CN109717023A

CN109717023A - A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat

Info

Publication number: CN109717023A
Application number: CN201811652643.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄冬琳; 刘苡轩; 刘金山
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2018-12-29
Filing date: 2018-12-29
Publication date: 2019-05-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods for producing zinc-rich wheat, principally fall into crop planting technical field.Specifically includes the following steps: the implantation methods of green manuring rotation production zinc-rich wheat include site preparation, sowing, leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over and rear stubble winter wheat sowing, harvest.This wheat planting method is using green manuring rotation and applies zinc fertilizer before Wheat Sowing, help to improve soil fertility, constant rate of production and effectively improves wheat Zn content, to improve the zinc nutrition quality of wheat, increases the economic benefit of grower.

Description

A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat

Technical field

The present invention principally falls into crop planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich is small The method of wheat.

Background technique

Zinc is to maintain the indispensable necessary nutrient of human health, participates in Physiology and biochemistry mistake important in growth and development Journey.Human body zinc-deficiency can cause a series of serious health problems.China's wheat planting area accounts for about the 1/4 of the crops gross area, It is the staple food of most parts of the north especially poverty-stricken area resident, due to the regional soil zinc-deficiency, the wheat Zn content of production Average to be far below 40mg/kg recommendation content less than 20mg/kg, human body zinc nutrition shortage generally occurs.

Northern China wheat main producing region is mainly distributed on calacareous soil area.The high pH of calacareous soil, high-carbon phosphate content, The factors such as the soil organism is low, soil moisture is few seriously affect Soil zinc availability, even if the method by applying zinc fertilizer, application Zinc by soil fixing, can not effectively increase wheat Zn content quickly.

Make within 1 year one or two Nian Sanzuo are the main cropping patterns in Guanzhong, Shanxi and Weihe north grain producing region, but this area is native The topsoil content of organic matter is generally lower in earth, generally in the left and right 1% (10g/kg), belongs to the lower area of soil fertility, and Grain-production heavy dependence chemical fertilizer is put at present, generally existing with fertile excessive phenomenon, be easy to cause assessing index.

Green manure is one of important organic fertilizer of Chinese tradition, is a kind of nutrient completely biological source of manure.Green manure can increase Add the soil organism, culture fertility improves soil Drafting Ability, enriches plant nutrient, promotes soil beneficial microorganism Activity is conducive to retain water and nutrients, increases permeability.Country proposes the target of the year two thousand twenty Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied at present, utilizes the not busy phase in summer Green manuring can fertilizing soil, increase fertility of land and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer.Green manure is one of important organic fertilizer of Chinese tradition, It is a kind of nutrient completely biological source of manure.Green manure can improve soil Drafting Ability with culture fertility, enrich plant nutrient, Promote the activity of soil beneficial microorganism, be conducive to retain water and nutrients, increases permeability.It is that land used is increased soil fertility, improves soil physical chemistry The effective measures of shape.So having special role to increasing soil fertility in Development of Northwest China green manure.

Summary of the invention

It is low for Guanzhong, Shanxi and Wei and Lo river Available Zn content in soil, the not high problem of wheat seed Zn content, this hair It is bright that a kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat is provided.The present invention is turned over green by plantation leguminous plant green manure Fertilizer applies the method for zinc fertilizer before Wheat Sowing, can Study on Fertilizing dryland soil, improve Available Zn content in soil, be substantially improved small Wheat Zn content in grains.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat, including site preparation, sowing green manure, green manure are turned over, are applied before Wheat Sowing Zinc and sowing step, the green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat method is specifically: after preceding last month of winter harvesting wheat, losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil Leguminous green manure is sowed, the leguminous greenmanuring crop of sowing is soybean varieties, it is long to full-bloom stage to the leguminous green manure, it will be described Pulse family is smashed using straw counters-field set and is turned over as green manure；

Further, the kind of leguminous greenmanuring crop is rye beans.

Further, the green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat method specific steps are as follows:

(1) site preparation: site preparation is carried out after preceding stubble winter wheat harvest, without fertilising.Land fertility is especially low, applies 35~45 per acre Kilogram calcium superphosphate.

(2) it sows: at the beginning of the leguminous green manure sowing time is late June~7 month, drilling or no-tillage hard stubble live streaming；

(3) leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over: when the leguminous greenmanuring crop grows to full-bloom stage, 25~35 days before Wheat Sowing, by it Returning to the field is turned over straw counters-field set (grass-mowing machine) chopping original place；

(4) stubble winter wheat sowing afterwards: Winter Wheat Planted applies conventional amount used nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, applies ZnSO₄·7H₂O base manure, dosage 15kg Zn/ hectares.

Further, step (1) site preparation turns over stubble-cleaning using rotary cultivator.

Further, when seeding method is drilling in step (2), line-spacing 17-20cm, 3~5cm of seed level.

Further, when seeding method is drilling in step (2), rye beans application rate is 8~10 kgs/acre, and line-spacing is 20cm, 3~5cm of seed level.

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention:

(1) present invention, which turns over green manure by plantation, can significantly improve the Wheat Growing Soils content of organic matter 10%, nitrate nitrogen content 10- 20%；

(2) leguminous green manure decay process can reduce soil to the fixing of zinc fertilizer, and absorption of the stubble wheat to zinc after promotion increases small Each organ Zn content of wheat reaches 20%-80%.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is a kind of method schematic diagram of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat.

Specific embodiment: to make the purpose of invention, technical solution and being a little more clearly understood, below with reference to implementation Example is described in detail to of the invention further, exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, and Not as the restriction to explanation.

Embodiment 1

Low for Shaanxi Province's Wei and Lo river wheat Zn content, this example leguminous green manure and wheat crop rotation produce zinc-rich wheat Method, it is experimental field that 2016-2017 supports Production of Winter Wheat head of district Wu Shili paving village to choose 20 mu of wheatlands in Shaanxi rain.Soil has Machine matter content 12.9g/kg, total nitrogen content 0.82g/kg, DTPA-Zn content 0.44mg/kg, pH8.5.

Field experiment sets three processing, CK (spare time in summer phase vacant lot, do not plant green manure and wheat does not apply zinc), CK+Zn (phase spare time in summer altogether Vacant lot does not plant green manure but winter wheat zinc), green manuring rotation (summer spare time phase green manure and wheat crop rotation and apply zinc).Each processing repeats 3 It is secondary, random district's groups arrangement.

Local suitable one rye beans of soybean varieties are selected, are sowed after late June~the beginning of July harvesting wheat, in 10 months Ten days harvest, plant height 60-70cm, leaf color is dark green, pale purple flower, breeding time 120 days, seed be black kidney shape, 100-grain weight 8.8~ 10.0g。

This method uses following steps:

(1) at the beginning of by the end of June~7 month, it is not later than July 3, entropy sowing leguminous green manure is robbed in wheat harvest, and the grab moisture sowing is that take advantage of soil wet Sowing in time when profit turns over stubble-cleaning using rotary cultivator.Type of seeding is drilling, the amount of broadcasting be 8~10 kilograms per acre, line-spacing 18-20 Centimetre, 3~5 centimetres of depth.Type of seeding of the invention can guarantee the emergence rate of green manure, per hectare Basic Seedling about 750,000.

(2) legume turns over: growing to full-bloom stage that is, at the beginning of late August~September to leguminous green manure and (is beaten using straw counters-field set Careless machine) by overground part chopping original place turn over returning to the field, it is ensured that 25~35 days returning to the field decompositions before Wheat Sowing provide feeding for rear stubble wheat Point.

(3) stubble wheat cultivation afterwards: after planting stubble winter wheat, base manure include nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer by the end of September.Nitrogen, phosphorus dosage are N160 kg/ha of local conventional amount used, P₂O₅Double centner/hectare, zinc fertilizer dosage are 15 kg/ha of Zn.

(4) harvesting wheat, storage: harvesting wheat is according to local peasant household's mode, harvester harvesting, seed pack storage.

As a result

Examples detailed above 1 carries out sample prescription the yield by estimation and acquires wheat samples, analyzes Zn content, institute with atomic absorption spectrometry Result is obtained as shown in table 1:

1 leguminous green manure of table-wheat wheel makees the influence to wheat yield and each organ Zn content

From table 1 it follows that it is compared to summer leisure-wheat crop rotation (CK) processing, summer leisure-winter wheat zinc processing (CK+Zn) it only can increase each organ Zn content 2.6%-6.1% of wheat, green manuring rotation of the present invention is simultaneously applied zinc processing and can be effectively improved Each organ Zn content 22.4~36.5% of wheat.

The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.

Claims

1. a method of green manure-wheat rotation to produce zinc-rich wheat, the method of described green manure-wheat rotation to produce zinc-rich wheat comprises land preparation, sowing, green manure overturning and returning to the field, and subsequent wheat fertilization, sowing, harvesting steps, which It is characterized in that, its specific method is: after the previous winter wheat is harvested, the legume green manure is sown for moisture content, and the leguminous green manure is rye beans. Turn over and return to the field as green manure.

2. the method for a kind of leguminous green manure-wheat rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps that described green manure-wheat rotation produces zinc-enriched wheat comprises:

(1) Land preparation: timely land preparation after the previous crop of winter wheat is harvested;

(2) sowing: sowing leguminous green manure, the sowing time of described leguminous green manure crops is the middle and late June of each year, and the sowing method is the one in drill seeding or no-tillage hard stubble sowing;

(3) Leguminous green manure is turned over and returned to the field: the mode of the described green manure is to be directly turned over and returned to the field by the legume green manure in the full bloom period, and cultivated and cultivated, and the turning time is 25-25% before the sowing of the following winter wheat. 30 days;

(4) sowing of the following winter wheat: apply zinc fertilizer ZnSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O before winter wheat sowing, and the amount is 15kg Zn/ha, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers adopts the amount of local farmers;

(5) Wheat harvest: harvesting, threshing and storage by harvester.

3. a kind of green manure-wheat rotation method according to claim 2 to produce zinc-enriched wheat, is characterized in that, in step (1) soil preparation step, use rotary tiller to plough and eliminate stubble.

4. the method for a kind of green manure-wheat rotation to produce zinc-rich wheat according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), green manure sowing mode is drill seeding, and seeding rate is 8～10 kilograms, and every mu row spacing is 20 centimeters, 3 to 5 cm in depth.

5. a kind of green manure-wheat rotation according to claim 2 produces the method for zinc-enriched wheat, it is characterized in that, in step (3) in step (3) leguminous green manure crop overburden process, use grass threshing machine or straw returning machine, will The green manure plants are crushed, and then the crushed straw is mixed with 0-15cm of ploughing soil using a rotary tiller.

6. a kind of green manure-wheat rotation according to claim 2 produces the method for zinc-enriched wheat, it is characterized in that, before step (4) winter wheat sowing and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer, apply ZnSO _4.7H ₂ O simultaneously, consumption is 15kg Zn /ha.