CN109641276B - Atomized powder making equipment and atomized powder making method - Google Patents
Atomized powder making equipment and atomized powder making method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109641276B CN109641276B CN201880002384.7A CN201880002384A CN109641276B CN 109641276 B CN109641276 B CN 109641276B CN 201880002384 A CN201880002384 A CN 201880002384A CN 109641276 B CN109641276 B CN 109641276B
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 183
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0888—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid casting construction of the melt process, apparatus, intermediate reservoir, e.g. tundish, devices for temperature control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an atomization powder making device which is provided with an open smelting furnace and a tundish, wherein the open smelting furnace and the tundish are respectively used for smelting molten steel, and the molten steel content in the open smelting furnace is kept sufficient, so that the tundish can quickly receive the molten steel from the open smelting furnace, and then a spray ladle is poured. Furthermore, on one hand, a plurality of tundishes, such as two tundishes, can be designed, so that the two tundishes can alternately receive molten steel from the open smelting furnace, and the same spray ladle is continuously poured for multiple times; on the other hand, a plurality of spraying bags can be designed to save the time consumed by replacing the spraying bags. Therefore, the time and the operation rate of powder making can be improved, and the refractory material in the spray bag can be saved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of metal powder making, in particular to an atomization powder making device and an atomization powder making method.
Background
Atomization pulverization refers to a powder preparation method in which a metal or alloy liquid is broken into fine droplets by the impact of a rapidly moving fluid (atomizing medium), and then condensed into solid powder. Atomization milling is the best method for producing fully alloyed powders, the product of which is known as pre-alloyed powder. Each particle of this powder not only has exactly the same uniform chemical composition as a given molten alloy, but also refines the crystalline structure due to rapid solidification, eliminating macro-segregation of the second phase.
The vacuum gas atomization powder preparation method is a novel process developed in the metal powder manufacturing industry in recent years. It has the advantages of difficult oxidation of the material, fast quenching of the metal powder, high automation degree, etc. The specific process is that after metal and alloy material are smelted and refined in an induction furnace, the molten metal liquid is poured into a heat-insulating crucible and enters a flow guide pipe, and at the moment, the solution flow is atomized by high-pressure gas flow sprayed from a nozzle. The atomized metal liquid drops are solidified and settled in the atomizing tower and fall into a powder collecting tank.
Fig. 1 shows an atomizing apparatus, wherein a smelting furnace 120 is disposed in a smelting chamber 110, the prepared raw materials are first charged into the smelting furnace 120, then the smelting chamber 110 is vacuumized, and in a vacuum environment, the smelting furnace 120 is used for smelting raw materials (such as scrap steel and silicon, which can be selected and proportioned according to the type of powder to be produced) into molten steel, and then the molten steel is poured into a ladle 130, the ladle 130 comprises a thermal insulation crucible, a flow guide pipe and a nozzle, the molten steel flows into the flow guide pipe from the thermal insulation crucible, and then is atomized into an atomizing chamber 140 by a high-pressure gas flow ejected from the nozzle when flowing out of the flow guide pipe, and is solidified and settled in the atomizing chamber and falls into a powder collecting device. It should be noted that the atomizing chamber 140 shown in fig. 1 is only a part of the atomizing chamber (or called as an atomizing tower) connected to the spray package 130, the entire atomizing chamber is not shown, and a powder collecting device and the like connected to the atomizing chamber are also not shown.
Atomizing powder preparation is carried out based on the atomizing equipment shown in figure 1, and the following defects exist: 1) the operation rate of milling is low: a smelting furnace, for example, a smelting furnace with the mass of 200-500kg capable of accommodating molten steel, and the preparation time from melting raw materials to molten steel to the temperature is 90-100 min; the milling time is 15-30 min; the powder preparation time of 24h continuous production is only 3-4 h. 2) Refractory materials (i.e., refractory materials) are costly and need to be replaced every heat of molten steel poured. To assist understanding, point 2) will be briefly described here: the inner sides of the heat-retaining chamber and the draft tube in the ladle are covered with refractory material, usually a crucible, and the service life of the refractory material is limited, for example, in the casting process, for a certain refractory material, when the mass of molten steel flowing through the ladle is within 1800kg, the refractory material can act to resist the high temperature of the molten steel without softening and melting down, and assuming that the mass of molten steel that can be contained in the smelting furnace 120 is 300kg, the ladle 130 can actually support the casting of molten steel for 6 heats at a time. However, in the actual powder making process, the smelting furnace needs to prepare a new furnace of molten steel after pouring 1 heat of molten steel into the ladle 130, and after the ladle 130 receives one heat of molten steel, that is, after 300kg of molten steel, because no heating device is arranged around the guide pipe, the molten steel flowing through the guide pipe will be cooled gradually, and the molten steel will hang on the inner wall of the guide pipe or block the guide pipe, if the smelting furnace 120 continues to pour the ladle 130 after preparing a new furnace of molten steel, the atomization effect will be seriously affected, and therefore, even if the service life of the refractory is not exhausted, the refractory must be replaced.
From the above, it is necessary to provide a reasonable scheme for increasing the effective milling time per unit time, thereby increasing the powder yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the specification provides atomizing powder making equipment, which is provided with an open smelting furnace and a tundish for receiving molten steel, wherein the open smelting furnace and the tundish are respectively used for smelting the molten steel, and the molten steel content in the open smelting furnace is kept sufficient, so that the tundish can receive the molten steel rapidly from the open smelting furnace, and then a spray ladle is poured. Furthermore, on one hand, a plurality of tundishes, such as two tundishes, can be designed, so that the two tundishes can alternately receive molten steel from the open smelting furnace, and the same spray ladle is continuously poured for multiple times; on the other hand, a plurality of spraying bags can be designed to save the time consumed by replacing the spraying bags.
In a first aspect, an atomized powder making apparatus is provided, which includes: an open type smelting furnace for smelting raw materials into molten steel; a tundish for receiving molten steel from the open type smelting furnace, maintaining the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pouring the molten steel into a ladle; the spraying bag is used for atomizing molten steel poured into the spraying bag into the atomizing chamber in a first state, and the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connection with the atomizing chamber; the atomizing chamber is used for condensing molten steel liquid drops atomized into metal powder.
In one embodiment, further comprising: the vacuum smelting cabin is used for accommodating the tundish and the spray ladle; and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting cabin and is used for guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the sealing and guiding device is composed of an inner layer material and an outer layer material, wherein the inner layer material is a refractory material, and the outer layer material is a metal material.
In another specific embodiment, the method further comprises: a compartment disposed towards an interior or exterior of the vacuum melting chamber based on a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber, the compartment including a movable first baffle and a movable second baffle vertically opposite the first baffle, the compartment for ingress and egress of the ladle into the vacuum melting chamber, and for maintaining a hypoxic state within the vacuum melting chamber during ingress and egress of the ladle into the vacuum melting chamber in conjunction with a vacuum pumping apparatus.
In one embodiment, the tundish is an induction furnace with a heating function.
In one embodiment, the volume of the open smelting furnace is larger than the volume of the tundish.
In a second aspect, an atomized powder making method based on the apparatus provided in the first aspect is provided, including: determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish; determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, carrying the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again by using the tundish, and replacing a refractory material of the spray ladle; determining that the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material by using a tundish after continuously receiving the molten steel, and controlling the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material to atomize the molten steel poured into the spray ladle into an atomizing chamber.
In one embodiment, raw materials for smelting molten steel are added to the open smelting furnace when the amount of molten steel in the open smelting furnace is below a corresponding preset threshold.
In one embodiment, the equipment further comprises a vacuum smelting chamber and a sealing flow guide device, wherein the vacuum smelting chamber contains the tundish and the spray ladle, and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting chamber; the receiving of molten steel from the open smelting furnace by means of a tundish includes: and guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish through the sealing guiding device.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the raw material for melting molten steel includes an oxidizable material, and the determining that the quality of molten steel melted in the open smelting furnace meets a preset standard includes: determining that the quality of molten steel smelted based on raw materials except the easily-oxidizable material in the open smelting furnace reaches a corresponding preset standard; before receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the tundish, the method further comprises the following steps: and putting the easily-oxidizable material into the tundish, so that the tundish melts the easily-oxidizable material into the molten steel received by the tundish in the vacuum smelting chamber.
In another specific embodiment, the replacing the refractory material of the spray bag includes: controlling the spray ladle to exit the vacuum smelting chamber; and replacing the refractory material of the spray ladle outside the vacuum melting cabin.
Further, in one example, the apparatus further comprises: a compartment disposed towards an exterior of the vacuum melting chamber based on a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber, the compartment comprising a movable first baffle belonging to the sidewall and a movable second baffle vertically opposed to the first baffle; the control of the spray ladle out of the vacuum melting chamber comprises: controlling the first baffle plate to move to an opening state, and controlling the spray bag to move into the compartment; controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state; and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum smelting cabin.
Still further, in a specific example, after the replacing the refractory material of the spray package, the method further includes: determining that the second baffle is in an open state, and controlling the spray ladle to move into the compartment; controlling the second baffle to move to a closed state, and vacuumizing the first compartment by using vacuumizing equipment; determining that the compartment is in a low oxygen state, and controlling the spray ladle to move to the vacuum melting chamber.
In a third aspect, an atomized powder producing apparatus is provided, which includes: an open type smelting furnace for smelting raw materials into molten steel; a plurality of tundishes for alternately receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace and continuously and alternately pouring the molten steel into the spraying ladles; the spraying ladle is used for atomizing the molten steel continuously poured into the spraying ladle into the atomizing chamber in a first state, and the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connecting with the atomizing chamber; the atomizing chamber is used for condensing molten steel liquid drops atomized into the atomizing chamber into metal powder.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a vacuum melting chamber for containing the plurality of tundish and the spray ladle; and the sealed flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting cabin and is used for guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the plurality of tundishes.
In a fourth aspect, there is provided an atomized powder making method based on the apparatus provided in the third aspect, wherein the plurality of tundishes in the apparatus include a first tundish and a second tundish, and the method includes: determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the first tundish; determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a first tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; wherein, in the process of pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using the first tundish after receiving the molten steel, the second tundish is used for receiving the molten steel from the open smelting furnace; determining that the amount of molten steel in the first tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, and continuously pouring the molten steel into the first spray ladle by using a second tundish which receives the molten steel; and in the process of continuously pouring the molten steel into the first spraying ladle by using the second tundish after receiving the molten steel, receiving the molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the first tundish again.
In one embodiment, further comprising: replacing the refractory of the spray ladle after the spray ladle atomizes molten steel with a preset tundish number; determining that the spray ladle after the refractory material is replaced is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spray ladle after the refractory material is replaced by using a first tundish or a second tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spray ladle after the refractory material is replaced to atomize the molten steel poured into the spray ladle into an atomizing chamber.
In a fifth aspect, an atomized powder producing apparatus is provided, which includes: an open type smelting furnace for smelting raw materials into molten steel; a tundish for receiving molten steel from the open type smelting furnace, maintaining the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pouring the molten steel into a ladle; the plurality of spray ladles comprise a first spray ladle and a second spray ladle, the first spray ladle is used for atomizing molten steel poured into the first spray ladle into an atomizing chamber in a first state, the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connection with the atomizing chamber, and the second spray ladle is used for replacing the first spray ladle after the tundish finishes pouring the first spray ladle so as to pour the second spray ladle after the tundish continues to receive the molten steel from the open smelting furnace; the atomizing chamber is used for condensing molten steel liquid drops atomized into the atomizing chamber into metal powder.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a vacuum melting chamber for accommodating the tundish and the plurality of spray ladles; and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting cabin and is used for guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the method further comprises: a plurality of compartments having the same number as the plurality of nozzle ladles, wherein each compartment is respectively arranged on the basis of a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, wherein each compartment is respectively used for leading each nozzle ladle corresponding to each compartment to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber, and is used for combining with a vacuum pumping device to maintain a low oxygen state in the vacuum melting chamber during the process that each nozzle ladle enters and exits the vacuum melting chamber.
In another specific embodiment, the method further comprises: the spraying bags are fixedly arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular rail, and the annular rail is used for enabling the spraying bags to move to a pouring position one by one so as to receive pouring of the tundish.
In a further specific embodiment, the method further comprises: the annular rails are used for enabling each spraying bag in the spraying bags to rotate to a pouring position to receive pouring of the tundish and enabling each spraying bag to rotate to a cabin outlet position to be discharged out of the vacuum melting cabin through a compartment; the compartment is arranged on the basis of the side wall of the vacuum smelting chamber, comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, is used for enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum smelting chamber, and is used for keeping the interior of the vacuum smelting chamber in a low-oxygen state in the process of enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum smelting chamber by combining with a vacuum pumping device.
In a sixth aspect, an atomized powder making method based on the apparatus provided in the fifth aspect includes: determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish; determining that a first spray ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the first spray ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the first spray ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the first spray ladle into an atomizing chamber; determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold, carrying the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again by using the tundish, and replacing the first spray ladle by using a second spray ladle; and determining that the second spraying ladle is in the first state, pouring molten steel into the second spraying ladle by using the tundish after continuous molten steel connection, and controlling the second spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the second spraying ladle into the atomizing chamber.
In one embodiment, the equipment further comprises a vacuum smelting chamber and a sealing flow guide device, wherein the vacuum smelting chamber contains the tundish and the at least one spray ladle, and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting chamber; the receiving of molten steel from the open smelting furnace by means of a tundish includes: and guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish through the sealed guiding device.
Further, in a specific embodiment, after determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, the method further includes: controlling the first ladle to exit the vacuum melting chamber; and replacing the refractory material of the first spray ladle outside the vacuum melting cabin.
Further, in one example, the apparatus further comprises a plurality of compartments having the same number as the plurality of spray ladles, wherein each compartment is respectively disposed toward an outside of the vacuum melting chamber based on a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, and the each compartment comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate; the controlling the first ladle to exit the vacuum melting chamber comprises: controlling the first baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the spray bag to move into the compartment; controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state; and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum smelting cabin.
On the other hand, in a specific embodiment, the equipment further comprises an annular rail, the annular rail is positioned in the vacuum smelting chamber, and the plurality of spray ladles are fixedly arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular rail; the replacing the first spraying bag by the second spraying bag comprises the following steps: and controlling the annular track to rotate so as to enable the second spraying ladle to move to a pouring position.
Further, in one example, the method further comprises: after controlling the spraying bags to sequentially receive pouring, opening the vacuum melting cabin to replace refractory materials of the spraying bags.
In a further aspect, in a specific embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an annular track located inside the vacuum melting chamber, the plurality of spray ladles being detachably arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular track, and a compartment arranged towards the outside of the vacuum melting chamber on the basis of a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, the compartment comprising a movable first baffle belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle vertically opposite to the first baffle; the replacing the first spraying bag by the second spraying bag comprises the following steps: controlling the annular track to rotate so as to enable the second spraying ladle to move to a pouring position and the first spraying ladle to move to a cabin outlet position; after the first spraying bag moves to the cabin outlet position, the method further comprises the following steps: controlling the first baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the first spraying bag to move to the compartment; controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state; and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the first spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum melting cabin so as to replace the refractory material of the first spraying ladle.
Further, in one example, after the refractory material of the first spray package is replaced, the method further includes: determining that the second baffle is in an open state, and controlling the first spraying packet to move into the compartment; controlling the second baffle to move to a closed state, and vacuumizing the first compartment by using vacuumizing equipment; and determining that the compartment is in a low oxygen state, and controlling the first spraying bag to move to the annular track.
Therefore, the atomized powder making equipment and the atomized powder making method provided by the embodiment of the specification have the following beneficial effects: 1. the extravehicular open type smelting furnace plays a role in smelting molten steel, and meanwhile, the purity of the molten steel (such as standing treatment and the like) can be ensured in the smelting process, and molten steel-making water and the whole powder-making process do not conflict; 2. the induction furnace in the cabin does not need to be smelted, pure molten steel can be received at any time, the molten steel is prepared from the completion of the molten steel pouring to the next furnace, and only about 10min is needed, so that the powder preparation time is greatly saved; 3. after the powder preparation of the current spraying bag is finished, one of other spraying bags is preheated to the temperature and prepared, and the powder preparation can be carried out after molten steel is received in the cabin; 4. each spraying bag enters and exits the cabin body in a reliable sealing mode, and the oxygen content of the spraying bag entering and exiting the cabin body can be guaranteed not to be influenced; 5. when two middle packets are used in the cabin, one spraying packet can continuously use 5-6 heats for milling or even more, so that the continuity of milling is improved, and the use cost of refractory materials is greatly saved; 6. the preparation time of the powder making is reduced, and even seamless connection can be realized, so that the operation rate of the powder making is improved to more than 15h/24h, even to 24h/24 h.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments disclosed in the present specification, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art atomizing apparatus;
FIG. 2 illustrates an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to another embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to yet another embodiment;
FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of a method for atomizing a powder based on the apparatus of FIG. 2, according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 illustrates an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method for atomizing coal based on the apparatus of FIG. 6 according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 illustrates an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to another embodiment;
FIG. 10 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to yet another embodiment;
FIG. 11 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to yet another embodiment;
FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram of a method for atomizing a powder based on the apparatus of FIG. 8 according to an embodiment;
FIG. 13 illustrates an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to one embodiment;
fig. 14 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to another embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present specification, unlike the smelting furnace 120 shown in fig. 1, which is designed as an open smelting furnace and a tundish, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the open smelting furnace 210 pours molten steel into the tundish 221 after smelting the molten steel, and then pours the molten steel into the tundish 231 from the tundish 221. Because raw materials can be continuously added into the open smelting furnace to ensure that the molten steel in the open smelting furnace is sufficient, the molten steel can be directly continuously connected from the open smelting furnace 210 after the molten steel in the tundish 221 is completely poured into the spray ladle 231, and the continuous molten steel connection process can be controlled within 10min, compared with the situation that the molten steel needs to be prepared according to the number of furnaces in the smelting furnace 120 in the figure 1, and the time consumed by each furnace is 90-100min, the preparation time of the molten steel is greatly reduced. It should be noted that the atomization powder making device provided in this specification may be used for both gas atomization powder making and water atomization powder making, that is, the atomization medium is not limited.
The atomized powder making equipment and the atomized powder making method based on the atomized powder making equipment provided by the embodiment of the specification are described in detail below. The method comprises the following specific steps:
fig. 2 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment, which may include an open type melting furnace 210, a tundish 221, a spray ladle 231, and an atomizing chamber 240. It is noted that the supporting means of the open smelting furnace 210 and the tundish 221 are not shown in fig. 2, and the relative positions of the open smelting furnace 210, the tundish 221, the tundish 231 and the atomizing chamber 240 are shown by way of example only.
Specifically, wherein the open smelting furnace 210 is used to smelt raw materials into molten steel, the tundish 221 is used to receive the molten steel from the open smelting furnace 210, maintain the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pour the molten steel into the ladle. Further, the ladle 231 is used to atomize the molten steel poured therein into the atomizing chamber in a first state, wherein the first state of the ladle is heating to a preset temperature and connecting with the atomizing chamber. And the atomizing chamber 240 serves to condense molten steel atomized therein, i.e., molten steel droplets, into metal powder.
In one embodiment, the capacity V1 of the open smelting furnace 210 to molten steel is greater than the capacity V2 of the tundish to molten steel. In a specific embodiment, the ratio of V1 to V2 is greater than or equal to 2. In one example, the open smelting furnace 210 may be used to smelt 1000kg of molten steel, and the tundish 221 may be used to receive 400kg of molten steel.
In one embodiment, the tundish 221 may be an induction furnace with a heating function.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the atomized powder manufacturing apparatus may further include a vacuum melting chamber 250 for accommodating the tundish 221 and the injector 231, and the open-type melting furnace 210 is disposed outside the vacuum melting chamber 250. It should be noted that the vacuum melting chamber is provided to create a low oxygen atmosphere to prevent molten steel from being oxidized during the pouring process, especially for highly reactive metals contained in the molten steel, such as Al, and when the molten steel to be melted does not include highly reactive metals, i.e. when the molten steel is not required to be oxidized, the vacuum melting chamber may not be provided, or the provided melting chamber may not be vacuumized. Further, the atomizing powder making apparatus may further include a sealing flow guide device connected to a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber 250 for guiding the molten steel in the open melting furnace 210 to the tundish 221. In a specific embodiment, the sealing and guiding device is composed of an inner layer material and an outer layer material, wherein the inner layer material is a refractory material such as boron nitride, zirconia and the like, and the outer layer material is a metal material such as steel and the like. In another specific embodiment, the sealing and guiding device can be a sealing and guiding groove or a sealing and guiding pipe.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the atomizing powder-making device is provided with a compartment, the compartment is arranged towards the inside or the outside of the vacuum melting chamber based on the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, and is used for enabling the spraying bag to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber, and is combined with the vacuum-pumping device, and the low-oxygen state is kept in the vacuum melting chamber during the process that the spraying bag enters and exits the vacuum melting chamber. In one example, as shown in fig. 4, the compartment 270 is disposed towards the outside of the vacuum melting chamber and comprises a first apron 271 belonging to a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber and a movable second apron 272 vertically opposite the first apron.
Based on the atomization powder manufacturing equipment provided by the embodiment, the specification further provides an atomization powder manufacturing method. Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of an atomized powder manufacturing method based on the apparatus in fig. 2 according to an embodiment, and as shown in fig. 5, the method specifically includes the following steps: step S510, determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; step S520, receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish; step S530, determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; step S540, determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, utilizing the tundish to receive the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again, and replacing refractory materials of the spray ladle; and S550, determining that the spray ladle after the replacement of the refractory material is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spray ladle after the replacement of the refractory material by using the tundish after continuous molten steel connection, and controlling the spray ladle after the replacement of the refractory material to atomize the molten steel poured into the spray chamber.
First, in step S510, it is determined that the quality of molten steel melted in the open-type melting furnace meets a preset standard.
Based on the production process, raw materials corresponding to the metal powder to be prepared are put into the open type smelting furnace 210 shown in fig. 2, and whether the molten steel smelted therein meets a preset standard is determined according to a monitoring system aiming at the components, the temperature and the like of the molten steel.
In the case where it is determined that the quality of the molten steel meets the preset standard, step S520 is performed to receive the molten steel from the open-type smelting furnace using the tundish.
In one embodiment, the tundish 221 may be controlled to receive molten steel from the open smelting furnace 210 until it is detected that the molten steel in the tundish 221 reaches a predetermined level, which may be understood as the tundish 221 is filled with molten steel.
Next, step S530, determining that the ladle is in the first state, pouring molten steel into the ladle using the tundish receiving the molten steel, and controlling the ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the ladle into the atomizing chamber.
The first state is that the spraying bag is connected with the atomizing chamber, namely, the spraying bag is positioned at a position for receiving pouring (the position for receiving pouring is referred to as pouring position in the following) and the spraying bag is preheated to a preset temperature. Molten steel can be poured into the spray ladle 231 by using the tundish 221 filled with molten steel, and the spray ladle 231 is controlled to atomize the molten steel poured into the spray ladle 231 into the atomizing chamber, so that the atomized molten steel droplets are condensed into metal powder in the atomizing chamber 240.
Then, in step S540, it is determined that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, molten steel is received again from the open-hearth furnace using the tundish, and the refractory of the tundish is replaced.
The method comprises the steps of determining that the molten steel amount in a tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, and aiming at determining that the molten steel in the tundish is poured completely, wherein the molten steel amount can refer to the mass or the volume of the molten steel, and the corresponding preset threshold value can be a preset mass threshold value or a preset volume threshold value. In addition, the condition for determining whether the molten steel has been poured may be whether the inclination angle of the tundish with respect to the horizontal plane reaches a corresponding predetermined angle, for example, 5 ° or 0 °.
Further, after it is determined that the molten steel in the tundish 221 has been poured, the molten steel is received again from the open smelting furnace 210 by the tundish 221, and the refractory in the tundish 231 is replaced.
Next, in step S550, it is determined that the ladle after the replacement of the refractory is in the first state, molten steel is poured into the ladle after the replacement of the refractory using the tundish after the continuous molten steel is received, and the ladle after the replacement of the refractory is controlled to atomize the molten steel poured into the atomizing chamber.
According to one example, the pouring time of a tundish capable of accommodating molten steel with the mass of 300kg is about 25min, the time for filling the tundish with the molten steel is about 10min, the time for replacing the refractory in the spray ladle and enabling the spray ladle after replacing the refractory to be in the first state is about 35min, and therefore, the powder making time of 24h continuous production can be prolonged to 10 h.
In the above manner, by designing the open type melting furnace 210 and the tundish 221 and maintaining the molten steel in the open type melting furnace 210 sufficient, the molten steel in the tundish 221 can be immediately continuously connected from the open type melting furnace 210 after the molten steel is poured, so that the preparation time of the molten steel is greatly reduced, the pulverizing operation rate is improved, and the pulverizing time can be increased to about 10 hours.
Further, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the atomized powder manufacturing apparatus may further include a vacuum melting chamber 250 and a sealing and guiding device. Regarding the arrangement of the vacuum melting chamber 250, considering that when molten steel having a highly reactive metal component is melted, if highly reactive materials (raw materials including easily oxidizable metallic elements) such as Al, Ti, etc. are added to the open melting chamber 210, oxidation of the component may be caused, so that raw materials other than the highly reactive materials may be melted in the open melting chamber 210 and the highly reactive materials may be put into the tundish 221 located in the hollow melting chamber 250, and the tundish 221 may melt the highly reactive materials using the molten steel received from the open melting chamber 210, thereby achieving further adjustment of the composition of the molten steel. Accordingly, the aforementioned step S510 includes: determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace 210 based on raw materials other than the easily oxidizable material meets a corresponding preset standard; and, prior to step S520, comprising: the easily oxidizable material is poured into the tundish, so that the easily oxidizable material is melted in the received molten steel during the reception of the molten steel by the tundish 221 in step S520.
On the other hand, in step S520, the molten steel in the open smelting furnace 210 may be guided to the tundish 221 by the sealing guide. In a particular embodiment, the sealed flow guide may include the sealed interface 261 and the sealed flow guide 262 shown in fig. 3. Accordingly, in the above step S520, the open smelting furnace 210 inserts its tap hole 211 into the sealed interface 261, and then, the molten steel is guided into the tundish 221 by the sealed draft tube 262.
Furthermore, the atomized powder making equipment can also comprise a compartment, wherein the compartment is arranged towards the inside or the outside of the vacuum melting chamber based on the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber and is used for enabling the spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber and is combined with the vacuum pumping equipment, and the interior of the vacuum melting chamber is kept in a low-oxygen state during the process of entering and exiting the vacuum melting chamber by the spray ladle. The process of removing the ladle 231 from the vacuum melting chamber for refractory replacement and then removing the refractory replacement into the vacuum melting chamber for casting will now be described with reference to compartment 270 shown in fig. 4.
First, controlling the spout package 231 out of the vacuum melting chamber 250 may comprise the steps of: firstly, the first baffle 271 is controlled to move to an open state, and the spray packet 231 is controlled to move to the compartment 270; then the first baffle 271 is controlled to move to the closed state; and then the second baffle 272 is controlled to move to the open state, and the ladle 231 is controlled to move to the outside of the vacuum smelting chamber 250.
Furthermore, after the refractory material of the spraying bag 231 is replaced outside the vacuum melting chamber 250, the step of controlling the spraying bag 231 to enter the vacuum melting chamber 250 may include the steps of: firstly, the second baffle 272 is determined to be in an open state, and the spraying packet 231 is controlled to move into the compartment 270; then, the second baffle 272 is controlled to move to the closed state, and the compartment 270 is vacuumized by using a vacuuming device; the low oxygen condition in compartment 270 is determined and the movement of the ladle 231 into the vacuum melting chamber 250 is controlled.
By the above, through the arrangement of the partition, the oxygen content in the vacuum melting chamber is not influenced in the process that the spraying bag enters and exits the chamber body, namely, the low oxygen state is kept, and further, molten steel in the chamber is not oxidized.
According to another embodiment provided by the present specification, a tundish may be added to the atomizing apparatus shown in fig. 2. Fig. 6 shows an atomized powder making apparatus according to an embodiment, which may include an open type melting furnace 210, a plurality of tundishes, such as a tundish 221 and a tundish 222, and a spray ladle 231. Specifically, the open smelting furnace 210 is used to smelt raw materials into molten steel; the plurality of tundishes are used for alternately receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace and continuously and alternately pouring the molten steel into the spraying ladle; the spray ladle 231 is used for atomizing the molten steel continuously poured into the spray ladle into the atomization chamber in a first state, wherein the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connecting with the atomization chamber; the atomizing chamber 240 serves to condense molten steel droplets atomized therein into metal powder.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the atomized powder making apparatus may further include a vacuum melting chamber 250 and a sealing deflector. The vacuum melting chamber 250 is used for accommodating the tundish 221, the tundish 222 and the spray ladle 231, and the sealing and guiding device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber 250 and used for guiding the molten steel in the open type melting furnace 210 to a plurality of tundish. In one example, the sealing and flow-guiding device may include a sealing interface 261 and a sealing and flow-guiding tube 262.
Based on the atomization powder manufacturing equipment provided by the embodiment, the specification further provides an atomization powder manufacturing method. Fig. 7 shows a flow chart of an atomized powder manufacturing method based on the apparatus in fig. 6 according to an embodiment, and as shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps: step S710, determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; step S720, utilizing a first tundish to receive molten steel from an open smelting furnace; step S730, determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a first tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; the method comprises the following steps that in the process of pouring molten steel into a spray ladle by using a first tundish after receiving the molten steel, the molten steel is received from an open smelting furnace by using a second tundish; step S740, determining that the amount of molten steel in the first tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, and continuously pouring molten steel into the spray ladle by using the second tundish which receives the molten steel; and in the process of continuously pouring the molten steel into the spraying ladle by using the second tundish after receiving the molten steel, receiving the molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the first tundish again. The method comprises the following specific steps:
in step S710, it is determined that the quality of molten steel melted in the open smelting furnace meets a preset standard.
It should be noted that, for the description of step S710, reference may be made to the foregoing description of step S510, and details are not described herein.
Step S720, utilizing the first tundish to receive molten steel from the open smelting furnace.
It should be noted that, for the description of step S720, reference may be made to the foregoing description of step S520, which is not described herein again.
Step S730, determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a first tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; and in the process of pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using the first tundish after receiving the molten steel, receiving the molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the second tundish.
In one embodiment, in the process of pouring molten steel into the tundish 231 using the tundish 221, molten steel is received from the open melting furnace 210 using the tundish 222, and since the time for which one tundish finishes pouring all the molten steel therein is generally shorter than the time for which one tundish finishes pouring the molten steel, the tundish 222 can be filled with the molten steel before the pouring of the molten steel in the tundish 221 finishes.
In addition, it should be noted that, for the description of step S730, reference may also be made to the foregoing description of step S530, which is not described herein again.
In step S740, determining that the amount of molten steel in the first tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold, and continuing pouring molten steel into the ladle spout using the second tundish receiving the molten steel; and in the process of continuously pouring the molten steel into the spraying ladle by using the second tundish after receiving the molten steel, receiving the molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the first tundish again.
In one embodiment, after the molten steel in the tundish 221 is poured, the tundish 222 filled with the molten steel is used to replace the tundish 221, and the molten steel is continuously poured into the ladle 231, and the tundish 221 is used to continuously receive the molten steel from the open type melting furnace 210. Therefore, the tundish 221 and the tundish 222 alternately receive molten steel from the open smelting furnace 250 and continuously and alternately pour the molten steel into the spray ladle 231, the molten steel in the spray ladle 231 can be ensured not to be cut off until the service life of the refractory material in the spray ladle 231 is reached, namely, the spray ladle 231 is replaced after the molten steel is poured by a preset number of tundishes, and therefore, the powder making time and the operation rate are improved, and the refractory material in the spray ladle is saved.
According to one example, for two tundishes capable of containing molten steel with the mass of 300kg, the pouring completion time of any one of the tundishes is about 25min generally, the time for filling the tundishes with the molten steel is about 10min generally, one spray ladle can continuously receive the molten steel with the number of 5-6 tundishes, the refractory material in the spray ladle is replaced, and the time for enabling the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material to be in the first state is about 35min generally, so that the powder making time in the 24-hour continuous production can be improved to 18-20 hours.
As described above, by designing the open type melting furnace 210 and the tundish 221 and maintaining the molten steel in the open type melting furnace 210 sufficient, the tundish 221 and the tundish 222 can alternately receive the molten steel from the open type melting furnace 210 and maintain the continuous casting of the ladle 231, the preparation time of the molten steel is greatly reduced, and the refractory material in the ladle 231 is replaced after a predetermined number of ladles of molten steel are continuously cast into the ladle 231, thereby improving the time and the operation rate of powder making and saving the ladle refractory material.
According to an embodiment of another aspect provided by the present specification, a spray bag may be added on the atomizing device shown in fig. 2. Fig. 8 shows an atomized pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment, which may include an open type smelting furnace 210, a tundish 221, a plurality of nozzle packs, such as a nozzle pack 231 and a nozzle pack 232, and an atomizing chamber (not shown). Specifically, the open smelting furnace 210 is used to smelt raw materials into molten steel; the tundish 221 is used for receiving molten steel from the open type melting furnace 210, maintaining the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pouring the molten steel into the ladle spout; the spray ladle 231 is used for atomizing the molten steel poured into the spray ladle 231 into the atomizing chamber in a first state, wherein the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connection with the atomizing chamber, and the spray ladle 232 is used for replacing the spray ladle 231 after the tundish 221 finishes pouring the spray ladle 231 so as to pour the second spray ladle 210 after the tundish 221 continues to receive the molten steel from the open smelting furnace 210; the atomizing chamber serves to condense molten steel droplets atomized therein into metal powder.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the atomized powder making apparatus may further include a vacuum melting chamber 250 and a sealing deflector. The vacuum melting chamber 250 is used for accommodating the tundish 221, the spray ladle 231 and the spray ladle 232, and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber 250 and is used for guiding molten steel in the open type melting furnace 210 to the tundish 221.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the atomized powder making device is further provided with a plurality of compartments, wherein each compartment is respectively arranged on the basis of the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, and comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, wherein each compartment is respectively used for enabling each corresponding spray bag to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber, and is used for combining with the vacuumizing device to maintain the low-oxygen state in the vacuum melting chamber during the process that each spray bag enters and exits the vacuum melting chamber. In one example, as shown in FIG. 9, compartments 270 and 275 may be provided for the entry of spray package 231 and spray package 232, respectively, into vacuum melting chamber 250. Therefore, each spraying bag in the spraying bags is provided with the respective moving track and the respective compartment, so that the replacement speed of the refractory material in the spraying bag can be increased, and the spraying bag in the pouring position can be immediately replaced by other spraying bags after the spraying bag is poured.
In another specific embodiment, the atomized powder making equipment is further provided with an annular rail, and the plurality of spray ladles are fixedly arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular rail, wherein the annular rail is used for enabling each spray ladle in the plurality of spray ladles to move to a pouring position one by one so as to receive pouring of the tundish. In one example, as shown in fig. 10, it includes an annular track 290, and a spray packet 231, a spray packet 232, a spray packet 233 and a spray packet 234 fixed on the annular track 290 at equal intervals.
In yet another specific embodiment, an atomized powder process apparatus is provided with an endless track and a compartment. Wherein a plurality of spout the package and can dismantle the setting based on the circular orbit is equidistant, and the circular orbit is used for making each of a plurality of spouts package rotatory to the pouring position to accept the pouring of middle package, and make each spout the package rotatory to the position of going out of the cabin, in order to go out the vacuum melting cabin through the compartment. And the compartment is arranged on the basis of the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber and comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, the compartment is used for enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber, and is used for combining with vacuumizing equipment to keep the interior of the vacuum melting chamber in a low-oxygen state in the process of enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber. In one example, as shown in FIG. 11, there is a compartment 278, an endless track 295, and a spray package 231, a spray package 232, a spray package 233, and a spray package 234 removably disposed on the endless track 290 at equal intervals.
Based on the atomization powder manufacturing equipment provided by the embodiment, the specification further provides an atomization powder manufacturing method. Fig. 12 shows a flow chart of an atomized powder making method based on the apparatus in fig. 8 according to an embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps: step S1210, determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; step S1220 of receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish; step S1230, determining that the first spray ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the first spray ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the first spray ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the first spray ladle into an atomizing chamber; step S1240, determining that the molten steel amount in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, carrying the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again by using the tundish, and replacing the first spray ladle by using the second spray ladle; step S1250, determining that the second spraying ladle is in the first state, pouring molten steel into the second spraying ladle by using the tundish after continuous molten steel connection, and controlling the second spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the second spraying ladle into the atomizing chamber.
First, in step S1210, it is determined that the quality of molten steel melted in the open smelting furnace meets a preset standard. And, in step S1220, receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish. Next, in step S1230, it is determined that the first ladle is in the first state, molten steel is poured into the first ladle by using the tundish receiving the molten steel, and a ladle is controlled to atomize the molten steel poured into the atomizing chamber.
It should be noted that, for the descriptions of step S1210, step S1220, and step S1230, reference may be made to the descriptions of step S510, step S520, and step S530, respectively, which are not described herein again.
Then, it is determined that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, the molten steel is received again from the open smelting furnace using the tundish, and the first tundish is replaced with the second tundish at step S1240. Next, in step S1250, it is determined that the second ladle is in the first state, molten steel is poured into the second ladle using the tundish after continuous molten steel receiving, and the second ladle is controlled to atomize the molten steel poured therein into the atomizing chamber.
Therefore, different from the situation that only one spraying bag needs to wait for the replacement of the refractory material of the spraying bag and re-preheat the spraying bag to the preset temperature, in the step, after the first spraying bag is poured, the second spraying bag can be immediately replaced, and the preparation time of the spraying bag is further shortened. Furthermore, after the first spraying bag is replaced, the refractory material of the first spraying bag can be replaced and the first spraying bag is heated, so that after the second spraying bag is poured, the first spraying bag with the replaced refractory material can be used for replacing the second spraying bag in time.
According to an example, for a tundish capable of accommodating molten steel with the mass of 300kg, the pouring completion time is usually about 25min, the time for filling the tundish with the molten steel is usually about 10min, the first spray ladle positioned at the pouring position is detached and replaced by the second spray ladle, and the time for replacing the first spray ladle with the second spray ladle is usually about 15min, so that the 24h continuous production powder making time can be improved to about 15h under the condition of using two spray ladles, and further, three or more spray ladles can be arranged in order to fully ensure the continuity of the spray ladle replacement.
Further, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the atomized powder manufacturing apparatus may further include a vacuum melting chamber 250 and a sealing deflector. The vacuum melting chamber 250 is used for accommodating the tundish 221, the spray ladle 231 and the spray ladle 232, and the sealing flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum melting chamber 250 and is used for guiding molten steel in the open type melting furnace 210 to the tundish 221.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the atomized powder preparation device is further provided with a plurality of compartments. As shown in FIG. 9, compartments 270 and 275 may be provided for the entry of spray package 231 and spray package 232, respectively, into vacuum melting chamber 250. Here, each spray bag has its own moving track and a track for entering and exiting the vacuum melting chamber, which can ensure that the respective movement and the replacement of refractory materials are not interfered with each other, thereby accelerating the preparation speed of the spray bag to ensure the continuity of the replacement of the spray bag.
In another specific embodiment, the atomized powder making equipment is further provided with an annular rail, and the plurality of spray ladles are fixedly arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular rail, wherein the annular rail is used for enabling each spray ladle in the plurality of spray ladles to move to a pouring position one by one so as to receive pouring of the tundish.
Accordingly, in step S1240, replacing the first nozzle packet with the second nozzle packet may include: and controlling the annular track to rotate so that the second spraying ladle moves to the pouring position. In one example, as shown in fig. 10, after the nozzle 231 receives the pouring, the circular track 290 may be controlled to rotate clockwise to move the nozzle 232 to the pouring position. Therefore, the spraying bag is fixedly arranged on the track without being detached, so that the service life of the spraying bag can be prolonged; secondly, the multiple spraying bags are operated in a rotating mode, so that the occupied space is small, the maneuverability is good, and the operation is convenient; thirdly, if the spraying bag does not have the powder preparation smooth condition, the next spraying bag can be immediately replaced, and the replacement strength can be controlled within 1 min; fourthly, the plurality of spraying bags are all fixed in the cabin body, and the sealing in the cabin can be ensured in the powder preparation process of the plurality of spraying bags, so that the oxygen content of the cabin body can be reduced; fifthly, the spraying bags can rotate to the pouring position along the annular track in sequence to receive pouring of the tundish, the vacuum melting chamber is opened again until the spraying bags are completely sprayed, refractory material replacement and tundish lining cleaning are uniformly carried out, so that preparation time of the spraying bags is greatly shortened, and the powder making operation rate can reach more than 16h/24h when the spraying bags are 4.
In yet another specific embodiment, an atomized pulverizing apparatus is provided with an annular track and a compartment. Wherein a plurality of spout the package and can dismantle the setting based on the circular orbit is equidistant, and the circular orbit is used for making each of a plurality of spouts package rotatory to the pouring position to accept the pouring of middle package, and make each spout the package rotatory to the position of going out of the cabin, in order to go out the vacuum melting cabin through the compartment.
Accordingly, in step S1240, replacing the first nozzle packet with the second nozzle packet may include: and controlling the annular track to rotate so as to enable the second spraying ladle to move to the pouring position and the first spraying ladle to move to the cabin outlet position. Further, after the first spraying package moves to the delivery position, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling the first spraying bag to be discharged out of the vacuum melting chamber so as to replace refractory materials, and subsequently controlling the first spraying bag to enter the vacuum melting chamber. In one example, as shown in fig. 11, after the spraying bag 231 is completely poured, the circular track 290 may be controlled to rotate clockwise to move the spraying bag 233 to the pouring position and move the spraying bag 231 to the unloading position, i.e. to exchange the spraying bag 233 and the spraying bag 231, and then, while the spraying bag 233 is poured, the spraying bag 231 may be controlled to move out of the compartment through the compartment 278 to replace the refractory material of the spraying bag 231 and return to the inside of the compartment after replacing the refractory material. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a plurality of compartments may be further provided to facilitate the replacement of the refractory material when the bale is taken out of the compartment. So, can guarantee to spout the continuous change of package, and because of being provided with the compartment, need not open the vacuum melting cabin and in order to unify the change that carries out resistant material and the clearance of pouring basket furnace lining, so can further improve the powder process operation rate to more than 17 h.
More than, through setting up a plurality of bags that spout, can reduce and spout long preparation of bag, furtherly, through setting up the circular orbit, can accelerate the change speed of spouting the package to guarantee to spout the continuity that the package was changed, and then improve the powder process operation rate.
In the above, an atomized powder making apparatus including an open type melting furnace, a tundish and a tundish is shown in fig. 2 to 4, an atomized powder making apparatus including an open type melting furnace, a plurality of tundishes and a tundish is shown in fig. 6, and an atomized powder making apparatus including an open type melting furnace, a tundish and a plurality of tundish is shown in fig. 8 to 11. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present specification also provide an atomized powder making apparatus including an open type smelting furnace, a plurality of tundishes and a plurality of nozzle ladles, which is described below by way of example with reference to fig. 13 and 14.
As shown in fig. 13, it includes an open type melting furnace 210, a tundish 221 and a tundish 222, a spray package 231, a spray package 232, a spray package 233 and a spray package 234, a vacuum melting chamber 250, and an endless track 290. Based on the apparatus shown in fig. 13, in one example, the atomized powder process may include the following steps: first, molten steel is received from the open type melting furnace 210 by the tundish 221; then, molten steel is poured into the ladle 231 by the tundish 221, and the molten steel is received from the open type melting furnace 210 by the tundish 222; then, when the amount of molten steel in tundish 221 is lower than a preset threshold value, molten steel continues to be poured into tundish 231 using tundish 222. In this way, the tundish 221 and the tundish 222 are used for alternately pouring molten steel into the spray ladle 231, so that the time for continuously pulverizing is increased, and meanwhile, the refractory material of the spray ladle is saved. Further, after the predetermined number of the molten steel in the tundish is sprayed by the spray ladle 231, the annular track 290 is controlled to rotate clockwise, so that the spray ladle 232 continues to receive pouring of the tundish 221 or the tundish 222, and thus, the vacuum smelting cabin is opened until the spray ladle 231, the spray ladle 232, the spray ladle 233 and the spray ladle 234 all receive the predetermined number of the molten steel in the tundish, and replacement of refractory materials and cleaning of a lining of the tundish are carried out uniformly, so that the preparation time of the molten steel and the spray ladle is greatly reduced, and the powder making operation rate can be up to more than 20h/24 h.
As shown in fig. 14, which includes an open smelting furnace 210, a tundish 221 and a tundish 222, a gunning package 231, a gunning package 232, a gunning package 233 and a gunning package 234, a vacuum smelting chamber 250, an endless track 290, and a compartment 278. Based on the apparatus shown in fig. 13, in one example, the atomized powder manufacturing method may include the following steps: first, molten steel is received from the open type melting furnace 210 by the tundish 221; then, molten steel is poured into the ladle 231 by the tundish 221, and the molten steel is received from the open type melting furnace 210 by the tundish 222; then, when the amount of molten steel in tundish 221 is lower than a preset threshold value, molten steel continues to be poured into tundish 231 using tundish 222. In this way, the tundish 221 and the tundish 222 are used for alternately pouring molten steel into the spray ladle 231, so that the time for continuously pulverizing is increased, and meanwhile, the refractory material of the spray ladle is saved. Further, after the predetermined number of the tundish molten steel is poured by the ladle 231, the endless track 290 is controlled to rotate 180 ° counterclockwise so that the ladle 233 continues to receive the pouring of the tundish 221 or 222, and at the same time, the ladle 231 is controlled to exit the vacuum melting chamber 250 through the compartment 278 to replace the refractory material and return to the vacuum melting chamber 250 after the refractory material is replaced. Therefore, the spraying bags 231, 232, 233 and 234 can all receive molten steel pouring of a preset tundish number, and meanwhile, in the process that a certain spraying bag receives pouring, replacement of other spraying bag refractory materials can be completed, so that uninterrupted powder making is realized, and the powder making operation rate can almost reach 24h/24 h.
In summary, the atomization powder manufacturing device and the atomization powder manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the specification have the following beneficial effects: 1. the extravehicular open type smelting furnace plays a role in smelting molten steel, and meanwhile, the purity of the molten steel (such as standing treatment and the like) can be ensured in the smelting process, and molten steel-making water and the whole powder-making process do not conflict; 2. the induction furnace in the cabin does not need to be smelted, pure molten steel can be received at any time, the molten steel is prepared from the completion of the molten steel pouring to the next furnace, and only about 10min is needed, so that the powder preparation time is greatly saved; 3. after the powder preparation of the current spraying bag is finished, one of other spraying bags is preheated to the temperature and prepared, and the powder preparation can be carried out after molten steel is received in the cabin; 4. each spraying bag enters and exits the cabin body in a reliable sealing mode, and the oxygen content of the spraying bag entering and exiting the cabin body can be guaranteed not to be influenced; 5. when two middle packets are used in the cabin, one spraying packet can continuously use 5-6 heats for milling or even more, so that the continuity of milling is improved, and the use cost of refractory materials is greatly saved; 6. the preparation time of the milling is reduced, and even seamless connection can be realized, so that the operation rate of milling is improved to more than 15h/24h, even to 24h/24 h.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. An atomized powder making apparatus, comprising:
an open type smelting furnace for smelting raw materials into molten steel;
a tundish for receiving molten steel from the open type smelting furnace, maintaining the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pouring the molten steel into a ladle;
the spraying bag is used for atomizing molten steel poured into the spraying bag into the atomizing chamber in a first state, and the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connection with the atomizing chamber;
the atomizing chamber is used for condensing molten steel liquid drops atomized into metal powder;
the vacuum smelting cabin is used for accommodating the tundish and the spray ladle;
the sealed flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting chamber and is used for guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish;
a compartment disposed towards an interior or exterior of the vacuum melting chamber based on a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber, the compartment including a movable first baffle and a movable second baffle vertically opposite the first baffle, the compartment for ingress and egress of the ladle into the vacuum melting chamber, and for maintaining a hypoxic state within the vacuum melting chamber during ingress and egress of the ladle into the vacuum melting chamber in conjunction with a vacuum pumping apparatus.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sealed deflector comprises at least an inner layer of material and an outer layer of material, wherein the inner layer of material is a refractory material and the outer layer of material is a metallic material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tundish is an induction furnace having a heating function.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a volume of the open smelting furnace is larger than a volume of the tundish.
5. An atomized powder production method based on the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the vacuum melting cabin is used for accommodating the tundish and the spray ladle, and the sealed flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum melting cabin; a compartment disposed towards an exterior of the vacuum melting chamber based on a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber, the compartment comprising a movable first baffle belonging to the sidewall and a movable second baffle vertically opposed to the first baffle;
the method comprises the following steps:
determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish;
determining that the spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spraying ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, carrying the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again by using the tundish, and replacing a refractory material of the spray ladle; determining that the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material by using a tundish after continuously receiving the molten steel, and controlling the spray ladle after replacing the refractory material to atomize the molten steel poured into the spray ladle into an atomizing chamber;
wherein, the change spout the resistant material of package and include:
controlling the spray ladle to exit the vacuum smelting chamber;
replacing the refractory material of the spray ladle outside the vacuum melting cabin;
the control of the spray ladle out of the vacuum melting chamber comprises:
controlling the first baffle plate to move to an opening state, and controlling the spray bag to move into the compartment;
controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state;
and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum smelting cabin.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising adding raw materials for smelting molten steel to the open smelting furnace when the amount of molten steel in the open smelting furnace is below a corresponding preset threshold.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the raw materials for melting the molten steel include an oxidizable material, and the determining that the quality of the molten steel melted in the open-hearth furnace meets a preset standard includes:
determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace based on raw materials except the easily-oxidizable material reaches a corresponding preset standard;
before receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using the tundish, the method further comprises the following steps:
and putting the easily-oxidizable material into the tundish, so that the tundish melts the easily-oxidizable material into the molten steel received by the tundish in the vacuum smelting chamber.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein after the replacing the refractory material of the spray package, further comprising:
determining that the second baffle is in an open state, and controlling the spray ladle to move into the compartment;
controlling the second baffle to move to a closed state, and vacuumizing the first compartment by using vacuumizing equipment;
determining that the compartment is in a low oxygen state, and controlling the spray ladle to move to the vacuum melting chamber.
9. An atomized powder making apparatus, comprising:
an open type smelting furnace for smelting raw materials into molten steel; a tundish for receiving molten steel from the open type smelting furnace, maintaining the temperature of the received molten steel within a predetermined range, and pouring the molten steel into a ladle;
the plurality of spray ladles comprise a first spray ladle and a second spray ladle, the first spray ladle is used for atomizing molten steel poured into the first spray ladle into an atomizing chamber in a first state, the first state comprises heating to a preset temperature and connection with the atomizing chamber, and the second spray ladle is used for replacing the first spray ladle after the first spray ladle is poured by the tundish so that the second spray ladle is poured by the tundish;
the atomizing chamber is used for condensing molten steel liquid drops atomized into metal powder;
the vacuum smelting cabin is used for accommodating the tundish and the plurality of spray ladles;
the sealed flow guide device is connected with the side wall of the vacuum smelting cabin and is used for guiding the molten steel in the open smelting furnace to the tundish;
a plurality of compartments having the same number as the plurality of nozzle ladles, wherein each compartment is respectively arranged on the basis of a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, wherein each compartment is respectively used for leading each nozzle ladle corresponding to each compartment to enter and exit the vacuum melting chamber, and is used for combining with a vacuum pumping device to maintain a low oxygen state in the vacuum melting chamber during the process that each nozzle ladle enters and exits the vacuum melting chamber.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
the annular rails are detachably arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the annular rails and are used for enabling each spraying bag in the spraying bags to rotate to a pouring position to receive pouring of the tundish and enabling each spraying bag to rotate to a cabin outlet position to be discharged out of the vacuum smelting cabin through a compartment;
the compartment is arranged on the basis of the side wall of the vacuum smelting chamber, comprises a movable first baffle plate belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle plate vertically opposite to the first baffle plate, is used for enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum smelting chamber, and is used for keeping the interior of the vacuum smelting chamber in a low-oxygen state in the process of enabling each spray ladle to enter and exit the vacuum smelting chamber by combining with a vacuum pumping device.
11. An atomized powder manufacturing method based on the apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises a vacuum melting chamber for accommodating the tundish and the plurality of spray packages, and a sealed guiding device connected to a sidewall of the vacuum melting chamber; a plurality of compartments having the same number as the plurality of spray ladles, wherein each compartment is respectively disposed toward an exterior of the vacuum melting chamber based on a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, the each compartment comprising a movable first baffle belonging to the side wall and a movable second baffle vertically opposite to the first baffle;
the method comprises the following steps:
determining that the quality of molten steel smelted in the open smelting furnace reaches a preset standard; receiving molten steel from the open smelting furnace by using a tundish;
determining that a first spraying ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the first spraying ladle by using a tundish which receives the molten steel, and controlling the first spraying ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the first spraying ladle into an atomizing chamber; determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is lower than a corresponding preset threshold value, carrying the molten steel from the open smelting furnace again by using the tundish, and replacing the first spray ladle by using a second spray ladle; determining that the second spray ladle is in a first state, pouring molten steel into the second spray ladle by using the tundish after continuous molten steel connection, and controlling the second spray ladle to atomize the molten steel poured into the second spray ladle into an atomizing chamber;
after determining that the amount of molten steel in the tundish is below the corresponding preset threshold, the method further comprises:
controlling the first ladle to exit the vacuum melting chamber;
replacing the refractory material of the first spray ladle outside the vacuum melting cabin;
the controlling the first ladle to exit the vacuum melting chamber comprises:
controlling the first baffle plate to move to an opening state, and controlling the spray bag to move into the compartment;
controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state;
and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum smelting cabin.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises an endless track located within the vacuum melting chamber, the plurality of ladles being removably arranged at equal intervals on the basis of the endless track, and a compartment arranged towards the outside of the vacuum melting chamber on the basis of a side wall of the vacuum melting chamber, comprising a movable first apron belonging to the side wall and a movable second apron vertically opposite the first apron;
the replacing the first spraying bag by the second spraying bag comprises the following steps:
controlling the annular track to rotate so as to enable the second spraying ladle to move to a pouring position and the first spraying ladle to move to a cabin outlet position;
after the first spraying bag moves to the cabin outlet position, the method further comprises the following steps:
controlling the first baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the first spraying bag to move to the compartment;
controlling the first baffle to move to a closed state;
and controlling the second baffle to move to an opening state, and controlling the first spraying ladle to move to the outside of the vacuum melting cabin so as to replace the refractory material of the first spraying ladle.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein after replacing the refractory of the first shot pack, further comprising:
determining that the second baffle is in an open state, and controlling the first spraying packet to move into the compartment;
controlling the second baffle to move to a closed state, and vacuumizing the first compartment by using vacuumizing equipment;
and determining that the compartment is in a low oxygen state, and controlling the first spraying bag to move to the annular track.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/116033 WO2020097937A1 (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Atomization comminuting apparatus and atomization comminuting method |
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| CN109641276A CN109641276A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
| CN109641276B true CN109641276B (en) | 2022-08-26 |
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| JP (1) | JP7002656B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102398040B1 (en) |
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| KR102398040B1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2022-05-16 | 칭다오 윤루 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스 테크놀로지 씨오.,엘티디. | Atomization subdivision apparatus and atomization subdivision method |
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| CN110538998A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-06 | 佛山市岁之博新材料科技有限公司 | A method and device capable of automatically replacing atomization leak packs |
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| DE102021208605A1 (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Sms Group Gmbh | Changing system for a tundish unit, tundish unit for a changing system, atomization system and method for atomizing molten metal |
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| CN114433854B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-12-01 | 青岛云路先进材料技术股份有限公司 | Gas atomization powder preparation equipment, atomization powder preparation method and amorphous powder |
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| JP2021515094A (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| WO2020097937A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 |
| KR20200099165A (en) | 2020-08-21 |
| JP7002656B2 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
| CN109641276A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
| KR102398040B1 (en) | 2022-05-16 |
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