CN109653230B - Anti-fouling device and anti-fouling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The anti-fouling device comprises a plurality of sequentially nested tanks capable of floating on water, wherein adjacent tanks are connected through a clamping structure, and the tanks shrink under the action of water buoyancy and float on the water surface, and extend and sink under the water after a counterweight with proper weight is placed in the tanks; when the anti-sedimentation device is used for preventing the underwater area from sedimentation, the anti-sedimentation device is sunk into the deep water area of the underwater area, and then the anti-sedimentation device is sunk into the shallow water transition area gradually from inside to outside until the whole underwater area is filled up, so that sediment in water is prevented from entering the underwater area, and the shallow underwater area is effectively prevented. By the anti-siltation device and the anti-siltation method, the problem that the underwater area becomes shallow due to the entering of sediment is effectively avoided, the need of cleaning the sediment is greatly reduced, the working efficiency is effectively improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Anti-siltation device and anti-siltation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to facilities used in port engineering, shipbuilding engineering, water transportation engineering, water conservancy engineering, and in areas prone to sedimentation under water such as rivers and lakes, ports, docks, docks, channels, sluices, reservoirs, etc. In particular, it relates to a device for preventing siltation in underwater areas and a method for using the device to prevent siltation from occurring.

Background technique

During the construction and maintenance of ships, the ships need to be docked in waters with sufficient water depth, such as piers, docks or sinking pits. The riverbed/seabed below these waters, that is, the underwater area, with the flow of water and sediment, Flows may reduce water depth due to siltation, rendering these waters no longer suitable for use.

Take sinking pits as an example. Sinking pits refer to deep pits in rivers, lakes and seas formed by digging deep river or seabeds due to insufficient water depth. Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the sinking pit. The sinking pit is mainly formed by excavation of the underwater river bed, including a deep water area in the middle and a shallow water transition area around the deep water area. The bottom of the deep water area is flat and the shallow water The transition zone is an inclined plane or arc surface and extends from the deep water area to the river bed surface (i.e., the top surface of the sinking pit). Among them, the deep water area is the main working area of the sinking pit.

The sinking pit gradually transitions from the deep water area to the river bed in the form of segmented gentle slopes to form a shallow water transition zone, which can reduce the risk of sediment collapse. However, with the use of the sinking pit, the sediment in the river bed around the sinking pit will still be gradually deposited in the sinking pit driven by the water flow, and the sediment deposited in the sinking dock pit is difficult to be taken away with the water flow. , resulting in the sinking pit becoming shallow due to siltation, and ultimately causing the sinking pit to be unable to meet the use requirements due to insufficient water depth.

In addition to the sinking pit, it is also underwater in ports, dock basins, berthing waters, dock heads, dock gates and dock chambers, channel channels of waterways, sluice gate waters, upstream and downstream waterways, and reservoir areas. The region faces similar siltation problems. In order to solve the siltation problem in these underwater areas, it is necessary to clean it regularly or after siltation occurs in the sinkhole or other pit, door, chamber, tank, pool, waterway or reservoir area. The existing cleaning method is dredging, which involves re-excavating and pumping to clean up the accumulated sediment. Dredging of sediment takes a long time, is costly, and can cause water pollution.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of preventing sedimentation and a method for using the device to prevent sedimentation.

The anti-siltation device of the present invention includes a number of boxes that are nested in sequence and can float on the water; the box includes a top box, a bottom box and several inner boxes, and the bottoms of the top box and all inner boxes are All inner boxes of different sizes are placed outside the bottom box through the opening at the bottom. The top box is placed outside the outermost inner box through its bottom opening. Adjacent boxes can face each other along the inner wall of the box. move, and adjacent boxes are equipped with a snap-in structure to prevent each other from falling off; the tops of the top box, inner box and bottom box are provided with top holes in the same vertical direction along the same vertical direction, and the bottom of the bottom box is also provided with base plate.

The anti-siltation method of the present invention includes the following steps:

A. Set up several anti-siltation devices on the water surface above the underwater area, and the maximum extendable length of each anti-siltation device is greater than the depth at the corresponding position of the underwater area. At the same time, use a connecting mechanism to connect adjacent anti-siltation devices to each other. Connect as one;

B. Place a counterweight of appropriate weight into the anti-siltation device from the top hole of each anti-siltation device, so that each anti-siltation device is extended and the bottom of the bottom box is in contact with the bottom of the underwater area.

In the anti-siltation device and anti-siltation method of the present invention, the top box, bottom box and inner box can all float on the water surface, and can also sink underwater after placing counterweights inside the box; in addition, the anti-siltation device You can only set up the top box and the bottom box without setting up the inner box. You can also fix the top box and the bottom box into a whole to form a single box structure. You can also set one or two boxes between the top box and the bottom box. Or multiple inner boxes, the specific number of which can be selected as needed to meet the work requirements while reducing the device volume and production and maintenance costs. Before putting in the counterweight, all boxes are floating on the water. When it is necessary to use the anti-siltation device to prevent siltation in the underwater area, put a counterweight with sufficient weight into the top through the top hole on the top of the top box. inside the box, and since the top hole of the inner box is in the same vertical direction as the top hole of the top box, the counterweight placed will pass through the top box and all inner boxes in turn and enter the bottom box, and finally be supported by the bottom plate of the bottom box. After that, the counterweight drives the bottom box to sink into the water, and then drives the inner box and the top box to sink into the water along with the bottom box through the engagement structure between the boxes, until the bottom box The bottom of the device sinks to the bottom of the underwater area; at this time, the anti-siltation device remains in the current state, and the adjacent boxes of the device are always maintained as one through the opening and closing structure.

When the underwater area is completely or partially idle, multiple anti-siltation devices are placed on the water surface above the underwater area. These anti-siltation devices are connected to each other through connecting mechanisms and cover the idle range of the underwater area, and then the counterweights are placed on the water surface above the underwater area. Put it into each anti-siltation device, so that these anti-siltation devices can fill the idle part of the underwater area. At the same time, all or part of the top box of the anti-siltation device protrudes from the top surface of the underwater area, thereby preventing the sediment in the water from entering the water. Possible siltation areas in the underwater area to prevent the underwater area from becoming shallow; when the filled parts of the underwater area need to be put back into use, take out the counterweights from each anti-siltation device filled in the corresponding water area. These anti-siltation devices are in They shrink and resurface under the action of buoyancy. Finally, these anti-siltation devices are moved out of the water surface of the underwater area to be used, and the underwater area can resume normal working conditions.

Through this anti-siltation device and anti-siltation method, it can effectively prevent sediment from entering the underwater area and causing shallow sedimentation in the underwater area, greatly reducing the need to clean the underwater area, effectively improving work efficiency and reducing production. cost; in addition, the anti-siltation device has an extremely simple structure, but its effect is obvious. At the same time, the production cost is low, the working stability and reusability are extremely high, and it shrinks to form a box shape, which is extremely convenient for storage and transportation.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the underwater sedimentation-prone area of the sinking pit.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the anti-siltation device.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the anti-fouling device shown in Fig. 2 in its extended use state.

Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the engagement structure between adjacent boxes.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the top box.

Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial state after the anti-siltation device is placed on the water surface above the deep water area of the deep water area of the sinking pit according to one embodiment.

Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the working state of the anti-siltation device of one embodiment when it is sunk into the deep water area of the sinking pit.

Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial state of placing the anti-siltation device at the innermost side of the shallow water transition zone of the sinking pit according to one embodiment.

Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial state of the anti-siltation device placed in the middle section of the shallow water transition zone of the sinking pit according to one embodiment.

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the working state after the entire underwater area of the sinking pit is completely filled with the anti-siltation device according to one of the embodiments.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1-5, an anti-siltation device includes a number of boxes nested in sequence that can float on the water; the box includes a top box 1, a bottom box 2 and several inner boxes 3. The bottom of the box and all inner boxes are open. All inner boxes of different sizes are placed outside the bottom box through the opening at the bottom. The top box is placed outside the outermost inner box through its bottom opening. The adjacent boxes They can move relative to each other along the inner wall of the box, and adjacent boxes are equipped with a snap-in structure to prevent each other from falling off; the tops of the top box, inner box and bottom box are provided with top holes along the same vertical direction that can accommodate items. 5. There is also a bottom plate 6 at the bottom of the bottom box.

The top box, bottom box and inner box can all float on the water surface, and can also sink underwater after placing counterweights inside the box; in addition, the anti-siltation device can only be provided with the top box and bottom box without the inner box. box, the top box and the bottom box can also be fixed to each other as a whole to form a single box structure. One, two or more inner boxes can also be set between the top box and the bottom box. The specific number can be determined as needed. Choose to meet the work requirements while reducing the device volume and production and maintenance costs. Before putting in the counterweight, all boxes are floating on the water. When it is necessary to use the anti-siltation device to prevent siltation in the underwater area, put a counterweight with sufficient weight into the top through the top hole on the top of the top box. inside the box, and since the top hole of the inner box is in the same vertical direction as the top hole of the top box, the counterweight placed will pass through the top box and all inner boxes in turn and enter the bottom box, and finally be supported by the bottom plate of the bottom box. After that, the counterweight drives the bottom box to sink into the water, and then drives the inner box and the top box to sink into the water along with the bottom box through the engagement structure between the boxes, until the bottom box The bottom of the device sinks to the bottom of the underwater area; at this time, the anti-siltation device remains in the current state, and the adjacent boxes of the device are always maintained as one through the opening and closing structure.

In the anti-siltation device, the bottom shape of the bottom box 2 is horizontal or consistent with the shape of the bottom wall of the filling area. When the bottom box sinks to the bottom of the deep water area or shallow water transition zone of the underwater area, the bottom box can cover the corresponding bottom to prevent sediment from entering the underwater area.

The anti-fouling device, the engaging structure includes a blocking block 7 extending from the outer wall of the inner box, and a blocking block 8 extending from the inner wall of the outer housing, and the blocking block is at least partially located in the vertical direction of the blocking block. Below, before the counterweight is put in, the inner box is hidden inside the outer box due to the buoyancy. After the counterweight is put in, the inner box moves downward until the inner box is stuck. After the blocks of the block and the outer box are pressed against each other, the inner box stops moving downward relative to the outer box, and the two adjacent boxes are in a relative maximum open state; this kind of snap-in structure It is relatively simple, has high structural strength, stable operation and long service life. In addition, the engaging structure can also include guide rails installed between adjacent boxes and guide wheels that move along the guide rails. This structure has higher working smoothness; in addition, the engaging structure can also be Other structures that can move relative to each other and prevent them from falling off each other.

In the anti-siltation device, the top box 1 and the inner box 3 can have a top opening structure, and the top opening is the top hole 5; or, the top of the top box 1 and the inner box 3 is equipped with a top plate 9, and the top hole 5 is provided. on the roof. The installation of the former structure and the placement of counterweights are easier, while the latter structure has higher structural strength and works more stably. In addition, the top box 1 is provided with a cover or a top cover (not shown) that opens the top hole 5 to prevent debris from falling into the box.

The top of the top box 1 of the anti-siltation device is equipped with a connecting mechanism that is connected to the top boxes of other anti-siltation devices. The connecting mechanism can be a buckle that engages with each other, or a slot and a rod. , it can also include, as shown in Figure 5, a horizontally arranged connection hole 4 opened at the top side of the top box 1, and the two can be connected by passing ropes, tie ropes, etc. through the connection holes of the top boxes of adjacent anti-siltation devices. The anti-siltation device is bundled into one for use in underwater areas to prevent siltation.

In one embodiment, the top of the top box 1 of the anti-siltation device is horizontal, and the top boxes of multiple anti-siltation devices are closely connected through connecting mechanisms. After being sunk in place, the top boxes of the anti-siltation devices can be blocked. , to prevent sediment from entering the underwater area.

An anti-siltation method includes the following steps:

A. Set up several anti-siltation devices on the water surface above the underwater area, and the maximum extendable length of each anti-siltation device is greater than the depth at the corresponding position of the underwater area. At the same time, use a connecting mechanism to connect adjacent anti-siltation devices to each other. Connect as one;

B. Place a counterweight of appropriate weight into the anti-siltation device from the top hole of each anti-siltation device, so that each anti-siltation device is extended and the bottom of the bottom box is in contact with the bottom of the underwater area.

The described anti-siltation method first completes steps A and B in the deep water area of the underwater area, and then completes steps A and B in the shallow water transition area; and during the operation in the shallow water transition area, gradually from the inside to the outside of the deep water area To complete steps A and B, you can specifically divide the shallow water transition area into several areas from the inside to the outside, and gradually complete steps A and B from the inside to the outside. This allows targeted operations at different depths in the underwater area to improve work convenience and accuracy.

In the described anti-siltation method, a drawstring is provided on the counterweight, one end of the drawstring falls into the anti-siltation device along with the counterweight, and the other end remains outside the anti-siltation device; the end of the drawstring is located outside the anti-siltation device. It can be fixed on the anti-siltation device, or it can be tied to a buoy that can float on the water surface, so that the counterweight can be taken out again by pulling the rope.

According to the anti-siltation method, the top cover on the anti-siltation device is opened, and after the counterweight is put into the anti-siltation device, the top cover is re-closed to prevent sediment from entering the anti-siltation device.

When using the anti-siltation device to prevent sedimentation in the underwater area, first place the anti-siltation device above the deep water area of the underwater area, as shown in Figure 6; after the anti-siltation device above the deep water area sinks to the bottom of the deep water area, as shown in Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the anti-siltation device is gradually placed from the inside to the outside, as shown in Figures 8 and 9; until the entire underwater area is filled with anti-siltation devices, as shown in Figure 10.

The described anti-siltation method can also be used to prevent sedimentation in the idle part when some areas of the water area that need to be anti-siltation are in working condition and other parts of the area are in idle state.

Claims (10)

1. An anti-fouling device, characterized in that: comprises a plurality of box bodies which are nested in sequence and can float on water; the box body comprises a top box (1) and a bottom box (2), the bottom of the top box is opened, the bottom box is sleeved inside, the top box and the bottom box can relatively move along the inner wall of the box body, and a clamping structure for preventing mutual falling is arranged between the top box and the bottom box; the tops of the top box and the bottom box are provided with top holes (5) for placing articles along the same vertical direction, and the bottom of the bottom box is also provided with a bottom plate (6); the plurality of boxes are placed on water and are connected with each other through the connecting mechanism, and the counterweight is placed from the top hole so that the bottom of the boxes extends to the water bottom.

2. The anti-fouling device of claim 1, wherein: the top box (1) and the bottom box (2) are mutually fixed into a whole.

3. An anti-fouling device, characterized in that: comprises a plurality of box bodies which are nested in sequence and can float on water; the box body comprises a top box (1), a bottom box (2) and a plurality of inner boxes (3), wherein the bottoms of the top box and all the inner boxes are opened, all the inner boxes are not sleeved outside the bottom box in sequence through the openings at the bottoms, the top box is sleeved outside the inner box at the outermost layer through the openings at the bottoms of the top box, adjacent box bodies can relatively move along the inner wall of the box body, and a clamping structure for preventing mutual falling is arranged between the adjacent box bodies; the tops of the top box, the inner box and the bottom box are provided with top holes (5) for placing articles along the same vertical direction, and the bottom of the bottom box is also provided with a bottom plate (6); the plurality of boxes are placed on water and are connected with each other through the connecting mechanism, and the counterweight is placed from the top hole so that the bottom of the boxes extends to the water bottom.

4. A fouling prevention device according to claim 3, characterised in that: the bottom of the bottom box (2) is horizontal or is matched with the bottom wall of the filling area.

5. A fouling prevention device according to claim 3, characterised in that: the clamping structure comprises a clamping block (7) extending from the outer wall of the inner layer box body, and a stop block (8) extending from the inner wall of the outer layer box body, wherein the stop block is at least partially positioned below the clamping block in the vertical direction.

6. A fouling prevention device according to claim 3, characterised in that: top plates (9) are arranged at the tops of the top box (1) and the inner box (3), and top holes (5) are formed in the top plates; a top cover for sealing or opening the top hole (5) is arranged on the top box (1).

7. A fouling prevention device according to claim 3, characterised in that: the top of the top box (1) is provided with a connecting mechanism which is connected with the top boxes of other anti-fouling devices.

8. A method of anti-fouling using the anti-fouling device of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3-7, comprising the steps of:

A. a plurality of anti-fouling devices are arranged on the water surface above the underwater area, the extendable maximum length of each anti-fouling device is larger than the depth of the corresponding position of the underwater area, and meanwhile, the adjacent anti-fouling devices are connected into a whole by using a connecting mechanism;

B. weights of appropriate weight are placed into the anti-fouling devices from the top apertures of the respective anti-fouling devices, such that the respective anti-fouling devices extend and the bottom of the bottom tank is in contact with the bottom of the underwater area.

9. The anti-fouling method of claim 8, wherein: step A, B is first completed in the deepwater zone of the underwater zone and then step A, B is gradually completed from inside to outside in the shallow water transition zone.

10. The anti-fouling method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: a pull rope is arranged on the counterweight, one end of the pull rope falls into the anti-fouling device along with the counterweight, and the other end of the pull rope is left outside the anti-fouling device.