CN109667633B - Energy output system and method applied to urea device - Google Patents
Energy output system and method applied to urea device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109667633B CN109667633B CN201910010534.5A CN201910010534A CN109667633B CN 109667633 B CN109667633 B CN 109667633B CN 201910010534 A CN201910010534 A CN 201910010534A CN 109667633 B CN109667633 B CN 109667633B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy output system applied to a urea device, the urea device comprises a carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor, the multistage centrifugal compressor comprises a plurality of low-pressure sections and a plurality of high-pressure sections, an inter-section cooler is arranged between two adjacent sections, a subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and an input pipeline are arranged between the tail end high-pressure section and the secondary end high-pressure section, the output pipeline is sequentially connected with a booster, a preheater, a heater and an expander, and carbon dioxide gas after acting through the expander sequentially passes through the preheater, the cooler and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to enter the inter-section cooler, and finally enters the tail end high-pressure section. The invention utilizes the high efficiency of the brayton cycle principle under the condition of not changing the main process and equipment of the original urea synthesis device, so that the system investment is low, the energy output efficiency is high, and the invention has very good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy output system, in particular to an energy output system and method applied to a urea device.
Background
The urea device is a chemical device system which is widely applied in the field of civil chemical industry, and the carbon dioxide compressor is an essential core device. The most common carbon dioxide compressor in urea plants is a centrifugal four-stage compressor, a high and low pressure cylinder arrangement. The carbon dioxide gas at the outlet of the third section of the high-pressure cylinder is in a subcritical state generally, and enters the fourth section of the high-pressure cylinder after being cooled between the sections. The principle of the brayton cycle is to use the special physical properties of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state to realize energy input and output.
How to realize the brayton cycle by utilizing carbon dioxide gas in subcritical state in the existing urea device so as to realize efficient output of energy, no related research results in the aspect are disclosed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides an energy output system applied to a urea device, which is used for realizing energy output by leading out carbon dioxide gas in the existing urea device and pressurizing the carbon dioxide gas to a supercritical state, thereby forming a brayton cycle.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the energy output system comprises a carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor, wherein the multistage centrifugal compressor comprises a plurality of low-pressure sections and a plurality of high-pressure sections, an inter-section cooler is arranged between two adjacent sections, a subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and an input pipeline are arranged between the tail end high-pressure section and the sub-tail end high-pressure section, the output pipeline is sequentially connected with a booster, a preheater, a heater and an expander, carbon dioxide gas after acting through the expander sequentially passes through the preheater, the cooler and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to enter the inter-section cooler and finally enter the tail end high-pressure section, or the carbon dioxide gas after acting through the expander sequentially passes through the preheater, the cooler and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to return to the booster for recycling.
Preferably, the multi-section centrifugal compressor is a four-section centrifugal compressor, the four-section centrifugal compressor comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder, the low-pressure cylinder comprises a first section and a second section which are respectively arranged at two low-pressure sections, the high-pressure cylinder comprises a third section and a fourth section which are respectively arranged at two high-pressure sections, a low-pressure section cooler is arranged between the first section and the second section and between the second section and the third section, and a high-pressure section cooler is arranged between the third section and the fourth section.
Preferably, the expander is connected to a generator, and the supercharger is driven by an electric motor.
Preferably, a regulating valve is arranged between the subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline.
Preferably, the cooler is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the heater is provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet.
Preferably, a regulating valve and a one-way valve are sequentially arranged between the cooler and the high-pressure section at the tail end of the compressor.
Preferably, a regulating valve and a one-way valve are sequentially arranged between the cooler and the supercharger.
Preferably, the expander and the supercharger are respectively provided with a pipeline which is communicated with a carbon dioxide inlet of a low-pressure section at the head end of the compressor, and the pipeline is used for recovering a small amount of carbon dioxide leaked from shaft seals of the expander and the supercharger.
Preferably, the pipeline for recycling the carbon dioxide is sequentially provided with a regulating valve and a one-way valve.
The invention also provides an energy output method applied to the urea device, which comprises the following steps:
step one: leading out subcritical carbon dioxide gas at the outlet of a high-pressure section at the secondary end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor to a supercharger, compressing the subcritical carbon dioxide gas into a supercritical state by the supercharger, and sending the supercritical carbon dioxide gas to a preheater;
step two: in the preheater, supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat from the exhaust gas of the expander, and then enters the heater to be further heated by an external heat source;
step three: the heated carbon dioxide enters a supercritical carbon dioxide expander to apply work, and the expander outputs energy to a generator to generate electric energy or output power energy for driving other equipment;
step four: after energy recovery is carried out on the exhaust gas after acting in the expander through the preheater and the cooler in sequence, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to the original outlet temperature of the high-pressure section at the secondary end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor, the exhaust gas flows into the cooler between the high-pressure sections and the high-pressure section at the tail end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor, and then the exhaust gas returns to the urea synthesis device for synthesizing urea, or the carbon dioxide with the original outlet temperature is recovered to the supercharger for recycling.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention utilizes the existing urea synthesis device to realize the brayton cycle, thereby realizing high-efficiency energy output, in particular to introducing subcritical carbon dioxide gas at the outlet of the third section of a high-pressure cylinder in a centrifugal compressor into a supercritical carbon dioxide supercharger for supercharging, so that the carbon dioxide gas reaches a supercritical state, heating supercritical carbon dioxide by utilizing a preheater and a heater, and then leading the supercritical carbon dioxide gas into an expander for expansion power generation or as a power source for driving other equipment; and (3) after the residual energy is recovered by the preheater and the cooler, the expanded carbon dioxide gas enters the cooler between the third section and the fourth section of the high-pressure cylinder of the compressor of the urea synthesis device and still returns to the urea synthesis system or the carbon dioxide with the recovered temperature returns to the supercharger for recycling. The invention utilizes the high efficiency of the brayton cycle principle under the condition of not changing the main process and equipment of the original urea synthesis device, so that the system has low investment and high output efficiency, and has very good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in the figure: 10-centrifugal compressor, 11-low pressure section, 12-high pressure section, 13-low pressure section inter-cooler, 14-high pressure section inter-cooler, 20-booster, 21-motor, 30 preheater, 40-heater, 50-expander, 51-generator, 60-cooler, 70-regulating valve, 80-check valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, an energy output system applied to a urea device comprises a carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor 10, wherein the multistage centrifugal compressor comprises a plurality of low-pressure sections 11 and a plurality of high-pressure sections 12, an inter-section cooler is arranged between two adjacent sections, a subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and an input pipeline are arranged between the tail end high-pressure section and the sub-tail end high-pressure section, the output pipeline is sequentially connected with a supercharger 20, a preheater 30, a heater 40 and an expander 50, and carbon dioxide gas after working by the expander sequentially passes through the preheater 30, the cooler 60 and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to enter the inter-section cooler and finally enters the tail end high-pressure section. The invention utilizes the existing urea synthesis device to realize the brayton cycle, thereby realizing the high-efficiency energy production, in particular to the realization of utilizing a carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor in the urea synthesis device, taking a four-section centrifugal compressor as an example, taking a tail end high-pressure section and a secondary end high-pressure section as a fourth section and a third section of a high-pressure cylinder, introducing subcritical carbon dioxide gas at an outlet of the third section in the centrifugal compressor into a supercritical carbon dioxide supercharger for supercharging, so that the carbon dioxide gas reaches a supercritical state, heating the supercritical carbon dioxide by utilizing a preheater and a heater, and then enabling the carbon dioxide gas to enter an expander for expansion power generation or as a power source for driving other equipment; the expanded carbon dioxide gas is returned to the urea synthesis system after passing through the preheater and the cooler to recover residual energy and entering the cooler between the third section and the fourth section of the compressor of the urea synthesis device. The invention utilizes the high efficiency of the brayton cycle principle under the condition of not changing the main process and equipment of the original urea synthesis device, so that the system investment is low, the energy output efficiency is high, and the invention has very good economic benefit.
In this embodiment, the multi-stage centrifugal compressor 10 is a four-stage centrifugal compressor, and the four-stage centrifugal compressor includes a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder, where the low-pressure cylinder includes two low-pressure sections 11 that are a first section and a second section, and the high-pressure cylinder includes two high-pressure sections 12 that are a third section and a fourth section, and a low-pressure inter-section cooler 13 is disposed between the first section and the second section, and between the second section and the third section, and a high-pressure inter-section cooler 14 is disposed between the third section and the fourth section. As shown in fig. 1, the first, second, third and fourth sections in the figure are the first, second, third and fourth sections, respectively, arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of carbon dioxide, and closed dashed boxes in the figure indicate newly added devices, and subcritical carbon dioxide output and input pipelines are arranged between the third and fourth sections and in front of the high-pressure inter-section cooler 14.
Wherein the expander 50 is connected with a generator 51, and the supercharger 20 is driven by the motor 21. The booster 20 is driven by the motor to consume electric energy, and the expander outputs electric energy, but the electric energy output by the expander is far greater than the electric energy consumed by the booster, which is mainly realized by the special physical characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide, so that the system has good economic benefit. A regulating valve 70 is arranged between the subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and the input pipeline. The cooler 60 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the heater 40 is provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet. A regulating valve 70 and a check valve 80 are sequentially arranged between the cooler 60 and the high-pressure section at the tail end of the compressor. That is, the regulating valve and the check valve are sequentially arranged between the cooler 60 and the fourth section of the compressor, and the flow direction of the check valve is from the cooler to the compressor, so that the reverse flow of the carbon dioxide is effectively prevented.
The expander 50 and the supercharger 20 are respectively provided with a carbon dioxide inlet which is communicated with the low-pressure section at the head end of the compressor through pipelines, and the carbon dioxide inlet is used for recovering a small amount of carbon dioxide leaked from shaft seals of the expander and the supercharger. That is, the expander and the booster are connected with the first section of the compressor through a pipeline, and a small amount of carbon dioxide leaked through the booster and the expander shaft is sent to the original system through a special pipeline, so that the synthesis process of the original urea is not influenced due to carbon dioxide loss. The pipeline for recycling the carbon dioxide is sequentially provided with a regulating valve 70 and a one-way valve 80. The pipeline for recycling the carbon dioxide is divided into a main pipeline and a branch pipeline, the expander and the supercharger are respectively provided with a respective branch pipeline, the two branch pipelines are connected with the main pipeline, the carbon dioxide is sent back to a carbon dioxide inlet of a low-pressure section (namely a first section) at the head end of the compressor through the main pipeline, each branch pipeline is respectively provided with a regulating valve, and the main pipeline is provided with a regulating valve and a one-way valve; the flow direction of the check valve is that the expander or the booster flows to the compressor, thereby preventing the reverse flow of the carbon dioxide.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 2, the only difference from embodiment 1 is that the carbon dioxide gas after doing work by the expander sequentially passes through the preheater 30, the cooler 60 and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline and returns to the supercharger 20 for recycling, that is, after being boosted by the supercharger, passes through the preheater 30 and the heater 40 and enters the expander to do work, in this embodiment, after a certain amount of carbon dioxide is led out from the urea device, the carbon dioxide gas is not returned to the urea synthesis system, but is recycled in the system formed by the newly added equipment, and the urea device supplements a small amount of carbon dioxide gas lost in the operation process for the system of this embodiment through the regulating valve 70.
The operation process of the invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the subcritical carbon dioxide gas at the outlet of the high-pressure section (i.e. the third section in the present embodiment) at the lower end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor 10 is led out to the supercharger 20, and the supercharger 20 compresses the subcritical carbon dioxide gas into a supercritical state and sends it to the preheater 30;
step two: in the preheater 30, the supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat from the expander exhaust, and then enters the heater 40 to be further heated by an external heat source;
step three: the heated carbon dioxide enters a supercritical carbon dioxide expander 50 to do work, and the expander outputs energy to a generator to generate electric energy or output power energy for driving other equipment;
step four: after the exhaust gas after doing work in the expander 50 sequentially passes through the preheater 30 and the cooler 60 for energy recovery, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to the original outlet temperature of the high-pressure section (i.e., the third section) at the secondary end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor, and the exhaust gas flows into the cooler 14 between the high-pressure sections and the high-pressure section (i.e., the fourth section) at the tail end of the carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor, and then returns to the urea synthesis device for urea synthesis. In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide recovered to the subcritical state flows into the high-pressure inter-stage cooler 14 and the fourth stage of the centrifugal compressor, and finally returns to the urea synthesis apparatus or the carbon dioxide recovered to the temperature returns to the supercharger for recycling.
The specific implementation cases are as follows: aiming at 30 ten thousand tons of synthetic ammonia and 52 ten thousand tons of urea devices in China, the energy output system can generate about 4200 kilowatts per hour through measurement, and the power consumption of a driving motor of the supercritical carbon dioxide supercharger is about 1000 kilowatts per hour, so that the whole system can generate 3200 kilowatts per hour, and the economy is very good.
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy output system for urea device, this urea device includes carbon dioxide multistage formula centrifugal compressor (10), and this carbon dioxide multistage formula centrifugal compressor includes a plurality of low pressure section (11) and a plurality of high pressure section (12), is equipped with a section intercooler, its characterized in that between two adjacent sections: a subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and an input pipeline are arranged between the tail end high-pressure section and the sub-tail end high-pressure section, the output pipeline is sequentially connected with a booster (20), a preheater (30), a heater (40) and an expander (50), carbon dioxide gas after acting through the expander sequentially passes through the preheater (30), a cooler (60) and a subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to enter an intersegmental cooler, and finally enters the tail end high-pressure section or carbon dioxide gas after acting through the expander sequentially passes through the preheater (30), the cooler (60) and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline to return to the booster (20) for recycling.
2. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: the carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor (10) is a four-stage centrifugal compressor, the four-stage centrifugal compressor comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder, the low-pressure cylinder comprises a first section and a second section which are respectively arranged on two low-pressure sections (11), the high-pressure cylinder comprises a third section and a fourth section which are respectively arranged on two high-pressure sections (12), a low-pressure section cooler (13) is arranged between the first section and the second section and between the second section and the third section, and a high-pressure section cooler (14) is arranged between the third section and the fourth section.
3. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: the expander (50) is connected with a generator (51), and the supercharger (20) is driven by the motor (21).
4. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: an adjusting valve (70) is arranged between the subcritical carbon dioxide output pipeline and the subcritical carbon dioxide input pipeline.
5. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: the cooler (60) is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the heater (40) is provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet.
6. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: a regulating valve (70) and a one-way valve (80) are sequentially arranged between the cooler (60) and the high-pressure section at the tail end of the compressor.
7. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: a regulating valve (70) and a one-way valve (80) are sequentially arranged between the cooler (60) and the supercharger (20).
8. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 1, wherein: and the expander (50) and the supercharger (20) are respectively provided with a carbon dioxide inlet which is communicated with the low-pressure section at the head end of the compressor through pipelines, and the carbon dioxide inlet is used for recovering a small amount of carbon dioxide leaked from shaft seals of the expander and the supercharger.
9. The energy output system for use in a urea plant according to claim 8, wherein: and the pipeline for recycling the carbon dioxide is sequentially provided with a regulating valve (70) and a one-way valve (80).
10. An output method using the energy output system applied to the urea plant as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the subcritical carbon dioxide gas at the outlet of the high-pressure section at the lower end of the multistage carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor (10) is led out to a supercharger (20), and the supercharger (20) compresses the subcritical carbon dioxide gas into a supercritical state and sends the supercritical carbon dioxide gas to a preheater (30);
step two: in the preheater (30), the supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat from the expander exhaust gas and then enters the heater (40) to be further heated by an external heat source;
step three: the heated carbon dioxide enters a supercritical carbon dioxide expander (50) to do work, and the expander outputs energy to a generator to generate electric energy or output power energy for driving other equipment;
step four: after energy recovery is carried out on the exhaust gas after working in the expander (50) sequentially through the preheater (30) and the cooler (60), the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to the original outlet temperature of the high-pressure section at the secondary end of the carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor, the exhaust gas flows into the high-pressure section cooler (14) and the high-pressure section at the tail end of the carbon dioxide multistage centrifugal compressor, then the exhaust gas returns to the urea synthesis device for synthesizing urea, or the carbon dioxide with the original outlet temperature is returned to the supercharger (20) for recycling.
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| EP4059888A1 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-21 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Plant for producing a product, in particular ammonia |
| CN114718660B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-22 | 河南龙宇煤化工有限公司 | Working system of turbine carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor unit and driving method thereof |
| CN118031107B (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-08-27 | 广州广钢气体能源股份有限公司 | Subcritical carbon dioxide supply system for chip cleaning |
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