CN109628843B - Corrosion-resistant steel with yield strength of 450MPa for coal transportation truck and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant steel with yield strength of 450MPa for coal transportation truck and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses corrosion-resistant steel with yield strength of 450MPa for coal transportation open cars and a manufacturing method thereof. The steel contains C: 0.034% -0.069%, Si: 0.21-0.29%, Mn: 0.45-1.0 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.006 percent, Als: 0.015% -0.045%, Cr: 0.35-0.89%, Ni: 0.11-0.19%, Cu: 0.25 to 0.38 percent, Ti: 0.012% -0.021%, Sb: 0.041-0.089%, Sn: 0.028% -0.069%, Mo: 0-0.19%, B: 0-0.0019%, Ca: 0.0008 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities; heating a 135-170 mm plate blank to 1228-1249 ℃, wherein the rough rolling temperature is higher than 1100 ℃, finish rolling at 1000-1100 ℃, finishing rolling at 830-895 ℃, wherein the coiling temperature is 580-650 ℃, and the steel plate has excellent sulfuric acid and chloride ion corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel for railway vehicles, and relates to corrosion-resistant steel suitable for being used in a corrosive environment containing an acidic medium and chloride ions and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Steel gondola cars are generally only subject to atmospheric corrosion, whereas coal gondola cars are subject to a rather harsh corrosive environment. Firstly, the coal contains sulfide which has stronger chemical corrosion effect on steel; moreover, because water is used for impact during coal mining, the coal contains water, and in addition, certain salts are added to reduce the freezing point in order to prevent freezing during coal transportation in winter, so that chloride ions with extremely high corrosivity are brought.
At present, the coal gondola car is made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel or traditional weathering steel. Although aluminum alloy and stainless steel have good corrosion resistance, the weldability and the formability have certain problems, and the cost is relatively high; the existing weathering steel Q450NQR1 for the railway freight car has good strength, weldability and formability, but the corrosion resistance can not meet the requirement; the new generation of high corrosion resistant steel S450EW has obviously improved atmospheric corrosion resistance, but is not suitable for the corrosion environment containing acidic medium and chloride ions.
Chinese patent CN107299297A discloses a high-strength corrosion-resistant hot-rolled steel plate, a casting method and a rolling method thereof, which comprises the following components: less than or equal to 0.12 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, Al: 0.15-0.50%, Cr: 0.30% -1.25%, Ni: 0.12-0.65%, Cu: 0.20-0.55%, Nb is less than or equal to 0.10%, V is less than or equal to 0.10%, Sb: 0.03% -0.40%, the invention adds 0.15% -0.50% of Al and 0.03% -0.40% of Sb on the basis of the existing corrosion-resistant steel basic component, then the content of Cr with higher cost is greatly reduced, the original content of 3.0% -5.5% is only kept to 0.30% -1.25%, so as to improve the capability of resisting the corrosion of acid media. But the Al content of the steel is high, and the steel is easy to block a water gap during smelting and is not easy to produce.
Chinese patent CN103290331A discloses a high-strength high-corrosion-resistance steel plate with yield strength of 450MPa and a production method thereof, wherein the steel contains C: 0.002% -0.005%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.10-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.012%, S is less than or equal to 0.008%, Al: 0.01-0.05%, Cr: 2.8% -4.0%, Ni: 0.12-0.35%, Cu: 0.25% -0.50%, Nb: 0.015 to 0.030 percent. The invention adopts a microalloying road of single Nb microalloying, and realizes the economic and easy-to-produce high-strength and high-corrosion-resistance steel plate by a controlled rolling and controlled cooling method. Although the relative corrosion rate of the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel is less than 30 percent of that of Q345B, the steel is not suitable for the environment containing sulfuric acid and chloride ions, and has the problems of higher Cr content, increased smelting difficulty, welding performance and forming performance.
Chinese patent CN106906426A discloses a high-toughness, high-corrosion-resistant and weather-resistant steel plate and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel contains C less than or equal to 0.03%, Si less than or equal to 0.10%, Mn: 0.10-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Al: 0.020-0.060%, Cr: 4.0% -6.0%, Ni: 0.40-0.60%, Cu: 0.40% -0.60%, Nb: 0.030 to 0.050%, Ti: 0.020% -0.050%, the steel is mainly added with 4.0% -6.0% of Cr on the basis of the existing atmospheric corrosion resistant steel, thereby ensuring to obtain the high corrosion resistant and weather resistant steel plate, although the mentioned impact toughness and atmospheric corrosion resistance are superior to the invention, the steel is not suitable for the corrosion environment containing acid medium and chloride ion.
Chinese patent CN 104294111A discloses a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy plate for a coal transportation open wagon, and the plate related by the invention is the aluminum alloy plate, so that the cost is high, and the yield strength is only 220-240 MPa.
The thesis "development of a novel weathering steel with 450MPa grade yield strength", the authors propose a weathering steel plate with 450MPa grade yield strength and 20mm thickness, which comprises the following chemical components (mass fraction%: c: 0.04%, Si: 0.30%, Mn: 0.60%, Ti: 0.015%, Al: 0.015%, Cu: 0.40%, Mo: 0.30%, Ni: 1.50%, P: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of S and the balance of Fe. The yield strength and the tensile strength are respectively 458MPa and 557MPa, the elongation is not less than 28%, the impact energy at 60 ℃ below zero is not less than 287J, the impact energy at 40 ℃ below zero at the welding line of the heat affected zone of the welding joint is 156J, and the corrosion resistance is improved by about 49% compared with Q345B in a periodic infiltration test of 72h sodium bisulfite and sodium chloride solution. The steel has high strength, good plastic toughness and welding performance. Although the steel has excellent corrosion resistance in sodium bisulfite and sodium chloride solution compared with Q345B, the test result in the environment of co-corrosion of sulfuric acid and chloride ions is not disclosed in the document, and the steel contains high Ni and is high in cost.
None of the above-mentioned patents or documents is a special steel plate suitable for the actual operation environment of a coal gondola car, or is high in cost, or has corrosion resistance, strength and toughness that do not meet the use requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the production of steel for the prior open wagon for transporting coal, such as: the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel have high cost and poor welding and formability, and the corrosion resistance of the existing steel can not meet the requirement.
The invention aims to provide corrosion-resistant steel for coal-transporting open cars with yield strength of 450MPa, in particular to corrosion-resistant steel for coal-transporting open cars with yield strength of 450MPa and thickness specification of 4.0-14.0 mm and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. The steel plate not only has good atmospheric corrosion resistance, but also has excellent corrosion resistance under the coexistence environment of sulfuric acid and chloride ions, and in addition, the steel plate also has high strength, excellent formability and low-temperature toughness, and is suitable for manufacturing coal trucks.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a corrosion-resistant steel for a 450 MPa-grade coal-transporting open wagon, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.034% -0.069%, Si: 0.21-0.29%, Mn: 0.45-1.0 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.006 percent, Als: 0.015% -0.045%, Cr: 0.35-0.89%, Ni: 0.11-0.19%, Cu: 0.25 to 0.38 percent, Ti: 0.012% -0.021%, Sb: 0.041-0.089%, Sn: 0.028% -0.069%, Mo: 0-0.19%, B: 0-0.0019%, Ca: 0.0008 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable elements.
C: is a main strengthening element in steel, can obviously improve the strength of the steel plate, but the high content of C is unfavorable for the weldability, the toughness and the plasticity of the steel plate. The low C design limits the formation of pearlite structure and other carbide, ensures the microstructure of the steel to be homogeneous structure, avoids electrochemical corrosion caused by potential difference between heterogeneous phases, and improves the corrosion resistance of the steel, and the C content is controlled to be 0.034-0.069 percent.
Si: si has high solid solubility in steel and good solid solution strengthening effect, but the plasticity and toughness of the steel are reduced and the welding performance is reduced due to the excessively high content of Si. The invention is mainly used as deoxidizing elements and not used as main strengthening elements, and the content of Si is controlled to be 0.21-0.29 percent.
Mn: the Mn content is controlled to be 0.45-1.0 percent.
P: the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel can be effectively improved, but phosphorus is easy to segregate, the cold brittleness of the steel is increased, and the weldability and the formability are not good. In order to ensure the requirements of welding performance and forming performance, the content of P is controlled to be not higher than 0.018 percent.
S: is a harmful element in steel, causes hot brittleness of the steel, reduces the ductility and toughness of the steel, and deteriorates welding performance, and the existence of S deteriorates atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel, and the content of S is controlled to be not more than 0.006 percent in the invention.
And Als: is a common deoxidizer, 0.015 to 0.045 percent of aluminum is added into steel to refine grains.
Cr, Ni, Cu: the three elements are added into the steel simultaneously, so that the atmospheric corrosion resistance is improved. In the corrosion process of the steel plate, elements such as Cu, Cr, Ni and the like are enriched in the rust layer close to the matrix to form a compact and stable rust layer close to an amorphous state. Meanwhile, Ni can also obviously improve the low-temperature toughness of steel, so that the low-temperature toughness of the base material and a welding heat affected zone is greatly improved. The weight ratio of Ni/Cu is more than 1/2, and the wire-mesh fracture of the Cu-containing steel caused by hot brittleness can be effectively prevented. In the invention, the content of Cr is controlled to be 0.35-0.89%, the content of Ni is controlled to be 0.11-0.19%, and the content of Cu is controlled to be 0.25-0.38%.
Ti: the high-strength nitrogen-fixing element can form a high-temperature stable fine TiN precipitated phase during slab continuous casting, the fine TiN precipitated phase can effectively prevent austenite grains of a continuous casting billet from growing in the heating process, and meanwhile, the high-strength nitrogen-fixing element has an obvious effect of improving the toughness of a heat affected zone during steel welding, and the Ti content is controlled to be 0.012-0.021%.
Sb and Sn: sb and Sn elements are often continuously enriched in steel as harmful elements, seriously affecting the quality of steel. In the invention, Sb and Sn are effective elements for improving corrosion resistance, and are enriched in a rust layer in a synergistic manner through the compound addition of Sb, Sn and Cr, and a compact oxide film which is higher than a matrix by several times and rich in elements such as Sb, Sn, Cr and the like is formed, so that the transmission of corrosive ions is obviously hindered, and the corrosion environment with coexisting sulfate radicals and chloride ions is more resistant. In order to ensure the desired corrosion resistance, the effect of the three elements must be exerted in common. Meanwhile, Ti and Sb attract each other, and when Ti is deviated to a grain boundary, Sb is dragged to the grain boundary, so that Sb is separated out in the form of fine second-phase particles instead of inclusions, and the particle size is 10-30 nm, so that the strength of the steel plate is improved. Sb is effective in resistance to sulfuric acid and acid corrosion containing chloride, and the higher the Sb amount is, the higher the sulfuric acid resistance is, but the hot workability and toughness of the steel plate and welded joint are lowered. The invention controls the content of Sb to be 0.041-0.089% and the content of Sn to be 0.028-0.069%.
Mo: MoO generation in aqueous solutions4 2-The corrosion resistance of the antifreeze is improved by suppressing the penetration of chloride ions, but the corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid is sometimes deteriorated by containing a large amount of ions, the low-temperature toughness is also deteriorated, martensite is formed during welding, the brittleness of the welded joint is increased, and the effect of suppressing chloride ions is insignificant when a small amount is contained, and the increase in cost is considered. In the invention, the content of Mo is controlled to be not higher than 0.19 percent.
B: when a low-melting-point corrosion-resistant element containing Sb, Cu, and Sn is added, a certain amount of B can suppress deterioration of hot workability. The content range of B is controlled to be not higher than 0.0019 percent.
Ca: the sulfide is spheroidized, the transverse ductility of the steel plate can be further improved, and the cold-bending forming performance is improved. Since the Ca treatment is performed after refining to make the Ca content 0.0008% to spheroidize the sulfides, and the excessive Ca coarsens the sulfides to lower the ductility, the upper limit of the Ca content is limited to 0.0030% and the Ca content is controlled to 0.0008% to 0.0030%.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the corrosion-resistant hot-rolled coil plate for the 450 MPa-level coal transportation open wagon, which comprises the steps of slab smelting, continuous casting, heating, rolling, cooling and coiling, and the specific production method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and continuous casting process: the method comprises the steps of molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, top blowing or top-bottom combined blowing, LF furnace desulfurization and calcium treatment to control the form of impurities and improve the ductility, toughness and cold bending performance of steel, and continuous casting adopts electromagnetic stirring and dynamic soft reduction to improve the quality of continuous casting slabs. In the converter process, a mode of adding antimony ingots after tapping is adopted, and argon is used for stirring, so that the alloy is completely melted and the components are uniform. The thickness of the continuous casting billet is 135-170 mm, the continuous casting billet is obviously thinner than the thick continuous casting billet which is mainly applied at present and is 200mm or more, the solidification cooling rate of the continuous casting billet is far greater than that of the traditional thick plate blank, and the secondary dendrite spacing is greatly reduced.
(2) The rolling process comprises the following steps: and heating the continuous casting plate blank to 1228-1249 ℃ by a heating furnace, wherein the heating steel burning atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, and the air-fuel ratio is lower than 2.0. The high-temperature short-time steel burning technology is adopted, the furnace time of the hot material heating section and the soaking section is not more than 110min, so that the surface defects caused by the precipitation of low-melting-point elements Cu, Sb and Sn on the surface of strip steel are prevented, the small defects generated on the low-melting-point elements Cu, Sb and Sn on the surface of a plate blank can be fully oxidized, loose and easily-removed iron scales are formed, and the surface quality of the strip steel is improved. Rough rolling is carried out in the temperature range higher than 1100 ℃, band steel is not allowed to swing, finish rolling is started at 1000-1100 ℃, the start rolling temperature of finish rolling is higher than 1100 ℃, crystal grains of finished products are not easy to refine, and the fine grain strengthening effect is not good; the temperature of the tail part of the strip steel is reduced quickly below 1000 ℃, so that the load of a finish rolling machine frame is increased, and accidents are easily caused; and finishing rolling at 830-895 ℃, wherein the finishing temperature is regulated to be more than 830 ℃, so that the condition that the rolling mill is overloaded in a two-phase region can be avoided, a deformation temperature region with difficult plate shape control is avoided, and the longitudinal and transverse performance difference of the steel plate can be reduced. However, the finishing temperature is higher than 895 ℃, the grain refinement is insufficient, and the strengthening effect is influenced. The finishing temperature of the invention is preferably controlled to be 858-889 ℃. And after rolling, carrying out laminar cooling and coiling. The coiling temperature is set to be 580-650 ℃ and higher than 650 ℃, fine crystalline structures are not easy to obtain after coiling, and the strength and the toughness are not enough. When the temperature is lower than 580 ℃, excessive bainite transformation occurs, the elongation rate is reduced, and the forming performance is influenced. The coiling temperature of the invention is preferably controlled at 595-645 ℃, and the laminar flow adopts front section centralized cooling.
The corrosion-resistant steel for the coal-transporting gondola car produced by the method has the yield strength of more than 450MPa, the tensile strength of not less than 550MPa, the elongation of not less than 20 percent, the impact toughness of not less than 60J at minus 40 ℃, and qualified cold bending. According to TB/T2375-93, at 45 + -2 deg.C, 70% + -5% RH, 0.01mol/LNaHSO3The corrosion rate relative to Q345B was less than 55% under the 72h test in solution. According to JB/T7901-1999, 20% H at room temperature2SO4And the corrosion rate of the fully immersed tube in the + 3.5% NaCl solution for 24 hours is less than 4% relative to that of the Q345B.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) a plurality of alloy elements are added simultaneously, particularly the synergistic effect of Cr, Cu, Sb and Sn, and the auxiliary effect of Ti, Mo, B and other elements, and the effects of high strength and corrosion resistance are achieved through the small-amount multi-element effect of the alloy elements.
(2) The thickness of the continuous casting plate blank is 135-170 mm, the short-flow continuous casting and rolling process is adopted, the high-temperature short-time fast burning process is adopted, the efficiency is high, and the energy is saved.
(3) The steel plate not only has good atmospheric corrosion resistance, but also has excellent medium corrosion resistance. Compared with the weather-resistant steel currently used, the corrosion-resistant steel plate for the 450 MPa-grade coal transporting open wagon produced by the invention has the advantages that the atmospheric corrosion resistance is equivalent to that of the weather-resistant steel, but the medium corrosion resistance is obviously improved, particularly the corrosion-resistant steel plate can resist the coexistence of sulfuric acid and chloride ions, the service life of the coal transporting open wagon in severe environment can be prolonged, and the vehicle maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in detail, and are intended to be a general description of the invention, and not to limit the invention.
The chemical components of the steel of the invention are shown in table 1, the rolling process of the steel of the invention is shown in table 2, and the mechanical properties of the steel of the invention are shown in table 3. A sample of 50 multiplied by 5mm is cut out from the steel plate of the embodiment 1-10, a periodic infiltration test is carried out according to the test method by referring to the standard TB/T2375-93 periodic infiltration corrosion test method of weather-resistant steel for railways, the test time is 72h, and the results of the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 4; a sample of 50X 25X 5mm was cut out from the steel sheets of examples 1 to 10, and the test method was carried out at 20% H according to JB/T7901-1999 "method for testing homogeneous Corrosion Total Corrosion in metallic Material laboratory")2SO4+ 3.5% NaCl immersion test for 24H, 20% H resistance for the inventive steel examples2SO4The results of the + 3.5% NaCl corrosion test are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 1 chemical composition in wt% of inventive Steel examples
TABLE 2 Rolling Process of steels of examples of the invention
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of steels of examples of the invention
TABLE 4 test results of atmospheric corrosion resistance of steels according to the examples of the present invention
Steel grade | Relative corrosion rate/%) |
Example 1 | 52 |
Example 2 | 53 |
Example 3 | 54 |
Example 4 | 50 |
Example 5 | 52 |
Example 6 | 51 |
Example 7 | 53 |
Example 8 | 54 |
Example 9 | 54 |
Example 10 | 52 |
Q450NQR1 | 54 |
Q345B | 100 |
Note: plain carbon steel Q345B and high tensile weathering steel Q450NQR1 are comparative samples.
TABLE 5 Steel of the examples of the invention resistant to 20% H2SO4+ 3.5% NaCl Corrosion test results
Steel grade | Relative corrosion rate/%) |
Example 1 | 3.13 |
Example 2 | 3.07 |
Example 3 | 2.24 |
Example 4 | 3.15 |
Example 5 | 2.45 |
Example 6 | 2.92 |
Example 7 | 2.12 |
Example 8 | 2.25 |
Example 9 | 3.23 |
Example 10 | 3.10 |
Q450NQR1 | 12.3 |
Q345B | 100 |
Note: plain carbon steel Q345B and high tensile weathering steel Q450NQR1 are comparative samples.
As can be seen from tables 1-5, the corrosion-resistant steel for the coal gondola car produced by the technical scheme of the invention has the yield strength of more than 450MPa, the atmospheric corrosion resistance equivalent to that of the existing high-strength weathering steel Q450NQR1 and SO4 resistance2-+Cl-The corrosion effect is obviously superior to that of the existing high-strength weathering steel and plain carbon steel Q345B, not only has good atmospheric corrosion resistance, but also has excellent corrosion resistance in the coexistence environment of sulfuric acid and chloride ions, and meanwhile, the steel plate also has high strength, excellent formability and low-temperature toughness, and is suitable for manufacturing coal-transporting open trucks.
Claims (3)
1. The manufacturing method of the corrosion-resistant steel for the coal transportation open wagon with the yield strength of 450MPa is characterized in that the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.034% -0.069%, Si: 0.21-0.29%, Mn: 0.45-0.96%, P is less than or equal to 0.018%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, Als: 0.015% -0.045%, Cr: 0.35-0.89%, Ni: 0.11-0.19%, Cu: 0.25 to 0.38 percent, Ti: 0.012% -0.021%, Sb: 0.041-0.089%, Sn: 0.028% -0.046%, Mo: 0-0.19%, B: 0.00083% -0.0019%, Ca: 0.0008 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
the production process of the steel plate comprises the following steps: smelting a plate blank, continuously casting, heating, rolling, cooling and coiling, wherein:
(1) smelting and continuous casting process: carrying out molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF furnace desulfurization treatment and calcium treatment; electromagnetic stirring or dynamic soft reduction is adopted for continuous casting, and the converter procedure adopts a mode of adding antimony ingots after tapping and stirring by using argon; the thickness of the continuous casting billet is 135-170 mm;
(2) the rolling process comprises the following steps: heating the continuous casting plate blank to 1228-1249 ℃ by a heating furnace, wherein the heating steel burning atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, and the air-fuel ratio is lower than 2.0; the furnace time of the hot material heating section and the soaking section is not more than 110 min;
the rough rolling temperature is higher than 1101 ℃, the finish rolling start temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, the finish rolling temperature is 830-895 ℃, laminar cooling and coiling are carried out after rolling is finished, the coiling temperature is set to be 610-645 ℃, and front section concentrated cooling is adopted for laminar flow.
2. The method for manufacturing the corrosion-resistant steel for the coal transportation gondola with the yield strength of 450MPa according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the steel plate is 4.0-14.0 mm.
3. The manufacturing method of the corrosion-resistant steel with the yield strength of 450MPa for the coal transportation truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be 858-889 ℃.
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