CN109603741A - 一种脱磷剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种脱磷剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/55—Compounds of silicon, phosphorus, germanium or arsenic
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明的一种脱磷剂及其制备方法,其中,脱磷剂以脱磷剂总质量为基准,脱磷剂由以下质量百分比的组分制成:MnO2为30~50%,余量为天然矿物高岭土和海泡石复合载体。净化效率高:在常温条件下,在进口气中PH3含量≤1200ppm时,出口净化气中PH3含量小于0.1ppm,此时磷容高达18%;无“三废”排放:全部原料为天然矿物,生产过程中没有固废排放,没有废水排放,也没有NOx等污染性气体排放,为无污染方法。安全性高:本脱磷剂中不含可燃物质,制备及使用过程中不燃不爆,使用后不会产生乙炔铜等爆炸物,安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废气处理技术领域,具体涉及一种脱磷剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国拥有世界上最丰富的磷矿资源,黄磷的储量、产量和市场占有率均位居世界第一位。黄磷冶炼过程会产生大量尾气,这些尾气富含CO,具有较高的热值。但由于黄磷尾气成分复杂、净化难度大且投资多,因此黄磷生产企业以往大都直接将尾气放空燃烧。以2008年为例,我国黄磷实际产能824kt,排放尾气约22.3亿m3,直接燃排就意味着损失235PJ的热能,一方面造成能源、资源的浪费,另一方面会造成环境污染,不符合国家节能环保和发展循环经济的要求。尤其是2009年实施“黄磷行业准入条件”以来,明确规定黄磷尾气不能直排燃烧,必须实行资源化合理利用,新建装置尾气综合利用率需达90%以上。因此,黄磷尾气的回收与利用被提到了前所未有的高度。
黄磷尾气主要成分为CO,含量高达85%,经净化后,可作为碳一化工的宝贵原料,用于生产附加值较高的化工产品。但是黄磷尾气杂质众多,尾气中主要成分是CO,其他杂质有无机硫(H2S,S,SO2)、有机硫(CH4SH,COS)、SiF4、PH3、AsH3、P4、HF、CH4、CO2、O2、N2、氰化物以及原料粉尘等。因此,黄磷尾气综合利用的前提与技术瓶颈是黄磷尾气的深度净化,目前关于硫、砷、氟、氯、氰等均有针对性的脱除方法,而关于磷化物的脱除研究较少,适用的产品有较大局限性。
黄磷尾气具体组成如下:
与黄磷尾气类似的还有电石尾气,每年都有巨量的排放,迫切需要综合利用。
磷在原料气中的主要存在形式是可挥发性的PH3,具有孤电子对,是催化剂的严重毒物,因此在综合利用合成化工产品之前必须深度脱除。
目前国内、外所谓的广泛研究的脱磷剂主要是针对冶金行业脱除金属中的微量无机磷杂质,目的是提高金属制品的质量,这种类型的脱磷剂对气体中PH3的脱除均无能为力。有少量脱除尾气PH3的脱磷剂,通常以活性炭为载体负载氧化铜等过渡金属为活性组分。中国专利CN02113667.X报道了一种催化氧化净化黄磷尾气的催化剂,该催化剂以活性炭等为载体,用碱、铁盐、铜盐、锰盐、稀土等水溶液浸渍,经后处理制备而成,该类型催化剂在热处理过程中会排出NOx等废气,会造成环境污染;该催化剂通过升温补氧,可将黄磷尾气中的磷、硫、氟等的含量降低到小于10mg/m3;但该专利没有给出具体的磷容量,不能达到小于0.1ppm的要求,净化效率不高。中国专利CN101422737.B黄磷尾气专用催化剂TP201的制备方法,该催化剂以活性炭为载体,以硝酸铝、硫酸亚铁、硝酸锰、硝酸钙、硝酸铜、硝酸钾为活性浸渍液,经过浸渍、干燥、焙烧而成,该类型催化剂在热处理过程中会排出NOx等废气,会造成环境污染;而且该催化剂脱除磷化氢的机理为催化氧化,需要在较高温度(70~140℃)下操作,由于载体活性炭是一种可燃物质,在制备和使用过程中均存在起火燃烧的风险。中国专利CN104046799B以无机膨润土为载体,以铁、镍、锰、锌、铜、铈的金属氧化物中的一种为活性组分,以碱金属氧化物和碱土金属氧化物为助剂组分,经挤条成型后干燥,300~400℃焙烧2小时以上制得,该产品在制备过程中使用氨水沉淀可溶性金属盐制备含活性成分的浆液,在洗涤过程中存在废水排放问题,而且氨水容易挥发,造成空气污染。美国专利US5182088公开了一种化学吸附剂,该吸附剂是将AgO、HgO等添加到铜、锌等氧化物中制备而成,经计算该吸附剂用于净化PH3时磷容小于2%,并且添加了Ag、Hg等造成催化剂的成本偏高,而且重金属Hg对环境污染严重。
由此可见,国内外开发的脱磷剂基本都以活性炭为载体,脱磷剂制备过程中需要高温焙烧,热处理过程中会排出NOx等污染性气体,有的还有废水排放,均会造成环境污染。而且脱磷操作温度也较高,存在起火燃烧的风险,并且磷容低,净化度不高,成本偏高;因此需要开发一种无污染的、高效且低成本的适用于黄磷尾气、电石尾气等原料气PH3脱除的新型脱磷剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种适用于黄磷尾气、电石尾气等原料气中PH3脱除的脱磷剂及其制备方法,该脱磷剂具有生产无污染、常温使用、效率高、成本低等特点,可满足黄磷尾气PH3的脱除要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明之一种脱磷剂,以脱磷剂总质量为基准,所述脱磷剂由以下质量百分比的组分制成:MnO2为30~50%,余量为天然矿物高岭土和海泡石复合载体。
在上述方案基础上优选,所述天然矿物高岭土与所述海泡石的质量比例为0.3~1:1。
本发明还提供了一种脱磷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
步骤S1,将所述天然矿物高岭土、海泡石粉碎至粒度120~300目,将天然软锰矿粉碎至≤400目;
步骤S2,按如权利要求1所述的比例,将所述天然矿物高岭土、海泡石粉碎与所述天然软锰矿粉混合均匀,加水充分混合;
步骤S3,步骤S2获取的混合物,通过挤条机挤出成型,挤出物于100~150℃干燥2小时以上,再在380~450℃焙烧2~4小时。
本发明还提供了一种脱磷剂的使用方法,所述脱磷剂使用条件为:常压,反应温度0~50℃,空速1000~3000h-1。
本发明与现有技术相比,其有益效果是:
1、净化效率高:在常温条件下,在进口气中PH3含量≤1200ppm时,出口净化气中PH3含量小于0.1ppm,此时磷容高达18%;
2、无“三废”排放:全部原料为天然矿物,生产过程中没有固废排放,没有废水排放,也没有NOx等污染性气体排放,为无污染方法。
3、安全性高:本脱磷剂中不含可燃物质,制备及使用过程中不燃不爆,使用后不会产生乙炔铜等爆炸物,安全性高。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种脱磷剂的制备方法的流程框图。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明之技术内容、构造特征、所达成目的及功效,以下兹例举实施例并配合附图详予说明。
为了详细说明本发明的技术效果,以下述实施例1-4为本发明的脱磷剂制备例,所述实施例仅用于说明本发明而不是用于限制本发明。
实施例1
1、称取粉碎至120目的天然矿物高岭土14克,粉碎至120目的天然矿物海泡石46克,以及粉碎至400目的天然软锰矿40克,混匀;
2、向上述混合粉体中加入约40毫升水,混碾成可塑性面团;
3、将上述面团挤条成型后于100℃干燥8小时,再在450℃焙烧2小时即得脱磷剂A。
实施例2
1、称取粉碎至120目的天然矿物高岭土16克,粉碎至200目的天然矿物海泡石54克,以及粉碎至400目的天然软锰矿30克,混匀;
2、向上述混合粉体中加入约42毫升水,混碾成可塑性面团;
3、将上述面团挤条成型后于150℃干燥2小时,再在380℃焙烧4小时即得脱磷剂B。
实施例3
1、称取粉碎至200目的天然矿物高岭土25克,粉碎至200目的天然矿物海泡石25克,以及粉碎至400目的天然软锰矿50克,混匀;
2、向上述混合粉体中加入约39毫升水,混碾成可塑性面团;
3、将上述面团挤条成型后于120℃干燥3小时,再在400℃焙烧4小时即得脱磷剂C。
实施例4
1、称取粉碎至200目的天然矿物高岭土17克,粉碎至200目的天然矿物海泡石33克,以及粉碎至500目的天然软锰矿50克,混匀;
2、向上述混合粉体中加入约41毫升水,混碾成可塑性面团;
3、将上述面团挤条成型后于120℃干燥4小时,再在420℃焙烧3小时即得脱磷剂D。
检测方法
本实施例以实施例1~4制备而成的脱磷剂A~D作为样本,进行脱除PH3性能的测试。
其中,脱磷剂强度测试在智能强度仪上测量,以侧压强度计。脱磷性能测试在Φ28mm石英反应管中进行,将脱磷剂A~D用剪刀剪成的高径比约等于1的颗粒,各取30ml装入反应器中,气体为CO-N2混合气,体积空速1000~3000h-1,配入PH3含量为1200ppm,反应温度0~50℃,压力为常压,磷容量以出口气体中PH3含量大于0.1ppm时的脱磷剂吸附量即穿透磷容表示。其结果见表1:
表1、各实施例脱磷剂性能测试结果
综上所述,仅为本发明之较佳实施例,不以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆为本发明专利涵盖的范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种脱磷剂,其特征在于,以脱磷剂总质量为基准,所述脱磷剂由以下质量百分比的组分制成:MnO2为30~50%,余量为天然矿物高岭土和海泡石复合载体。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种脱磷剂,其特征在于,所述天然矿物高岭土与所述海泡石的质量比例为0.3~1:1。
3.一种脱磷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
步骤S1,将所述天然矿物高岭土、海泡石粉碎至粒度120~300目,将天然软锰矿粉碎至≤400目;
步骤S2,按如权利要求1所述的比例,将所述天然矿物高岭土、海泡石粉碎与所述天然软锰矿粉混合均匀,加水充分混合;
步骤S3,步骤S2获取的混合物,通过挤条机挤出成型,挤出物于100~150℃干燥2小时以上,再在380~450℃焙烧2~4小时。
4.一种脱磷剂的使用方法,其特征在于,所述脱磷剂使用条件为:常压,反应温度0~50℃,空速1000~3000h-1。
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