CN109687063B - Preparation method of graphene-based flexible low-pass filter - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene-based flexible low-pass filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109687063B CN109687063B CN201811470224.3A CN201811470224A CN109687063B CN 109687063 B CN109687063 B CN 109687063B CN 201811470224 A CN201811470224 A CN 201811470224A CN 109687063 B CN109687063 B CN 109687063B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-based flexible low-pass filter, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting raw materials; designing a pattern of a carving circuit by using a polyimide plastic film as a raw material according to an equivalent circuit diagram of a first-order RC filter circuit; s2: laser engraving; flattening the raw material in the step S1 on a laser engraving table, introducing a pattern of an engraving circuit into engraving software in advance, and setting engraving power and engraving depth; s3: leading out an electrode; leading out copper wires from the circuit carved in the step S2 by using conductive silver paste as electrodes, and then putting the circuit into a high-temperature heating furnace to solidify the silver paste; s4: packaging the circuit; and packaging the circuit subjected to the step S3 by using Dow Corning, and curing the Dow Corning at a high temperature. The preparation method is simple, low in price, flexible, wearable and high in stability, and is suitable for industrial mass production. The graphene-based flexible filter has good filtering performance and stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene-based flexible low-pass filter, which can be used in the technical field of flexible electronics.
Background
The filter is an important component in electronic equipment, can effectively filter a frequency point of an input signal with a specific frequency or frequencies except the frequency point to obtain a power supply signal with the specific frequency, or eliminate the power supply signal with the specific frequency, and can be used for eliminating noise and interference, reducing aliasing of frequency components and attenuating resonance on certain specific frequency points. Low-pass filters are electronic filtering devices that allow signals below the cut-off frequency to pass and signals above the cut-off frequency to not pass, but conventional filters are rigid, cannot be bent and stretched, and cannot be used in wearable electronics, which greatly limits the development of flexible electronics as one of the most common circuit elements.
The graphene has good heat conduction and electric conduction performance, is the best material with the known electric conduction performance at present, and is very suitable for being used as an electronic device. Conventional methods for preparing graphene include chemical vapor deposition, wet chemical methods, and reduced graphene oxide methods, but most of these methods require harsh production conditions: high-temperature and high-purity gas or strong acid and strong oxidizing environment, and the quality of the generated graphene is not equal, so that large-scale mass production cannot be realized. The preparation of graphene by laser engraving of a Polyimide (PI) plastic film is the simplest and direct method, and the method has no constraint condition for generating environment and can be directly carried out in an indoor environment. Since polyimide films are very good flexible polymer materials, this process allows for the design of wearable electronics on flexible substrate materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a preparation method of a graphene-based flexible low-pass filter.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a graphene-based flexible low-pass filter comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting raw materials;
primarily designing a pattern of a carving circuit by using a polyimide plastic film as a raw material according to an equivalent circuit diagram of a traditional first-order RC low-pass filter circuit;
s2: laser engraving;
flatly placing the polyimide plastic film raw material in the step S1 on a laser engraving table, then introducing engraving circuit patterns designed in the step S1 into engraving software, setting engraving power and engraving depth, adjusting the position and size of light spots, and starting engraving;
s3: leading out an electrode;
leading out copper wires from the circuit carved in the step S2 at the a, b and c interfaces of the circuit by using normal-temperature curing conductive silver paste as electrodes, and then putting the whole carved circuit into a high-temperature heating furnace to cure the silver paste;
s4: packaging the circuit;
and packaging the whole circuit including the electrodes after the silver paste is solidified by the step S3 by using Daokoning, then solidifying the Daokoning at a high temperature, and stably attaching graphene generated by carving on the surface of the plastic film after the packaging is finished without falling off when the plastic film is bent or stretched.
Preferably, in the step S2, the laser engraving power is 95%, and the engraving depth is 14.
Preferably, the curing temperature of the silver paste in the step S3 is 90 ℃ and the time is 1 hour.
Preferably, the type of the silver paste in the step S3 is 01L-2211D.
Preferably, the dow corning curing temperature in the S4 step is 80 ℃ for 30 minutes.
Preferably, the Dow Corning model in the step S4 is SYLGARDTMType 184.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects: the preparation method is simple, low in price, flexible, wearable and high in stability, and is suitable for industrial mass production. The laser-engraved graphene has good conductivity. The graphene-based flexible low-pass filter has the advantages that the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve is quickly attenuated from the cut-off frequency, high-frequency components can be effectively filtered, the filtering performance is good, the temperature sensing is low, the influence on circuit characteristics is small when the flexible low-pass filter is bent or the temperature changes, and the stability of the circuit is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the graphene-based flexible low-pass filter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an engraved image of the graphene-based flexible low-pass filter of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an XRD pattern of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a TEM image of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows an amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and a phase-frequency characteristic curve according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows an amplitude-frequency characteristic and a phase-frequency characteristic of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing input and output signals at different frequencies according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing input and output signals of different waveforms at the cut-off frequency according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing input and output signals at different bend angles at a cut-off frequency according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing input and output signals at different temperature conditions at a cut-off frequency according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an output voltage noise waveform of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments. The embodiments are merely exemplary for applying the technical solutions of the present invention, and any technical solution formed by replacing or converting the equivalent thereof falls within the scope of the present invention claimed.
According to the technical scheme, the graphene-based flexible filter is generated by selecting a laser engraving PI film method. The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-based flexible low-pass filter, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting raw materials;
the method comprises the following steps of primarily designing a pattern of a carving circuit by using a polyimide plastic film as a raw material according to an equivalent circuit diagram of a traditional first-order RC low-pass filter circuit, wherein the low-pass filter circuit comprises a planar interdigital capacitor structure and a snake-shaped bent resistor structure;
s2: laser engraving;
flatly placing the polyimide plastic film raw material in the step S1 on a laser engraving table, then introducing engraving software into the engraving circuit pattern designed in the step S1, setting engraving power and engraving depth, adjusting the position and size of light spots, and starting engraving;
adjusting the size of the light spot to minimize the area of the laser light spot; adjusting the position of a laser spot to ensure that the laser is always positioned on the PI film in the whole engraving process and starts to engrave; in the technical scheme, the engraving software is Scarvech.
S3: leading out an electrode;
leading out copper wires as electrodes from the interfaces a, b and c of the circuits which are generated after the circuits are carved by the step S2 by using normal-temperature solidified conductive silver paste, and then putting the whole carved circuit into a high-temperature heating furnace to solidify the silver paste;
s4: packaging the circuit;
and packaging the whole circuit including the electrodes after the silver paste is solidified by the step S3 by using Daokoning, then curing Daokoning at high temperature, and stably attaching graphene generated by carving on the surface of the plastic film after the packaging is finished without falling off when the plastic film is bent or stretched.
In the step S2, the engraving power is 95%, the engraving depth is 14, and the circuit engraved under the engraving condition has the minimum resistance. The curing temperature of the silver paste in the step S3 is 90 ℃, the curing time is 1 hour, and the type of the silver paste in the step S3 is 01L-2211D. The dow corning curing temperature in the S4 step was 80 ℃ for 30 minutes.
Specifically, the preparation method of the low-pass filter is as follows: designing a carving pattern according to an equivalent circuit diagram of the first-order RC low-pass filter, and carrying out laser carving on the plastic film to obtain the graphene material in the shape. The silver paste is dotted to lead out a copper wire electrode, the silver paste is placed into a drying oven to be heated for 1 hour at 90 ℃ to solidify the silver paste, and then the whole circuit is packaged by Daokoning and heated for 30 minutes at 80 ℃ to solidify the Daokoning.
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the substrate material is a Polyimide (PI) plastic film, the graphene-based low-pass filter is obtained by a laser engraving method, in order to prevent graphene exposed on the surface of the film from falling off and ensure the stability of a circuit, a copper wire electrode is led out by silver paste, and the whole circuit is packaged by Daokning after the silver paste is solidified, so that the stability of the circuit performance is still maintained when the circuit is bent and stretched.
The preparation method of the graphene is various, the preparation of the graphene by laser engraving of the Polyimide (PI) plastic film is the simplest and direct method, the method has no constraint condition of generating environment, and the method can be directly carried out in indoor environment. Meanwhile, the specifications such as the shape, the size and the like of the graphene can be well specified by a laser engraving method, so that different engraving patterns can be designed according to requirements to achieve different application purposes. The Polyimide (PI) plastic film used for generating the graphene is a very good flexible polymer material, and the graphene which is used as a matrix material to generate a required shape can successfully combine flexibility and conductivity, so that the hard characteristic of a traditional filter can be solved, and the flexible wearable electronic device can be realized.
The experimental results are as follows:
fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional first-order RC filter, fig. 2 is an engraved pattern of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the laser is directly adjusted to write an interdigital capacitor structure and a serpentine resistor structure on a Polyimide (PI) plastic film. The micro-capacitor on the chip can exist in a staggered plane form due to the progress of the micro-processing technology, is convenient to realize on a Polyimide (PI) plastic film, overcomes the defect that the traditional sandwich structure is incompatible with an integrated circuit, has good flexibility, and can be applied to flexible wearable electronic equipment. The graphene of the Dow Corning packaged circuit has good stability, and the filtering performance of the graphene cannot be changed in the bending process.
Figure 3 is an XRD pattern of the present invention showing that the XRD pattern of graphene shows a peak at 20-25.9 ° giving the interlayer spacing
It can be seen that the engraved graphene is highly graphitic, with an asymmetric structure around its peak, tailing at the smaller 2y corner, also indicating an increase in Ic. A small peak at 42.9 ° 2 θ indicates that the laser-engraved graphene of the circuit is a layered structure, which is directly reflected in the electron microscope images of fig. 4 and 5.
FIG. 6 is an amplitude-frequency diagram of the present inventionCharacteristic curve with input signal frequency on the abscissa in lgf (MHz) and output signal voltage amplitude on the ordinate in 20lgVppdVB are provided. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of an ideal low-pass filter should be rectangular, but cannot be physically realized. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve starts to attenuate quickly from the cutoff frequency f being 1.75MHz, and the curve shape is closer to a rectangle, which shows that the invention has better filtering performance and can effectively filter high-frequency components; keeping the amplitude of the input signal unchanged, changing the frequency to reduce the output signal to 0.707 times of the maximum value, and expressing the point at-3 dB as the cut-off frequency by using the frequency response characteristic. The amplitude of the input signal is set to 5V and the amplitude of the output signal at the cut-off frequency should be 3.535V. The resistance R of the filter is measured to be about 580 omega, the cut-off frequency of the filter is 1.75MHz, and the capacitance value is calculated to be about 157pF according to the formula f of the cut-off frequency, namely 1/(2 pi RC), wherein pi is 3.14. The phase-frequency characteristic is shown in fig. 7, where the abscissa is the input signal frequency in lgf (mhz), and the ordinate is the phase shift in phi (rad). The phase-frequency characteristic curve represents the phase difference between the input signal and the output signal, which is shown as phase difference at the cut-off frequency
The filter has better phase retention.
Fig. 8 is a comparison graph of input and output signals at different frequencies, where gray is the output signal and black curve is the input signal, it can be clearly seen that the amplitude of the output signal is smaller and smaller with the increase of the input frequency, which indicates that the high frequency component cannot pass through the filter smoothly, i.e. the invention can effectively filter the high frequency component.
FIG. 9 is a comparison of input and output signals for different waveforms at the cut-off frequency of the present invention, where the gray curve is the output signal and the black curve is the input signal. The input signals are sine waves, square waves, triangular waves and pulse signals in sequence from top to bottom, and when the input signals are sine waves, the amplitude of the output signals can be directly seen to be reduced along with the increase of the frequency. When the square wave passes through the RC filter, the rising edge becomes slow, which indicates that the high-frequency component of the signal is effectively filtered.
Fig. 10 is a comparison of input and output signals at different bending angles at the cut-off frequency according to the present invention, wherein the gray curve is the waveform of the output signal and the black curve is the waveform of the input signal. It can be seen from fig. 9 that the bending hardly affects the characteristics of the circuit, which shows that the present invention has good stability.
Fig. 11 is a comparison of input and output signals at different temperatures at a cut-off frequency according to the present invention, wherein a gray curve is a waveform of the output signal and a black curve is a waveform of the input signal. It can be seen from fig. 10 that the present invention is not sensitive to temperature sensing, the peak-to-peak value of the output signal is slightly decreased with the increase of temperature, and the influence on the circuit characteristics is not obvious, i.e. the present invention has good thermal stability.
FIG. 12 is an output voltage noise waveform of the present invention. I.e. the peak-to-peak value of the output voltage measured when the input is short-circuited. It can be seen from the figure that most of the peak-to-peak values of the short-circuit output voltage are about +/-200 uv, and the maximum value of the peak-to-peak values is lower than 400uv, which shows that the circuit of the invention has certain anti-noise capability and can resist the interference of noise on signals so as to ensure the output waveform.
The laser-engraved graphene-based flexible filter prepared by the invention has a good filtering effect, is low in cost, good in stability, easy to repeat materials, and suitable for large-area industrial production.
The invention has various embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
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