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CN109649573A - 一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨 - Google Patents

一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨 Download PDF

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CN109649573A
CN109649573A CN201811651369.3A CN201811651369A CN109649573A CN 109649573 A CN109649573 A CN 109649573A CN 201811651369 A CN201811651369 A CN 201811651369A CN 109649573 A CN109649573 A CN 109649573A
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沈恒
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，所述船艇包括船本体，所述桨包括桨本体，所述船本体和桨本体的桨叶包括中间支撑层、减震层、炭纤维层、减阻层，中间支撑层为三维互锁内凹蜂窝式结构，该中间支撑层外包裹有减阻层，所述减震层为多孔泡沫板结构，所述减震层外设有碳纤维层，所述炭纤维层外设有减阻层，所述桨叶的正面和背面的碳纤维层外均设有一道或多道呈V型凸起的分水线。能够大大减少船艇、桨在运动时的阻力，减水阻摩擦力，将非动力能量损耗尽量减小。

Description

一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨
技术领域
本发明属于静水竞速类比赛专用器材技术领域，尤其涉及一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨。
背景技术
现有静水竞速类比赛船艇及用桨包括龙舟，赛艇，皮划艇等静水竞速类比赛的船桨设计不足和问题如下：
1、现有静水竞速类比赛船艇及用桨在设计上采用的都是平面或光滑面设计，在设计上存在单一性，不具有多样性；
2、现有静水竞速类比赛船艇及用桨在设计上采用的都是实心或中空设计，减震性较差，因为静水比赛的船艇与划桨时刻受周期性的桨力驱动，每一划桨都经历减速过程，船桨除前进方向运动外，还受非前进方向的影响，如风浪，摇晃，颠簸等运动的波动影响，水阻摩擦所引起的阻力约占总阻力的70％至80％，在高速运动时，摩擦阻力约占总阻力的40％左右，造成划行中非动能损耗。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足之处，本发明提供一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，能够大大减少船艇、桨在运动时的阻力，减水阻摩擦力，将非动力能量损耗尽量减小。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，所述船艇包括船本体，所述桨包括桨本体，所述船本体和桨本体的桨叶包括中间支撑层、减震层、炭纤维层、减阻层，中间支撑层为三维互锁内凹蜂窝式结构，该中间支撑层外包裹有减阻层，所述减震层为多孔泡沫板结构，所述减震层外设有碳纤维层，所述炭纤维层外设有减阻层，所述桨叶的正面和背面的碳纤维层外均设有一道或多道呈V型凸起的分水线。
在上述技术方案中，所述减阻层包括仿生鲨鱼皮和极限流线，所述仿生鲨鱼皮设置在船本体与水接触以下的部分，所述极限流线设置在船本体与水接触以上的部分，桨叶背面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮，桨叶正面的减阻层为极限流线。
在上述技术方案中，桨叶背面的减阻层为极限流线，桨叶正面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮。
在上述技术方案中，所述桨本体的桨杆包括从内到外设置的中间支撑层、减震层和炭纤维层。
在上述技术方案中，所述减震层包括一层或多层多孔泡沫板。
在上述技术方案中，所述船本体的尾部设有扰流板。
本发明的有益效果是：仿生鲨鱼皮或者极限流线结构可以稳定层流减少晃动的作用达到减阻效果，能够改变附近流体运动状态，有效抑制和延迟湍流的发生，从而实现减阻效果；内凹蜂窝式设计结构为三维互锁结构，起到减震支撑作用，使船艇在外界流体相对运动情况下，改变层流附面层的边界条件，使边界柔顺化，减少边界面的流速梯度和边界面的剪切力，防止发生湍流或紊流发出，解决了船桨结构设计中难以兼顾面内刚度低于异面刚度高的问题，并且在相对变形位移的条件下，所需的驱动力更小；扰流板可使船在运动时，船尾相应增加下压的压力，船的头部会抬起，减少船头吃水面积，从而减少水阻阻力，并且可以通过调节船尾扰流板设置提升船艇尾部稳定性减少尾流的晃动与颠簸。
附图说明
图1为本发明的俯视结构示意图。
图2图1中桨本体的结构示意图。
图3为船本体或桨叶的剖视结构示意图。
图4为图3中多孔泡沫板的结构示意图。
图5为图3中中间支撑层的结构示意图。
图6为图5中单个内凹式蜂窝的结构示意图。
图7为图2中桨杆的剖视结构示意图。
图8为极限流线的结构示意图。
其中：1.船本体，2.桨本体，3.中间支撑层，4.减震层，5.炭纤维层，6.减阻层，7.分水线，8.极限流线，9.扰流板，S1：前驻点， S2：后驻点。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1-图8所示的一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，所述船艇包括船本体1，所述桨包括桨本体2，所述船本体1和桨本体2的桨叶包括中间支撑层3、减震层4、炭纤维层5、减阻层6，中间支撑层 3为三维互锁内凹蜂窝式结构，该中间支撑层3外包裹有减阻层4，所述减震层4为多孔泡沫板结构，所述减震层4外设有碳纤维层5，所述炭纤维层5外设有减阻层6，所述桨叶的正面和背面的碳纤维层外均设有一道或多道呈V型凸起的分水线7。
在上述技术方案中，所述减阻层6包括仿生鲨鱼皮和极限流线8，所述仿生鲨鱼皮设置在船本体1与水接触以下的部分，所述极限流线 8设置在船本体与水接触以上的部分，桨叶背面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮，桨叶正面的减阻层为极限流线。
在上述技术方案中，桨叶背面的减阻层为极限流线8，桨叶正面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮。
在上述技术方案中，所述桨本体2的桨杆包括从内到外设置的支撑层、减震层和炭纤维层。桨杆在使用的时候，会受到较大的力从而发生形变甚至损坏，中间支撑层和减震层可以既可以能够起到很强的支撑作用，又能允许一定量的形变，使用时更省力、更坚固。
在上述技术方案中，所述减震层4包括一层或多层多孔泡沫板。
在上述技术方案中，所述船本体1的尾部设有扰流板9。
采用无限靠近流体力学中壁面的极限流线的(形状或形态的外观设计)，通过在碳纤板表层或表面以互锁交错结构组成(这种结构没有一相形成贯穿整个式样的连续相，而且两项相互交错形成层状排列。难以区分连续相和分散相，我们统称为两相共连续结构，其结构包括层状结构和互锁结构)，并且在极限流线的表面上，增加V型凸起分水线条的设计，采用一条或N多条设计的极限流线的(形状或形态) 堆叠构成的，起到分水减阻效果的。
极限流线：就是无限靠近壁面的流线。极限流线上个点的速度不等于零。由于粘性流体绕物在物体后面会形成尾流，上下翼面的极限流线在物体后面没有交汇点，因此，真实流畅中，翼型绕流只有前驻点，而没有后驻点。
驻点：理想流体绕翼型流动时，流体沿翼型表面可以滑动，因此，表面曲线可以当做流线。在前驻点S1来流流线分开；在后驻点S2上下两条流线汇合，S1、S2两个点都是驻点。
静水比赛船艇和桨极限流线的计算与设计方法：
1、船艇CFD数值模拟计算船艇船桨在不同速度下受水阻粘压阻力、粘性摩擦阻力及形成因子(如风浪、摇晃、颠簸)因素数据影响，进行数据剥离，得出不同速度下船艇船桨在水阻的相关数据数值。
2、通过航空CFD数值模拟数据代入，计算剥离不同速度下船艇水阻粘性及其因素影响数据数值，在相对同速下进行数据数值计算，得出船艇船桨在行进中的极限流线的模型外观及其形态。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，所述船艇包括船本体，所述桨包括桨本体，其特征是：所述船本体和桨本体的桨叶包括中间支撑层、减震层、炭纤维层、减阻层，中间支撑层为三维互锁内凹蜂窝式结构，该中间支撑层外包裹有减阻层，所述减震层为多孔泡沫板结构，所述减震层外设有碳纤维层，所述炭纤维层外设有减阻层，所述桨叶的正面和背面的碳纤维层外均设有一道或多道呈V型凸起的分水线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，其特征是：所述减阻层包括仿生鲨鱼皮和极限流线，所述仿生鲨鱼皮设置在船本体与水接触以下的部分，所述极限流线设置在船本体与水接触以上的部分，桨叶背面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮，桨叶正面的减阻层为极限流线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，其特征是：桨叶背面的减阻层为极限流线，桨叶正面的减阻层为仿生鲨鱼皮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，其特征是：所述桨本体的桨杆包括从内到外设置的中间支撑层、减震层和炭纤维层。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，其特征是：所述减震层包括一层或多层多孔泡沫板。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型静水比赛专用的船艇和桨，其特征是：所述船本体的尾部设有扰流板。
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