainly to be System provides safety guarantee, and the effect of air fuel gas ratio adjusting valve is when guaranteeing that heating power changes, and burner is in always to be filled The state of divided combustion.

The attachment structure schematic diagram of the high temperature pyrolysis processing unit referring to fig. 2, specifically includes that heating device, pyrolysis Reaction unit, tar well, pyrolysis gas purify collection device, entire machine control device；The heating device includes: burner 1, Heating furnace 2, thermocouple 4,5, the pyrolytic reaction device include pyrolysis reactor 3, and the pyrolysis reactor 3 is by heat-resisting steel At 1150 DEG C of heatproof；Vapor is added into pyrolysis container when pyrolytic reaction is steadily carried out, improves material and is pyrolyzed effect, water Steam generator is stainless steel making, and major part is that there are two the hermetically sealed can exported, the specific structures of steam evaporator for band Referring to Fig. 3, wherein clear water is added, water boiling is made by heating, a large amount of vapor is generated, is used for pyrolytic reaction；Pass through reaction When vapor is added, vapor reacts with coke, generate " water-gas ", it is possible to reduce the quality of carbon residue makes material more Thoroughly pyrolysis；The vapor additionally incorporated can also react with the tar of high temperature, and making coal tar, also further pyrolysis becomes Fuel gas also mitigates the amount for condensing tar in pipeline, effectively alleviates pipeline while keeping pyrolysis effect more ideal The problem of blocking；Pyrolysis gas passes sequentially through the cooling of chimney cooler 7 and collects tar by tar well 8, then by filling The sour gas remover 11 of alkaline solution finally accesses pyrolysis gas and recycles collector 15, institute later by gas flowmeter 12 Stating high temperature pyrolysis processing unit is that macromolecular substances are cracked into hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide at high temperature under oxygen-free environment Etc flammable lower-molecular substance, there are also the solid residues such as the liquid products such as tar, solvent naphtha and carbon black；Pyrolysis generates flammable Gas after purified treatment with special storage device by being stored.

Pyrolytic reaction device shown in 2 with reference to the accompanying drawings, the specific control process of the pyrolytic reaction are as follows: when pyrolysis starts, The heating tape 25 on starting cooling water cycle water pump 14 and gas conduit is controlled by entire machine control device, works as cycle water energy Enough steady flows, and after gas conduit is heated to suitable temperature, generally 200 DEG C or so, heating furnace 2 is lighted a fire, igniting When, by air quantity setting in furnace in smaller flow, with more stable in furnace when guarantee igniting；At the same time, equably by wind in furnace Amount tunes up, and pyrolysis reactor 3 is enable to be brought rapidly up to 600 DEG C, beginning high-efficiency thermal decomposition material, in reaction process, material pyrolysis The rate for generating gas, is having certain fluctuation at first, at unstable state, is being adjusted by device tail end venting valve Deflation rate is controlled, to guarantee that the operating pressure substantially constant of system is maintained at 3 ~ 5k Pa, when pyrolytic reaction carries out a period of time Afterwards, pyrolysis gas yield enters stable state substantially, and gas production is big at this time, steady air current, and there is no need to adjust for pressure regulating valve；Heat After solution is reacted into the stabilization sub stage, start that vapor is added into pyrolysis container, it is therefore an objective to which the quality that can reduce carbon residue makes object Expect more thorough pyrolysis.

The heating furnace is gas type heating stove, and pyrolysis gas passes sequentially through the cooling of chimney cooler 7 and collected by tar Device 8 collects tar, then the sour gas remover 11 by filling alkaline solution, it is therefore an objective to which filtering solid particles simultaneously absorb pyrolysis Sour gas in gas, later by gas flowmeter 12, finally accesses pyrolysis gas collector 15 with the equipment at anticorrosion rear portion, The devices such as pressure gauge 17,20, gas sample collector 13 are also provided in system, in order to detect pyrolysis gas ingredient and combustion gas and The air pressure of air input.

The gas that the system is drawn successively passes through tar filter, gas-drying apparatus and active carbon filter；Pass through coke Oil strainer filters out tar and other impurities；By gas-drying apparatus, the vapor containing band in gas is removed, can be protected in this way Demonstrate,prove the gas more dried；Finally pass through active carbon filter, the impurity contained in adsorbed gas guarantees the clean of gas Only.

The present invention tentatively selects this system master medical waste to be processed by classified collection device and artificial separation platform Raw material；High-temperature sterilization processing is carried out to these garbage raw materials by high-temperature sterilization unit again；Lead to magnetic separator, winnowing machine, gravity again Jigging machine classifies to rubbish, the magnetic metal separated, aluminium, glass, and sandstone etc. can be handled by department of recovery, realizes this The recycling of utility in class medical waste, the higher rubbish of other content of organics separated is then by high warm Solution processing, is converted to available form of energy；This system helps to reduce the waste of resource, has minimizing degree height, two It is secondary to pollute the small and high feature of energy recovery rate.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: the system passes through categorised collection Device, artificial separation platform, high-temperature sterilization unit, primary comminution device, mechanical sorting device, secondary grinding device, Gao Wenre Processing unit, gas purification treating device and gas collector are solved, wherein connecting between each device by conveyer belt or pipeline.

2. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: institute Classified collection device is stated using categorised collection case, the rubbish of separate sources according to different type separate collection and is stored in difference Container in, the classified collection device is placed in each rubbish source of medical institutions.

3. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 2 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: institute The rubbish stated in categorised collection device is tentatively sorted by artificial separation platform, and selected rubbish is put into high-temperature sterilization In processing unit, the high-temperature sterilization processing unit connects a steam generator and gas cooling purifying device.

4. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 3 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: right Pathologic waste or radioactive substance or various chemical reagent or discarded drug or histoorgan or infectious pathogen Or the waste of adherency infectious pathogen is transported through collection and processing.

5. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: institute It states primary comminution device tentatively to be crushed the rubbish after high-temperature process, the grinding device is under sealed conditions to institute It states rubbish and carries out pulverization process.

6. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: institute Stating mechanical sorting device includes: magnetic separator, winnowing machine and gravity jigging machine, and wherein magnetic separator is used for the magnetic metal in rubbish It separates；Winnowing machine is used for the separation of light materials in rubbish and heavy substance, and light materials are mainly that fiber and macromolecule are organic Object, heavy substance are mainly metal, sandstone and glass；Gravity jigging machine is used to rubbish isolating density by density variation lighter Organic matter and the heavier inorganic matter of density；The artificial separation platform, magnetic separator, winnowing machine, gravity jigging machine are sequentially connected, phase It is adjacent to pass through transmission band connection between the two.

7. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 6 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: point It elects organic matter rubbish and second of crushing of progress in secondary grinding device is transferred to by conveyer belt, be less than the partial size of rubbish 2mm；Metal, sandstone, the glass sorted out is delivered to collector by conveyer belt and waits being further processed.

8. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that:

The high temperature pyrolysis processing unit includes: heating device, pyrolytic reaction device, tar well, pyrolysis gas purification collection Device and entire machine control device；

Wherein, the heating device includes: burner (1), heating furnace (2), thermocouple (4), (5), the pyrolytic reaction device In pyrolysis reactor (3) be made of heat-resistant steel, 1150 DEG C of heatproof；Pyrolysis gas passes sequentially through chimney cooler (7) cooling and leads to It crosses tar well (8) and collects tar, then the sour gas remover (11) by filling alkaline solution, with anticorrosion rear portion Equipment finally accesses pyrolysis gas recycling collector (15) later by gas flowmeter；

The entire machine control device is power control cabinet (6) comprising burner control, temperature control and cooling water control, burner Control is equipped with automatic ignition controller, blowout protection control device, air and the superpressure of combustion gas and under-voltage protection control device And the proportion adjustment control device of air fuel gas.

9. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 8 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: institute The gas for stating system extraction successively passes through tar filter, gas-drying apparatus and active carbon filter, filters out in tar filter Tar and impurity；By gas-drying apparatus, the vapor in gas is removed, dry gas is obtained；Finally pass through active carbon mistake Filter, the impurity in adsorbed gas, guarantees the cleaning of gas.

10. a kind of medical garbage sorting recovery according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis processing system, it is characterised in that: The high temperature pyrolysis processing unit is that macromolecular substances are cracked into hydrogen, methane, an oxidation at high temperature under oxygen-free environment Carbon, tar, solvent naphtha liquid product and carbon black solid residue；It is stored after being pyrolyzed the combustible gas purifying generated with storage device.