CN109593042B - 一种有机电致发光材料及包含其的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种有机电致发光材料及包含其的有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种有机电致发光材料及包含其的有机电致发光器件,属于电致发光技术领域。本发明在双(三芳基胺)对称性结构的基础上,引入了金刚烷作为新的核心基团,改变了分子形态,降低了结构的对称性,从而提升材料成膜性;金刚烷基团本身具有较大的空间位阻和刚性结构,同时其非共轭的分子结构不会影响三芳基胺的电子能级,保证了材料的空穴传输性能;本发明所述含金刚烷基团的化合物具有优异的空穴传输性能,可用于制作有机电致发光器件,尤其是用作有机电致发光器件中的空穴传输层材料,能够有效提高有机发光器件的发光效率和使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机电致发光材料及其作为有机电致发光器件中空穴传输层材料的应用,具体涉及有机电致发光材料及包含其的有机电致发光器件,属于电致发光领域。
背景技术
电致发光(Electroluminescence),又可称电场发光,简称EL,是通过加在两电极的电压产生电场,被电场激发的电子碰击发光中心,而引致电子在能级间的跃迁、变化、复合导致发光的一种物理现象。近年来,有机电致发光器件(OLED:Organicelectroluminescent device)作为新一代显示技术逐渐进入人们的视野。OLED是一种由多层有机薄膜结构形成的电致发光器件,其中的有机薄膜是利用蒸镀、蒸镀或旋涂工艺在基板上形成的有机发光材料的膜。与传统的显示技术相比,其在电压特性、发光亮度、发光效率、色质、响应速度以及观赏视角等方面极具优势,并且成本低,因此拥有广阔的市场前景。
为了提高有机电致发光器件的亮度、效率和寿命,通常在器件中使用多层结构。这些多层结构包括:空穴注入层(hole injection layer),空穴传输层(hole transportlayer),电子阻挡层((electron-blocking layer)、发光层(emitting layer)和电子传输层(electron transport layer)等等。这些有机层具有提高载流子(空穴和电子)在各层界面间的注入效率,平衡载流子在各层之间传输的能力,从而提高器件的亮度和效率。
目前,虽然大量性能优良的有机电致发光材料已被陆续开发出来,但该技术仍然存在很多问题,如何设计新的性能更好的材料进行调节,以至于所有器件能够达到降低电压、提高效率和寿命的效果,一直是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高耐热性以及优异的化学稳定性而可用作为空穴注入层、空穴输送层或电子阻挡层材料等的有机电致发光材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种包含所述有机电致发光材料的有机发光器件,具有较低的驱动电压、较高的发光效率和使用寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种有机电致发光材料,该材料的结构式如化学式1所示:
Ar1、Ar2、Ar5与Ar6相同或不同,分别独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-24的炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂芳基中的一种;
Ar3及Ar4相同或不同,分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-24的亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为3-20的环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的杂环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为 2-30的杂亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数3-15的环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-15的杂亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-15的杂亚炔基中的一种;
所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、与Ar6的取代基相同或不同,且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、硝基、卤素、羟基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-24 的炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数7-20的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数6-20的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数6-20的芳氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的杂芳氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数7-20的芳烷氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-24的芳基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-20的芳氧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-20芳硫基中的一种。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar5、与Ar6相同或不同,分别独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂芳基中的一种。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述Ar3、Ar4选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂亚芳烷基中的一种。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述化学式1为如下结构中的一种:
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述Ar3、Ar4选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基中的一种。
一种有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极以及在所述阴极和阳极之间的一层以上有机层,所述阴极和阳极之间的一层以上有机层中至少一层包含如前 所述的电致发光材料。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述有机层选自空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层以及电子注入层。
本发明进一步的改进在于,包含权利要求1所述的电致发光材料的有机物层为空穴传输层。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:
1.本发明在双(三芳基胺)对称性结构的基础上,引入了金刚烷作为新的核心基团,改变了分子形态,降低了结构的对称性,从而提升材料成膜性;
2.金刚烷基团本身具有较大的空间位阻和刚性结构,同时其非共轭的分子结构不会影响三芳基胺的电子能级,保证了材料的空穴传输性能;
3.处于分子中心位置的金刚烷基团也可受到两侧三芳基胺的保护作用,可以在一定程度的抑制其在高温下发生异构化/脱氢反应,从而提高材料的纯度和器件性能;
4.本发明所述含金刚烷基团的化合物具有优异的空穴传输性能,可用于制作有机电致发光器件,尤其是用作有机电致发光器件中的空穴传输层材料,能够有效提高有机发光器件的发光效率和使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的有机电致发光材料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。但是,下述实施例仅是本发明的例示,而并非限定本发明。
参见图1,本发明的一种有机电致发光材料,该材料的结构式如化学式1所示:
Ar1、Ar2、Ar5与Ar6相同或不同,分别独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-24的炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂芳基中的一种;
Ar3及Ar4相同或不同,分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-24的亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为3-20的环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的杂环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为 2-30的杂亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数3-15的环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-15的杂亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-15的杂亚炔基中的一种;
所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、与Ar6的取代基相同或不同,且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、硝基、卤素、羟基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-24 的炔基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数7-20的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数2-20的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数6-20的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的烷氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数6-20的芳氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数1-20的杂芳氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数7-20的芳烷氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-24的芳基甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-20的芳氧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-20芳硫基中的一种。
具体的,所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar5、与Ar6相同或不同,分别独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂芳基中的一种。
具体的,所述Ar3、Ar4选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为7-30的亚芳烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂亚芳烷基中的一种。
具体的,所述化学式1为如下结构中的一种:
本发明中所述Ar3、Ar4选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基中的一种。
一种基于上述有机电致发光材料的有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极以及在所述阴极和阳极之间所具有的一层以上有机层,在所述一层以上的有机层中至少一层包含上述的电致发光材料。
所述有机层包含空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层以及电子注入层。
包含所述有机电致发光材料的有机物层为空穴传输层。
本发明中未取代的“烷基”,指的是碳原子数为1-20的烷基,包含碳原子数为1-20的直链烷基,或碳原子数为1-6的支链烷基。例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、戊基、异戊基、已基等。取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、 Cl、I、CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
本发明中的未取代的烯基,指的是的碳原子数为2-20的烯基,包含碳碳双键的碳原子数为2-20的直链的烯基,或包含碳原子数为1-6的支链的烯基。例如:乙烯基、丙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基、2-丁烯基等。取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。本发明中的未取代的炔基,指的是的碳原子数为2-24的炔基,包含碳碳三键的碳原子数为2-24的直链炔基,或包含碳原子数为1-7的支链的炔基。例如:乙炔基、2-丙炔基等。取代的碳原子数为2-24的炔基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
本发明中的未取代的芳基,指的是的碳原子数为6-30的芳基。例如:苯基、萘基、芘基、二甲基芴基、蒽基、菲基、基、甘菊环基、苊基、联苯基、苯并蒽基、螺二芴基、苝基、茚基等。取代的碳原子数为6-30的芳基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、 CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
本发明中未取代的芳烷基,指的是碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基。例如:甲苯基、二甲基芴基等等。取代的碳原子数为7-30的芳烷基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
本发明未取代的杂芳基,指的是碳原子数为2-30的杂芳基。例如:吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、二苯并硒吩基等。取代的碳原子数为2-30的杂芳基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、 CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
本发明未取代的环烷基,指的是碳原子数为3-20的环烷基。例如:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、降冰片基、金刚烷基等等。取代的碳原子数为3-20的环烷基是指至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、CN、羟基、硝基、氨基等取代。
化合物1的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和溴苯(10.3g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(70mL)中,在 0℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌8h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7。然后分液,有机相使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂;以正庚烷为流动相,使用硅胶柱色谱法对粗品进行提纯后,使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行重结晶,得到6.8g白色固体中间体1-A,收率为51%。
将2-溴甲苯(10.0g,58.5mmol),2-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴(13.5g,64.3mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.1g,1.2mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.1g,2.3mmol)以及叔丁醇钠 (8.4g,87.7mmol)加入甲苯(150mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌2h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/乙醇体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到11.3g浅黄色固体中间体1-B,收率为65%。
将中间体1-A(6.8g,15.2mmol),1-B(10.0g,33.5mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.6g, 0.6mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.5g,1.2mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(4.4g,45.7mmol) 加入甲苯(50mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌16h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯乙烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到5.6g白色固体化合物1,收率为42%。质谱:m/z=883.5(M+H+)
化合物2的合成
将2-溴-9,9-二甲基芴(15.0g,54.9mmol),4-氨基联苯(10.2g,60.4mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.0g,1.1mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.0g,2.2mmol)以及叔丁醇钠 (7.9g,82.4mmol)加入甲苯(200mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌2h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到14.4g白色固体中间体2-B,收率为73%。
将中间体1-A(5.0g,11.2mmol),2-B(8.9g,24.7mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.4g, 0.4mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,0.9mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.2g,33.6mmol) 加入甲苯(50mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌12h;而后冷却至室温,过滤得到固体,固体使用水和乙醇洗后干燥;使用二氯乙烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.8g白色固体化合物2,收率为60%。质谱:m/z=1007.5(M+H+)
化合物3的合成
将2-溴-9,9-二甲基芴(15.0g,54.9mmol),2-氨基联苯(10.2g,60.4mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.0g,1.1mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.0g,2.2mmol)以及叔丁醇钠 (7.9g,82.4mmol)加入甲苯(200mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌5h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到11.9g浅褐色固体中间体3-B,收率为60%。
将中间体1-A(5.0g,11.2mmol),3-B(8.9g,24.7mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.4g, 0.4mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,0.9mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.2g,33.6mmol) 加入甲苯(50mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌16h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到5.2g白色固体化合物3,收率为46%。质谱:m/z= 1007.5(M+H+)
化合物4的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-溴甲苯(11.2g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(70mL) 中,在0℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌8h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7。然后分液,有机相使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂;以正庚烷为流动相,使用硅胶柱色谱法对粗品进行提纯后,使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行重结晶,得到6.0g白色固体中间体4-A,收率为43%。
将溴苯(10g,63.7mmol),2-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴(14.7g,70.1mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.2g,1.3mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.2g,2.5mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(9.2g, 95.5mmol)加入甲苯(150mL)中,氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌2h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/乙醇体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到14.5g白色固体中间体4-B,收率为80%。
将中间体4-A(6.0g,12.7mmol),4-B(7.9g,27.8mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5g, 0.5mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,1.0mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.6g,38.0mmol) 加入甲苯(50mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌16h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷 /正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.1g白色固体化合物4,收率为55%。质谱:m/z =883.5(M+H+)
化合物5的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-氟溴苯(11.4g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(80mL) 中,在0℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌12h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7。然后分液,有机相使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂;以正庚烷为流动相使用硅胶柱色谱法对粗品进行提纯后,使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行重结晶,得到8.1g白色固体中间体5-A,收率为57%。
将中间体5-A(4.0g,8.3mmol),4-B(5.2g,18.2mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.3g, 0.3mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.3g,0.7mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(2.4g,24.9mmol) 加入甲苯(30mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌12h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯乙烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.1g白色固体化合物5,收率为83%。质谱:m/z=891.5(M+H+)
化合物6的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和4-溴联苯(15.2g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(100mL) 中,在0℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌4h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7。然后将反应液过滤得到固体,固体使用水和乙醇洗后干燥,使用二氯甲烷对固体粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到7.7g白色固体中间体6-A,收率为43%。
将2-溴萘(15.0g,72.4mmol),2-甲基苯胺(8.5g,79.7mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.3g, 1.4mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.4g,2.9mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(10.4g, 108.7mmol)加入甲苯(200mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌3h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到13.1g白色固体中间体6-B,收率为 78%。
将中间体6-A(7.7g,12.9mmol),6-B(6.6g,28.3mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5g, 0.5mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,1.0mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.7g,38.6mmol) 加入甲苯(60mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌20h;而后冷却至室温,反应液过滤后得到固体,使用水和乙醇洗后烘干;而后使用甲苯对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到5.4g 白色固体化合物6,收率为46%。质谱:m/z=903.5(M+H+)
化合物7的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-溴二苯并呋喃(16.2g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷 (100mL)中,在零下10℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌4h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7,过滤得到固体,固体使用水和乙醇洗后干燥,使用二氯甲烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到9.2g白色固体中间体7-A,收率为49%。
将溴苯(10.0g,63.7mmol),4-氨基联苯(11.9g,70.1mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.2g, 1.3mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.2g,2.5mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(9.2g,95.5mmol) 加入甲苯(150mL)中,氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌1h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/ 乙醇体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到11.7g浅黄色固体中间体7-B,收率为75%。
将中间体7-A(9.2g,14.7mmol),7-B(7.9g,32.3mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5g, 0.6mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.5g,1.2mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(4.2g,44.1mmol) 加入甲苯(80mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌8h;而后冷却至室温,反应液过滤后得到固体,使用水和乙醇洗后烘干;而后使用二氯乙烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到 7.0g白色固体化合物7,收率为50%。质谱:m/z=955.4(M+H+)
化合物8的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-溴二苯并噻吩(xxg,xxmmol)溶于二氯甲烷 (100mL)中,在零下10℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌6h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7,过滤得到固体,固体使用水和乙醇洗后干燥,使用二氯乙烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到7.6g白色固体中间体8-A,收率为39%。
将2-溴甲苯(15.0g,87.7mmol),苯胺(9.0g,96.5mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1.6g, 1.8mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.7g,3.5mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(12.6g, 131.5mmol)加入甲苯(200mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌1h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷为洗脱液对粗品进行硅胶柱色谱法提纯后,使用乙醇进行重结晶,得到 10.2g浅褐色固体中间体8-B,收率为63%。
将中间体8-A(7.6g,11.5mmol),8-B(4.7g,25.4mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.4g, 0.5mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,0.9mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.3g,34.6mmol) 加入甲苯(60mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌12h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷 /正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到4.7g白色固体化合物8,收率为47%。质谱:m/z =863.4(M+H+)
化合物9的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-溴萘(13.5g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(80mL)中,在零下20℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌4h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7,过滤得到固体,固体使用水和乙醇洗后干燥,使用二氯甲烷对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.9g白色固体中间体9-A,收率为42%。
将2-溴甲苯(10.0g,58.5mmol),4-氨基联苯(10.9g,64.3mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯 (1.1g,1.2mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(1.1g,2.3mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(8.4g, 87.7mmol)加入甲苯(150mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌2h;而后冷却至室温,反应液过滤后得到固体,使用水和乙醇洗后烘干;而后使用甲苯对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到7.0g白色固体化合物9,收率为50%。
将中间体9-A(6.9g,xxmmol),9-B(7.2g,27.8mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5g, 0.5mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,1.0mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.6g,37.9mmol) 加入甲苯(60mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌16h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用二氯乙烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.1g白色固体化合物9,收率53%。质谱:m/z=903.5(M+H+)
化合物10的合成
将1,3-金刚烷二醇(5.0g,29.7mmol)和2-溴-9,9-二甲基芴(17.9g,65.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(100mL)中,在零下10℃氮气保护条件下,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(11.2g,74.3mmol),保温搅拌4h后升至室温,向反应液中滴加2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液,使得反应液的pH值=7。然后分液,有机相使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂;以正庚烷为流动相,使用硅胶柱色谱法对粗品进行提纯后,使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行重结晶,得到8.9g白色固体中间体10-A,收率为44%。
将中间体10-A(8.9g,13.1mmol),二苯胺(4.9g,29mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5g, 0.5mmol),2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.4g,1.0mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(3.8g,39.3mmol) 加入甲苯(70mL)中,在氮气保护下加热至回流温度,搅拌6h;而后冷却至室温,反应液使用水洗后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到6.9g白色固体化合物10,收率为62%。质谱:m/z=855.5(M+H+)
实施例1:制作有机电致发光器件
通过以下过程制备阳极:将厚度为的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成 40mm×40mm×0.7mm的尺寸,采用光刻工序,将其制备成具有阴极、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板,利用紫外臭氧以及O2:N2等离子进行表面处理,以增加阳极(实验基板) 的功函数的和清除浮渣。
将DBimiBphen和LiQ以1:1的重量比进行混合并蒸镀形成了厚的电子输送层 (ETL),将LiQ蒸镀在电子传输层上以形成厚度为的电子注入层(EIL),然后将镁(Mg) 和银(Ag)以9:1的比例混合,真空蒸镀在电子注入层上,形成厚度为的阴极。
此外,在上述阴极上作为蒸镀了厚度为65nm的N-(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)-4'-(9H- 咔唑-9-基)-N-苯基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-胺,形成覆盖层(CPL),从而完成有机发光器件的制造。
实施例2-10
除了在形成空穴传输层时各自使用表1中所示的化合物以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
即实施例2采用化合物2制作有机电致发光器件,实施例3采用化合物3制作有机电致发光器件,实施例4-10分别采用相应的化合物4-10制作有机电致发光器件,器件性能见表1。
比较例1~比较例3
在所述实施例1中,除了使用了NPB、化合物A以及化合物B作为空穴输送层替代化合物1之外,用与实施例1相同的方法制造有机电致发光器件。
即比较例1采用NPB制造有机电致发光器件,比较例2采用化合物A制造有机电致发光器件,比较例3采用化合物B制造有机电致发光器件,器件性能见表1。
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件,在10mA/cm2的条件下分析了器件的性能,其结果示于下表1。
表1器件性能
实施例 | 化合物 | V | lm/W | Cd/A | Cd/m<sup>2</sup> | 颜色 | EQE(%) | T50(hr) |
1 | 化合物1 | 3.95 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 772.3 | 蓝色 | 14.4 | 3000 |
2 | 化合物2 | 3.90 | 6 | 7.4 | 745.2 | 蓝色 | 14.7 | 3050 |
3 | 化合物3 | 3.88 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 758.9 | 蓝色 | 14.9 | 2900 |
4 | 化合物4 | 3.89 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 751.8 | 蓝色 | 13.8 | 3300 |
5 | 化合物5 | 3.89 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 724.5 | 蓝色 | 14.9 | 2900 |
6 | 化合物6 | 3.88 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 728.4 | 蓝色 | 13.3 | 3400 |
7 | 化合物7 | 3.89 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 734.7 | 蓝色 | 13.8 | 3100 |
8 | 化合物8 | 3.89 | 6 | 7.4 | 717.7 | 蓝色 | 14.4 | 3000 |
9 | 化合物9 | 3.87 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 730.1 | 蓝色 | 13.1 | 3400 |
10 | 化合物10 | 3.90 | 6 | 7.4 | 732.4 | 蓝色 | 14.7 | 2980 |
比较例1 | NPB | 4.00 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 549 | 蓝色 | 6.9 | 1650 |
比较例2 | 化合物A | 4.10 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 627 | 蓝色 | 10.9 | 2600 |
比较例3 | 化合物B | 3.91 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 665.5 | 蓝色 | 10.9 | 2850 |
参考表1,实施例1-10将本发明的化合物用作空穴输送层的情况下,与比较例1-3的化合物相比,电压(V),电流效率(Cd/A)、光亮度(Cd/m2)和外量子效率(EQE)以及半寿命(T50) 均呈现出更好的特性。因此,使用本发明化合物制作的器件,具有降低驱动电压、提高发光效率以及延长使用寿命的特性。
综上所述,将本发明化合物用作有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层,使得包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件具有更低的驱动电压、更高的发光效率和更好的寿命。
根据所述实施例的有机电发光器件的结果的表1可知,本发明的化合物在双(三芳基胺) 对称性结构的基础上,引入了金刚烷作为新的核心基团,改变了分子形态,降低了结构的对称性。将其用作空穴输送材料时,能够进一步提升材料的空穴传输性能。因此,可以制造驱动电压、发光效率、外量子效率以及半寿命等具有优异特性的有机电致发光器件。
以上实施例只是对本发明的化合物的进一步说明,本发明的发明要求保护范围并不限定于此。对本发明所属领域的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离发明要求保护范围中所记载的本发明的技术思想的范围下,对本发明进行的各种补充及变形也属于本发明的保护范围。
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