CN109674498B - Surgical opening instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a surgical opening instrument. The surgical distraction instrument includes: the device comprises a central rod (1), a plurality of supporting rods (2), a plurality of connecting rods (3) and a driving sliding rod (4), wherein the first end of each supporting rod (2) is hinged to the central rod (1); a first end of each connecting rod (3) is hinged to the driving sliding rod (4), and a second end of each connecting rod is hinged to the opening rod (2); the driving sliding rod (4) is in sliding sleeve connection with the center rod (1) so as to drive the expanding rod (2) to do expanding and retracting movement, a first limit stop (12) is fixedly arranged on the center rod (1), and the first limit stop (12) limits the maximum expanding angle of the expanding rod (2). The surgical opening instrument has simple structure and convenient operation, can reliably open the viscera cavity and the like in the surgical process, and is convenient for performing the surgery.

Description

A surgical expansion device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to a surgical distraction instrument.

Background technique

During surgery, it is often necessary to expand organs or other parts. For example, laparoscopic surgery is a newly developed minimally invasive method. It is currently a relatively advanced surgical treatment method and can treat many types of diseases. As an advanced minimally invasive technology, laparoscopic surgery has been widely used in clinical practice due to its small surgical trauma, low bleeding, and rapid postoperative recovery of the recipient.

Traditional laparoscopic surgery uses _CO2 pneumoperitoneum technology to create a surgical operating space. Since _CO2 pneumoperitoneum has many adverse effects on the respiratory, circulatory system and pregnant fetus, it is not suitable for patients with poor physical condition or patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, embolic diseases and pulmonary insufficiency. Various abdominal wall suspensions have been developed. sling device for pneumoperitoneum-free laparoscopic surgery. However, in the existing pneumoperitoneum-free technology, which uses Kirschner needles to penetrate the abdominal wall for abdominal wall suspension, it is easy to cause secondary trauma to the patient. The tension of the abdominal wall suspension will cause the bilateral abdominal walls to gather in the middle, squeezing the intestines and concentrating in the middle, causing the surgical space to change. Small and narrow; when muscle tension is high, the surgical operating space will be significantly reduced. Not only will an extra 4mm incision be made to place the subcutaneous steel wire, but the stress will be concentrated on the suspension wire, which can easily cause damage to the patient's abdominal wall, resulting in The operating space is relatively small.

Chinese patent document CN 108542441 A discloses an umbrella-type laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum-free support device. The device is inserted into the abdominal cavity, spreads it to a horizontal position through the spreading claws, and fully lifts the front abdominal wall to separate the abdominal wall from the internal organs. Because even if the spreading claws are kept in the spreading position, continuous lifting force needs to be applied to lift the abdominal wall, thus increasing the manpower required for the operation. Moreover, it cannot open the organs themselves.

Therefore, it is desirable to have a technical solution to overcome or at least alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.

Contents of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical distraction instrument that overcomes or at least alleviates at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a surgical distraction instrument, which includes: a central rod, a plurality of distraction rods, a plurality of connecting rods and a driving sliding rod,

The plurality of expansion rods are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, the first end of each expansion rod is hinged to the center rod, and the second end of each expansion rod is a free end;

The first end of each connecting rod is hinged to the driving slide rod, and the second end of each connecting rod is hinged to the corresponding spreading rod;

The driving slide rod is slidably sleeved on the center rod to drive the expansion rod to expand or retract through the connecting rod. A first limiter is fixedly provided on the center rod near the insertion end. The first limit stop limits the sliding position of the driving slide rod to limit the maximum expansion angle of the expansion rod.

Preferably, the angular gap between at least two adjacent distraction rods is larger than the angular gap between other adjacent distraction rods, and the larger angular gap is used as a surgical operation gap.

Preferably, the cross-section of the expansion rod is an inverted U-shape, including a supporting edge and a first connecting edge and a second connecting edge located on both sides of the supporting edge and perpendicular to the supporting edge, wherein the supporting edge It is connected with the first connecting edge and the second connecting edge with round corners, and the connecting rod is hinged to the first connecting edge and the second connecting edge of the corresponding expansion rod.

Preferably, the expansion rod is an elastic rod, an arc-shaped rod along the entire length, and the arc-shaped arching direction is outward.

Preferably, the expansion rod includes a free end arc segment at the free end, the bending radius of the free end arc segment is smaller than the bending radius of the overall length arc of the expansion rod, and the free end arc segment The central angle of the arc of the shape segment is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

Preferably, the connecting rod is a straight rod; or

The connecting rod is an S-shaped rod, with a first arc portion at its first end arching inward and a second arc portion at its second end arching outward.

Preferably, the surgical distraction instrument further includes a constraint strap connected to the second end of the distraction rod to assist in limiting the maximum distraction position of the distraction rod, wherein the constraint strap is located The outer side of the expansion rod is stretched, and the restraint belt is an elastic belt.

Preferably, the surgical expansion instrument also includes an outer sleeve. In the stowed state, the central rod, multiple expansion rods, multiple connecting rods and driving sliding rods are located within the outer sleeve,

The center rod includes a driving end and an insertion end, and the center rod is provided with an arc-shaped top cover at its insertion end. The arc-shaped top cover arches outward, and the maximum diameter of the arc-shaped top cover is The diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve,

The surgical distraction instrument also includes a spring and a driving nut. The spring is arranged between the first limiting stop and the driving slide rod in the length direction, and exerts an elastic force on the driving slide rod. The elastic force causes the expansion rod to be in the retracted position;

The driving nut is threadedly connected to the center rod and is used to overcome the elastic force of the spring and drive the driving slide rod to move along the center rod in a direction to expand the expansion rod.

Preferably, the driving slide rod is slidably sleeved outside the central rod, and in the expanded state, the driving end of the central rod protrudes beyond the driving slide rod and the outer sleeve in length, The driving end of the driving slide rod protrudes beyond the outer sleeve in length,

The surgical distraction instrument also includes a clamping device. The clamping device includes a first clamping part and a second clamping part that are relatively fixed in the length direction of the central rod, wherein the first clamping part is suitable for For clamping and releasing the outer sleeve, the second clamping member is adapted to clamp and release the central rod, the central rod is provided with an external thread section at the driving end, and the driving nut is screwed on the external thread. On the threaded section, the outer diameter of the driving nut is larger than the hole diameter of the driving slide rod.

Preferably, the driving slide rod is slidably sleeved within the central rod. In the expanded state, the driving end of the central rod protrudes outside the outer sleeve in length, and the central rod is driven by The radial dimension of the end is enlarged and an internal thread section is provided, the driving nut has an external thread and is screwed on the internal thread section, and the diameter of the head of the driving nut is larger than the aperture of the center rod;

A plurality of axially extending guide grooves are provided on a partial length of the peripheral wall of the central rod, the connecting rod passes through the guide groove, and the guide groove guides the movement of the connecting rod;

The central rod is provided with a second limiting stop at the driving end, and the second limiting stop limits the maximum depth of insertion of the central rod relative to the outer sleeve.

The surgical expansion instrument of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and can reliably expand visceral chambers and the like during the operation, thereby facilitating the operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the stowed state of the surgical distraction instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the surgical distraction instrument shown in Figure 1 in a distraction state.

Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a surgical distraction instrument in a distraction state according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the expansion rod of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the stowed state of the surgical distraction instrument according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a surgical distraction instrument according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a surgical distraction instrument according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

1 center rod 11 Curved top cover 2 spreader bar 12 first limit stop 3 Connecting rod 13 Second limit stop 4 Drive slide twenty one Free end arc segment 5 Outer sleeve twenty two supporting edge 6 restraint belt twenty three first connecting side 7 surgical operation gap twenty four Second connecting side 8 spring 31 first arc part 9 drive nut 32 second arc part

Detailed ways

In the drawings, the same or similar reference numbers are used to represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply the devices or components referred to. It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, 6 and 7, the surgical distraction instrument of the present invention includes: a central rod 1, a plurality of distraction rods 2, a plurality of connecting rods 3 and a driving slide rod 4. It should be noted that in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the “rod” may be a solid rod or a hollow rod.

The plurality of expansion rods 2 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, and the first end (the upper end in the figure) of each expansion rod 2 is hinged to the center rod 1, specifically to a position adjacent to the insertion end of the center rod. . The second end (lower end in the figure) of each spreading rod 2 is a free end. The expansion rod 2 rotates around its first end to perform expansion and retracting movements, thereby realizing the expansion rod performance required for surgery, such as internal expansion of internal organs.

The first end (upper end in the figure) of each connecting rod 3 is hinged to the driving slide rod 4, and the second end (lower end in the figure) of each connecting rod 3 is hinged to the corresponding spreading rod 2. Advantageously, the second end of the connecting rod 3 is hinged to the middle section of the corresponding expansion rod 2, especially the middle section is adjacent to the hinged end of the expansion rod. Each connecting rod 3 corresponds to a corresponding spreading rod 2.

The driving slide rod 4 is slidably connected to the center rod 1 to drive the expansion rod 2 through the connecting rod 3 to perform expansion or retracting motions. The driving slide rod 4 can be slidably sleeved inside the center rod 1 or can be slidably sleeved outside the center rod 1 .

A first limit stop 12 is fixedly provided on the center rod 1 near the insertion end. The first limit stop 12 limits the sliding position of the driving slide rod 4 to limit the expansion rod 2 the maximum opening angle. The specific position, shape, size, etc. of the first stop can be set as needed, as long as the maximum expansion angle of the expansion rod 2 can be limited.

The multiple spreading rods can be evenly distributed in the circumferential direction (see Figure 2) or non-uniformly distributed (see Figure 3). As shown in Figure 3, specifically, the angular gap between at least two adjacent distraction rods 2 is larger than the angular gap between other adjacent distraction rods 2, and the larger angular gap is used as a surgical operation gap. 7. Therefore, a larger operating space is provided, which facilitates the operation.

The spreader and connecting rods may take any suitable cross-sectional shape. Referring to Figure 4, the cross-section of the expansion rod 2 is an inverted U-shape, including a supporting edge 22 and a first connecting edge 23 and a second connecting edge 24 located on both sides of the supporting edge 22 and perpendicular to the supporting edge 22, wherein , the supporting edge 22 is connected with the first connecting edge 23 and the second connecting edge 24 with round corners, and the connecting rod 3 is hinged to the first connecting edge 23 and the second connecting edge 24 of the corresponding expansion rod 2 . The supporting edge 22 has a straight shape in cross section, thereby providing better supporting force, which is conducive to reducing pressure and reducing pressure on the visceral wall.

In order to reduce the risk in the process of holding up and reduce the maximum pressure during holding up, it is preferred that the spreading rod 2 is an elastic rod. In addition, the spreading rod 2 is an arc-shaped rod over the entire length, and the arc-shaped arching direction is outward. This also helps to adapt to the shape of the organs, reduce the maximum pressure, and avoid damage to the internal organs.

In order to better protect the inner wall of the viscera, the expansion rod 2 includes a free end arc segment 21 at the free end. The bending radius of the free end arc segment 21 is smaller than the bending radius of the entire length of the expansion rod 2. , and the arc central angle of the free end arc segment 21 is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

It can be understood that the expansion rod 2 is not limited to the arc-shaped rod shown in the figure, and can also be configured as a straight rod. This is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the connecting rod 3 is a straight rod, thus having a simpler structure.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the connecting rod 3 is an S-shaped rod, with the first arc portion 31 at its first end (the upper end in the figure) arching inward, and its second end (the upper end in the figure). The second arc portion 31 at the lower end in the figure is arcuately arched outward. Therefore, this can make the connecting rod 3 have a certain degree of elasticity, reduce the force of opening the internal organs, facilitate storage, and reduce the outer diameter of the entire device.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the surgical distraction instrument further includes a restraint band 6. The restraint belt 6 is connected to the second end of the expansion rod 2 to assist in limiting the maximum expansion position of the expansion rod 2, wherein the restraint belt 6 is located outside the expansion rod 2, and the The restraint belt 6 is an elastic belt. The arrangement of the restraining strap 6 is also helpful in defining the angular gap between the spreading rods.

As shown in the figure, the surgical distraction instrument also includes an outer sleeve 5. In the stowed state, the central rod 1, a plurality of distraction rods 2, a plurality of connecting rods 3 and the driving sliding rod 4 are located in the outer sleeve 5. within. The cross-section of the outer tube is usually a circular tube, but the invention is not limited thereto. That is to say, the cross section of the outer tube can also be of other shapes.

The center rod 1 includes a driving end and an insertion end. The insertion end is the end that is inserted into the organ, and the driving end is the end that is outside the organ and is held and operated by the operator or operating instrument. The center rod 1 is provided with an arc-shaped top cover 11 at its insertion end. The arc-shaped top cover 11 is arched outward, and the maximum diameter of the arc-shaped top cover 11 is larger than that of the outer sleeve 5 The inner diameter, the arc-shaped top cover 11 can provide better protection to avoid damage to the inner wall of the organ.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, in order to facilitate limiting the relative position of the central rod and the driving slide rod, the surgical distraction instrument also includes a spring 8 and a driving nut 9. Of course, other devices can also be used to limit the relative positions between the central rod, the driving slide rod, and the outer sleeve 5. For example, a controlled clamping device can be used to clamp the central rod, the driving slide rod, and the outer sleeve 5 respectively, and drive their movement.

The spring 8 is disposed between the first limiting stop 12 and the driving slide rod 4 in the length direction, exerting an elastic force on the driving slide rod 4, and the elastic force makes the spreading rod 2 in a position of Stowed position. Therefore, when not in operation, the support rod is in the stowed position for easy storage.

The driving nut 9 is threadedly connected to the center rod 1 and is used to overcome the elastic force of the spring 8 and drive the driving slide rod 4 along the center rod 1 in the direction of spreading the expansion rod 2 sports. The driving nut 9 can be driven manually or electrically. Advantageously, the drive nut pair is provided with a lock nut.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6 , the driving slide rod 4 is slidably sleeved outside the center rod 1 . In the expanded state, the driving end of the central rod 1 protrudes beyond the driving slide rod 4 and the outer sleeve 5 in length, and the driving end of the driving slide rod 4 protrudes beyond the length of the outer sleeve 5 . Outside the outer casing 5.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6 , the surgical distraction instrument further includes a clamping device (not shown). The clamping device includes a first clamping member and a second clamp that are relatively fixed in the length direction of the central rod. Holding parts, wherein the first holding part is adapted to hold and release the outer sleeve 5 and the second holding part is adapted to hold and release the central rod 1 at the driving end An external thread section is provided, and the drive nut 9 is screwed on the external thread section. The outer diameter of the drive nut 9 is larger than the aperture of the drive slide rod 4 .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , the driving slide rod 4 is slidably sleeved within the central rod 1 . In the expanded state, the driving end of the central rod 1 protrudes beyond the outer sleeve 5 in length. The central rod 1 has an enlarged radial dimension at the driving end and is provided with an internal thread section. , the driving nut 9 has an external thread and is screwed on the internal thread section. The diameter of the head of the driving nut 9 is larger than the aperture of the center rod 1 . As shown in Figure 7, the driving nut 9 is provided with an inwardly protruding abutment boss. The height of the raised bump can be set as needed. Moreover, the boss can also be configured as a groove as needed. In addition, it should be pointed out that threads can also be provided on the outer periphery of the central rod, and the driving nut 9 has internal threads and is screwed on the outer peripheral threads of the central rod. In this case, no radial expansion may be provided for the central rod 1 . However, there are higher requirements for the setting position of the second limit stop 13 .

Adapting to the above structure, a plurality of axially extending guide grooves are provided on a partial length of the peripheral wall of the center rod 1. The connecting rod 3 passes through the guide grooves, and the guide grooves guide the movement of the connecting rod 3. . In order to improve the strength, the diameter and wall thickness of the central rod 1 are increased at the location where the guide groove is provided.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the central rod 1 is provided with a second limiting stop 13 at the driving end. The second limiting stop 13 limits the maximum depth of insertion of the central rod 1 relative to the outer sleeve 5 . The position, shape and size of the second limiting stop 13 can be set as needed.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the hinged end of the expansion rod 2 is located in the cavity defined by the arc-shaped top cover 11 . On the one hand, it can save space and improve the compactness of the entire device; on the other hand, the end face of the arc-shaped top cover 11 can assist in limiting the maximum expansion angle of the expansion rod 2 and improve safety.

The surgical expansion instrument of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and can reliably expand visceral chambers and the like during the operation, thereby facilitating the operation.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions of the present invention. spirit and scope of the technical solution of the embodiment.

Claims (10)

1. A surgical distraction instrument, characterized in that it includes: a central rod (1), a plurality of distraction rods (2), a plurality of connecting rods (3) and a driving slide rod (4), The plurality of expansion rods (2) are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. The first end of each expansion rod (2) is hinged to the center rod (1), and the second end of each expansion rod (2) is hinged to the center rod (1). The end is the free end; The first end of each connecting rod (3) is hinged to the driving slide rod (4), and the second end of each connecting rod (3) is hinged to the corresponding spreading rod (2); The driving slide rod (4) is slidably connected to the center rod (1) to drive the expansion rod (2) through the connecting rod (3) to perform expansion or retracting movements. A first limit stop (12) is fixedly provided on the rod (1) near the insertion end. The first limit stop (12) limits the sliding position of the driving slide rod (4) to limit the The maximum expansion angle of the expansion rod (2), and the angular gap between adjacent expansion rods (2) is used as the surgical operation gap (7), The surgical distraction instrument also includes a spring (8) and a driving nut (9). The spring (8) is arranged between the first limiting stop (12) and the driving slide rod (4) in the length direction. ), an elastic force is applied to the driving slide rod (4), and the elastic force causes the expansion rod (2) to be in the retracted position; The driving nut (9) is threadedly connected to the center rod (1) and is used to overcome the elastic force of the spring (8) and drive the driving slide rod (4) along the center rod (1). The expansion rod (2) is caused to move in the expansion direction. 2. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angular gap between at least two adjacent spreading rods (2) is larger than the angular gap between other adjacent spreading rods (2), and the larger angular gap is used as the surgical operation gap (7). 3. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the distraction rod (2) is an inverted U-shape, including a supporting edge (22) and both sides of the supporting edge (22). and perpendicular to the first connecting side (23) and the second connecting side (24) of the supporting side (22), wherein the supporting side (22) and the first connecting side (23) and the second connecting side (24) The edges (24) are connected with rounded corners, and the connecting rod (3) is hinged to the first connecting edge (23) and the second connecting edge (24) of the corresponding expansion rod (2). 4. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the distraction rod (2) is an elastic rod, an arc-shaped rod along the entire length, and the arc-shaped arching direction is outward. 5. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that the distraction rod (2) includes a free end arc segment (21) at the free end, and the free end arc segment (21) The bending radius is smaller than the bending radius of the overall length arc of the expansion rod (2), and the arc central angle of the free end arc segment (21) is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees. 6. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod (3) is a straight rod; or The connecting rod (3) is an S-shaped rod, with a first arc portion (31) at its first end arcing inward, and a second arc portion (31) at its second end arcing outward. Arc arched. 7. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the surgical distraction instrument further includes a constraint band (6), and the constraint band (6) is connected to the third portion of the distraction rod (2). The two ends are connected to assist in limiting the maximum expansion position of the expansion rod (2), wherein the restraint belt (6) is located outside the expansion rod (2), and the restraint belt (6) is Elastic strap. 8. The surgical distraction instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the surgical distraction instrument further includes an outer sleeve (5), and in the retracted state, the central rod (1 ), multiple spreading rods (2), multiple connecting rods (3) and driving sliding rods (4) are located within the outer sleeve (5), which is a round tube, The center rod (1) includes a driving end and an insertion end, and the center rod (1) is provided with an arc-shaped top cover (11) at its insertion end, and the arc-shaped top cover (11) is curved outward. Arched, and the maximum diameter of the arc-shaped top cover (11) is larger than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve (5) and smaller than the outer diameter of the outer sleeve (5). 9. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that the driving slide rod (4) is slidably sleeved outside the center rod (1), and in the expansion state, the center rod The driving end of (1) protrudes beyond the driving slide rod (4) and the outer sleeve (5) in length, and the driving end of the driving slide rod (4) protrudes beyond the outer sleeve in length. (5) In addition, The surgical distraction instrument also includes a clamping device. The clamping device includes a first clamping part and a second clamping part that are relatively fixed in the length direction of the central rod, wherein the first clamping part is suitable for For clamping and releasing the outer sleeve (5), the second clamping piece is adapted to clamp and release the central rod (1), which is provided with an external thread section at the driving end, so The driving nut (9) is screwed on the external thread section, and the outer diameter of the driving nut (9) is larger than the aperture of the driving slide rod (4). 10. The surgical distraction instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that the driving slide rod (4) is slidably sleeved within the center rod (1), and in the expansion state, the center rod The driving end of (1) protrudes beyond the outer sleeve (5) in length, the central rod (1) has an enlarged radial size at the driving end and is provided with an internal thread section, and the driving nut (9 ) has an external thread and is screwed on the internal thread section, and the diameter of the head of the driving nut (9) is larger than the aperture of the center rod (1); A plurality of axially extending guide grooves are provided on a partial length of the peripheral wall of the central rod (1). The connecting rod (3) passes through the guide grooves, and the guide grooves guide the connecting rod (3). exercise; The central rod (1) is provided with a second limiting stop (13) at the driving end, and the second limiting stop (13) limits the center rod (1) relative to the outer sleeve (5 ) maximum depth of insertion.