CN109736762A - Method for extracting shale oil and gas by in-situ catalytic oxidation of oil shale - Google Patents
Method for extracting shale oil and gas by in-situ catalytic oxidation of oil shale Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736762A CN109736762A CN201910219748.3A CN201910219748A CN109736762A CN 109736762 A CN109736762 A CN 109736762A CN 201910219748 A CN201910219748 A CN 201910219748A CN 109736762 A CN109736762 A CN 109736762A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZYLHAVGBZOOQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Ir] Chemical compound [Cr].[Ir] ZYLHAVGBZOOQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
A kind of method that oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation extracts shale oil gas, this method is: boring several mouthfuls of heat injection wells and producing well to targeted oil shale layer；The artificial seam of hydraulic fracturing is carried out using vertical shaft perforation or horizontal well of fetching water, and proppant and catalyst are pressed into the gap of underground by when seam with fracturing fluid, make proppant and catalyst full of entire pressure break area；Oil shale layer is heated to the mixed gas of oil shale layer injection heat by heat injection well, oil shale layer temperature is made to reach 190 DEG C；When oil shale layer temperature reaches a certain range, stops heating mixed gas, continue the mixed gas for being passed through room temperature to oil shale layer；Shale oil gas is exploited, is separated and is handled on ground；Invention increases the sphere of actions of catalyst, enhance the catalytic action effect of catalyst, and the heating temperature for reducing oil shale layer is；To improve the capacity usage ratio of oil shale in-situ exploitation and react the required time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil shale in-situ production technique, in particular to a kind of oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation extracts
The method of shale oil gas.
Background technique
The transformation technology of oil shale mainly includes earth's surface retorting technique and two kinds of ground in-situ transformation technology at present.
Earth's surface retorting technique, which refers to, carries out removing exploitation, conveying, processing, refinement from earth's surface or underground for oil shale mineral products
Process.Major way is that shale oil is produced in destructive distillation in gas retort, is further processed into light-end products and a variety of chemical industry produce
Product.Although this technology is highly developed, there are many problems, as capacity usage ratio is low, takes up a large area, cost
Height, environmental pollution is serious.
Ground in-situ transformation technology refers to directly heats the oil shale buried in underground in ground in-situ, then by output
Oil gas extraction carries out the process means of separation and deep processing to ground.The oil shale in-situ transformation technology compared with the retorting technique of ground
It is high that there are oil shale conversion rates, and occupied area is small, and environmental pollution is small, suitable for exploiting the oil shale resources etc. of deep layer, Gao Houdu
Advantage.But the converted in-situ of oil shale is there is no largely putting into production, wherein main two factors are oil shale in-situ heating
The heat for needing to add is at high cost and oil shale cracking reaction is slow.And it can make without a kind of heating technique of economic and reliable now
Temperature needed for heating process can reduce reaction, accelerates oil shale cracking reaction, reduces cost.Therefore, one kind can reduce
Minimum temperature needed for oil shale reacts, and the technology that can accelerate oil shale cracking reaction rate is necessary.
Oil shale in-situ physical heating position cracking technique more typical at present mainly includes three kinds: a, electric-heating technology；b,
Convective Heating technology；C, radiation and thermal technology.
ICP transformation technology applied by the Shell Oil Company is a kind of electric-heating technology.Heating is installed specifically in well
Stick promotes oil shale to crack using the heat that heating rod generates.There are some disadvantages for ICP technology, such as: the power of heating element
It is small；Temperature loss is big；Heating efficiency is low；The oil gas of generation is difficult to move, and the rate of recovery is more low.
Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan proposes a kind of Convective Heating technology.Group wells specifically is set on ground, after carrying out pressure burst communicatin
400~700 DEG C of high temperature hydrocarbon gas are passed through to oil shale layer, subterranean oil shale layer is heated with convection type, crack oil shale.
The method needs big calorimetric, and capacity usage ratio is lower and higher cost.
LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory (LLNL) proposes the technology using wireless radio frequency mode heating shale.
This technology belongs to radiation heating techniques, specifically is used to reinforce the heated body of subterranean oil shale in oil shale formation horizontal well drilling
Product, propagates in parallel electric wave in rock stratum, although this radio-frequency technique heating penetration power is strong, heating speed is very fast, its skill
Art difficulty is larger, expensive.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the hot at high cost and oil shale cracking that the heating of existing oil shale in-situ needs to add
Reaction is slowly and capacity usage ratio is low, the problems such as taking up a large area, is at high cost, environmental pollution is serious, and the one kind provided can
To reduce oil shale cracking minimum temperature, accelerates oil shale heating rate, reduce the oil shale in-situ of shale oil, gas cost of winning
The method of catalytic oxidation extraction shale oil gas.
This method mainly uses vertical shaft perforation or horizontal well to carry out the artificial seam of hydraulic fracturing, will be with special ratios
Proppant and catalyst are pressed into the crack of stratum with fracturing fluid together after mixing, make it full of entire pressure break area.Then
Oil shale is tentatively heated by injecting hot mixing gas.Heretofore described catalyst can not only reduce oil shale
Minimum temperature needed for cracking, may also speed up the rate of oil shale cracking reaction, while having no effect on the quality of shale oil.It should
Method is a kind of skill that oil shale in-situ cracking is carried out using the minimum temperature of catalyst degradation reaction and by autocatalyzed oxidation
The self-sufficiency and maximum utilization of the energy minimization and energy of oil shale cracking may be implemented in art.
The present invention is at least to bore 2 mouthfuls of drilling wells to be then passed through from a well to targeted oil shale layer to stratum injecting catalyst
The mixed gas of preheating makes gas that low temperature pyrolyzer occur under the action of catalyst with oil shale and reacts, generates the process of oil gas.
The present invention comprising the following specific steps
(1) several mouthfuls of heat injection wells and producing well are bored to targeted oil shale layer.
(2) vertical shaft perforation is utilized, or bores directional well, or using the through target reservoir of hydraulic jetting drilling-well, is carried out in well
The artificial seam of hydraulic fracturing, when seam, press proppant and catalyst according to certain volume than after mixing with fracturing fluid
Enter in the gap of underground, makes proppant and catalyst full of entire pressure break area.
(3) oil shale layer is heated to the mixed gas of oil shale layer injection heat by heat injection well, makes oil shale layer
Temperature reaches 190 DEG C.
(4) when oil shale layer temperature reaches a certain range, stop heating mixed gas, continue to be passed through to oil shale layer
The mixed gas of room temperature.
(5) mixed gas of circulation injection and the oil shale being preheated, occur under the catalytic action of the catalyst of embedment
Chemical reaction, oil shale are cracked to form oil gas product, exploit shale oil gas, are separated and handled on ground.
The pressure break mode can choose using vertical shaft perforation, or bore directional well, or carry out using hydraulic jetting drilling-well
Extensive hydraulic fracturing.The volume ratio of the catalyst and proppant is 1:1000 to 6:1000.
The catalyst is iridium and caesium content is the iridium caesium C catalyst of 4%~5% weight percent.
The catalyst or for iridium and chromium content be 4%~5% weight percent iridium chromium C catalyst.
The mixing gas component for heating oil shale layer is oxygen, nitrogen, (oil shale cracking produces hydrocarbon gas
It is raw), mixtures, the component of mixed gas such as hydrogen can be adjusted according to the needs of the different phase of reaction.
When the oil shale layer temperature is increased to 220 DEG C, stop heating mixed gas.
The oil shale in-situ that the present invention is suitable for different buried depth difference thickness is exploited；The present invention also can be applied to group simultaneously
In a variety of oil shale in-situ mining methods such as well exploitation, twin-well exploitation, individual well exploitation and horizontal wells.
The partial size of the catalyst is fields normal ranges, and the particle size range of proppant can be according to pressure break reality
Situation selection.
The hydrocarbon gas that oil shale cracking reaction initial stage generates in the present invention, methane, vapor etc. can be in iridium/chromium/carbon
Oxidation reaction occurs under the action of catalyst, minimum temperature needed for reducing oil shale cracking.
The minimum temperature that iridium caesium C catalyst or iridium chromium C catalyst used in the present invention can be such that oil shale cracks can
To be reduced to 190 DEG C.
The iridium caesium C catalyst or iridium chromium C catalyst that the present invention uses can act on quickening oil shale with mixed gas and split
The rate of solution, and increase the voidage inside oil shale.
The gas that cracking generates when oil shale layer preheats in the present invention is recycled into oily page after heating with mixed gas
Catalytic oxidation is participated in rock stratum.
By the percentage of control mixed gas in the present invention, flow, pressure and other parameters control formation temperature certain
Between temperature.
The high-temperature gas that oil shale cracking generates in the present invention can be recycled into new production zone by extraction, to new
Production zone heated, capacity usage ratio can be improved.
The present invention can be used for the solid-state of hyposmosis or solidifying state needs the mineral that heat, as oil shale in-situ exploitation,
Coal Gasification etc..
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
It is minimum needed for oil shale cracking that the present invention can be such that oil shale in-situ reduces under the effect of the catalyst when cracking
Temperature is reduced to 190 DEG C by 420 DEG C.Meanwhile catalyst may also speed up the reaction rate of oil shale cracking.To improve oily page
Time required for the capacity usage ratio of rock in-situ retorting and reaction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the twin-well exploitation pattern schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the horizontal wells pattern diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Refering to Figure 1, being the first embodiment of the present invention, well pattern is twin-well form, specific embodiment party
Formula is as follows:
Somewhere oil shale buried depth is 65m~75m, and average oil content is 6%, moisture content 4%, contains fixed carbon 21%, top
Plate and bottom plate are fine and close shale.Specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) it is drilled well:
A. it is distributed and moves towards according to oil shale, few a bite gas injection well 1 and producing well 2 are drilled into mesh using Advanced Drilling Technology
Mark oil shale layer depth is 77m, and gas injection well 1 and producing well 2 use identical well depth structure.
B. establish pressure break room in heat injection well 1, and in 66m~74m of the casing of heat injection well 1 section every one meter to producing well
Then 2 direction perforation carries out artificial seam by the huge discharge fracturing fluid with certain viscosity.Make heat injection well 1 and producing well 2
Between formed mixed gas, oil, the substances such as water can by channel.
C. the mixture of catalyst 11 and proppant 12 that volume ratio is 1:1000 is uniformly pressed into oil shale formation
In crack, make the two full of entire gap region.
D. the high temperature resistant cement pedestal of 80~120cm is poured in heat injection well 1 and 2 shaft bottom of producing well, and tripping in is resistant to high temperature
In stainless steel floral tube to cement base.Nanometer heat insulating material will be wrapped up on the coaxial sleeve of heat injection well 1 and producing well 2, for hindering
Only well interior conduit exchanges heat with the external world.
(2) ground installation is installed:
A. include air compressor machine 3 by ground installation, heat heat-exchanger rig 4, step cooler 5, oil water separator 6, heavy oil
Oil storage tank 7, three phase separator 8, light oil oil storage tank 9 and wastewater treatment equipment 13 connect.
B. the import by heater heat exchanger 4 with heat injection well 1 and step cooler 5 and the outlet of producing well 2 connect respectively
It picks up and, and be sealed.
C. one segment pipe of well head for heating heat-exchanger rig 4 to heat injection well 1 is carried out into Insulation.
(3) stage of reaction:
A. by the mixtures such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen by air compressor 3 compression after be passed through heat exchanger 4 into
Row heat exchange, heat exchanger outlet temperature are set as 230 DEG C, and hot mixing gas is transported to oil shale formation by heat injection well 1, to oily page
Rock, which carries out heating, makes oil shale layer temperature reach 190 DEG C.
B. continue to heat, when oil shale layer temperature reaches 220 DEG C, due to mixed gas under the action of catalyst and oily page
The catalytic oxidation that rock occurs carries out rapidly.At this point, can generate a large amount of methane, hydrocarbon gas passes through adjusting injection gas at this time
The pressure of body controls strata pressure in a certain range.The cracking of oil shale can release big calorimetric, this partial heat is sufficient
Enough oil shales continue to react.Therefore, stop the heating to mixed gas, start the gaseous mixture for injecting room temperature into stratum
Body.
C. when oil shale layer temperature continues to increase, by oil shale by the flow of control mixed gas, pressure and other parameters
Layer temperature control is at 450 DEG C~500 DEG C.
(4) it exploits oil gas and surface oil and gas handles work:
A. mixed gas enters stratum via heat injection well 1 and leads to producing well 2 by crack in entire heating process, due to sky
The mixed gas that the swabbing action underground of press 3 comes out successively passes through step cooler 5, oil water separator 6 and three phase separation
Device 8 turns again to compressor 3, is recycled back in stratum after compression again and participates in reaction.
B. by producing well recycle Lai oil gas carry out classification cooling through apparatus for supercooling 5.
C. mixture after cooling passes first into oily-water seperating equipment 6 and carries out water-oil separating, and the heavy-oil reservoir after separation exists
In heavy oil oil storage tank 7, remaining mixture continues to be passed through in three phase separator 8, and the light oil isolated is stored in light oil oil storage tank 9
In.
D. the gas that three phase separator 8 is isolated is heated after the compression of compressor 3 by mixing again by purification and is passed through
Stratum re-uses.
E. the waste water isolated in step c and step d carries out uniform effluent after the processing of wastewater treatment equipment 13 again, with
Exempt to cause environmental pollution.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 2, is the second embodiment of the present invention, shale oil gas is exploited in the form of horizontal well, it is specific real
It is as follows to apply mode:
Somewhere oil shale depth is 78m~86m, and the oil content that is averaged is 10%, and moisture content 4% contains fixed carbon 21%,
Top plate and bottom plate are fine and close shale.Specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) it is drilled well:
A. two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells are bored in oil shale layer using Advanced Drilling Technology, a bite heat injection well 3 and a bite producing well 8, two
The depth of saliva horizontal well is mutually all 82m, and well spacing is 25 meters.
B. pressure break room is established in heat injection well 3, is advised greatly from the horizontal direction of heat injection well 3 to 8 horizontal direction of producing well
The artificial seam of mould hydraulic fracturing.Make to form the substances such as mixed gas, oil, water between heat injection well water horizontal well 3 and producing well horizontal well 8
Can by channel.
C. the mixture of catalyst 15 and proppant 16 that volume ratio is 4:1000 is uniformly pressed into oil shale formation
In crack, make the two full of entire gap region.
D. vertical shaft and horizontal well use advanced completion technique.
(2) ground installation is installed:
A. include air compressor machine 1 by ground installation, heat heat-exchanger rig 2, step cooler 9, oil water separator 10, heavy oil
Oil storage tank 11, three phase separator 12, light oil oil storage tank 13 and wastewater treatment equipment 14 are connected according to correct connection type.
B. the import by heater heat exchanger 2 with heat injection well 3 and step cooler 9 and the outlet of producing well 8 connect respectively
It picks up and, and be sealed.
B. heating heat-exchanger rig 2 to 3 well head of heat injection well, one segment pipe is carried out into Insulation.
(3) stage of reaction:
A. by the mixtures such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen by air compressor 1 compression after be passed through heat exchanger 2 into
Row heat exchange, heat exchanger outlet temperature are set as 230 DEG C, and hot mixing gas is transported to oil shale formation by heat injection well, to oily page
Rock, which carries out heating, makes oil shale layer temperature reach 190 DEG C.
B. continue to heat, when oil shale layer temperature reaches 210 DEG C, due to mixed gas under the action of catalyst and oily page
The catalytic oxidation that rock occurs carries out rapidly.At this point, can generate a large amount of methane, hydrocarbon gas passes through adjusting injection gas at this time
The pressure of body controls strata pressure in a certain range.The cracking of oil shale can release big calorimetric, this partial heat is sufficient
Enough oil shales continue to react.Therefore, stop the heating to mixed gas, start the gaseous mixture for injecting room temperature into stratum
Body.
C. when oil shale layer temperature continues to increase, by oil shale by the flow of control mixed gas, pressure and other parameters
Layer temperature control is at 450 DEG C~500 DEG C.
(4) it exploits oil gas and surface oil and gas handles work:
A. mixed gas enters stratum via heat injection well 3 and leads to producing well 8 by crack in entire heating process, due to sky
The mixed gas that the swabbing action underground of press 1 comes out successively passes through step cooler 9, oil water separator 10 and three phase separation
Device 12 turns again to compressor 1, is recycled back in stratum after compression again and participates in reaction.
B. by producing well 8 recycle Lai oil gas carry out classification cooling by step cooler 9.
C. mixture after cooling passes first into oily-water seperating equipment 10 and carries out water-oil separating, and the heavy-oil reservoir after separation exists
In heavy oil oil storage tank 11, remaining mixture continues to be passed through in three phase separator 12, and the light oil isolated is stored in light oil oil storage tank
In 14.
D. the gas that three phase separator 12 is isolated is heated after the compression of compressor 1 by mixing again by purification and is passed through
Stratum re-uses.
E. the waste water isolated in step c and step d carries out uniform effluent after the processing of wastewater treatment equipment 13 again, with
Exempt to cause environmental pollution.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation extracts shale oil gas, it is characterised in that: at least bore 2 mouthfuls of drilling wells to mesh
It marks oil shale layer and is then passed through the mixed gas of preheating from a well to stratum injecting catalyst, urging gas and oil shale
Agent effect is lower to occur low temperature pyrolyzer reaction, generates the process of oil gas.
2. a kind of method that oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation extracts shale oil gas as defined in claim 1, specific
Step are as follows:
(1) several mouthfuls of heat injection wells and producing well are bored to targeted oil shale layer；
(2) hydraulic fracturing is carried out using vertical shaft perforation or horizontal well of fetching water, catalyst is injected into oil shale layer；
(3) oil shale layer is heated to the mixed gas of oil shale layer injection heat by heat injection well, makes oil shale and mixing
Under the action of oil shale cracking reaction occurs for gas；
(4) when oil shale layer temperature reaches a certain range, stop heating mixed gas, continue to be passed through room temperature to oil shale layer
Mixed gas；
(5) shale oil gas is exploited, is separated and is handled on ground.
3. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 extracts shale oil gas, feature exist
In: proppant and catalyst are pressed into the gap of underground according to volume ratio with fracturing fluid after mixing when pressure break, make to support
Agent and catalyst are full of entire pressure break area.
4. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 extracts shale oil gas, special
Sign is: the volume ratio of the catalyst and proppant is 1:1000 to 6:1000；
5. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 extracts shale oil gas, special
Sign is: the catalyst is iridium and caesium content is the iridium caesium C catalyst of 4%~5% weight percent；Described urges
Agent or for iridium and chromium content be 4%~5% weight percent iridium chromium C catalyst.
6. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ catalytic oxidation as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 extracts shale oil gas, special
Sign is: the minimum pyrolysis temperature of oil shale can be reduced to 190 DEG C under the effect of the catalyst.
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| CN110469306A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-19 | 邓惠荣 | Coal seam oil reservoir underground detonation direction and location crack gas injection produces gas method |
| CN110578508A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-17 | 邓惠荣 | Horizontal well one-well multi-mining combined coal bed gas mining and coal gasification method |
| CN111963128A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Micro-fracturing steam pyrolysis viscosity reduction method for oil shale vertical well and double horizontal well group |
| CN112412430A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-26 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for underground in-situ pyrolysis of coal |
| CN112901130A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Shale reservoir in-situ steam injection circulation heating exploitation method |
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| WO2023078085A1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-11 | 吉林大学 | Self-heating in-situ conversion development method for medium- and low-maturity organic matter-rich shale |
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Application publication date: 20190510 |