CN109570590B - Flow channel space dividing method for machining blisk - Google Patents
Flow channel space dividing method for machining blisk Download PDFInfo
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- CN109570590B CN109570590B CN201910009668.5A CN201910009668A CN109570590B CN 109570590 B CN109570590 B CN 109570590B CN 201910009668 A CN201910009668 A CN 201910009668A CN 109570590 B CN109570590 B CN 109570590B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B23C3/18—Working surfaces curved in two directions for shaping screw-propellers, turbine blades, or impellers
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于整体叶盘加工的流道空间划分方法，先构建流道空间几何模型，并投影至标准参数空间内；对流道空间几何模型进行点的离散，并建立每个离散点对应于某一加工刀具的刀轴矢量可行域；根据离散点的位置与其刀轴矢量可行域进行离散点的迭代划分，直至划分出的每个离散点的点集内拥有公共的刀轴矢量可行域；将每个离散点集构建的几何包围体作为用于生成加工轨迹的实体模型，具体用于整体叶盘流道空间3+2轴加工刀轨的生成过程，用于生成加工该区域的型腔铣削轨迹。该方法可提高整体叶盘流道空间粗加工的编程效率与刀轨的实用性，生成的刀轨可提高整体叶盘粗加工过程的加工效率，并降低整体叶盘数控铣削加工的成本。
The invention discloses a flow channel space division method for integral blisk processing. First, a flow channel space geometric model is constructed and projected into a standard parameter space; points are discretized on the flow channel space geometric model, and each discrete The point corresponds to the feasible region of the tool axis vector of a machining tool; according to the position of the discrete point and the feasible region of the tool axis vector, the discrete points are iteratively divided, until the point set of each discrete point divided has a common tool axis vector. Feasible region; the geometric bounding volume constructed by each discrete point set is used as the solid model for generating the machining trajectory, which is specifically used for the generation process of the 3+2-axis machining tool path in the overall blisk runner space, which is used to generate and process the region. the pocket milling path. The method can improve the programming efficiency of the blisk flow channel space roughing and the practicability of the tool path, and the generated tool path can improve the processing efficiency of the blisk roughing process and reduce the cost of the blisk NC milling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blisk machining, in particular to a flow channel space dividing method for blisk machining.
Background
Because the flow channel space of the blisk is complex, a 5-coordinate machine tool is generally adopted for machining in numerical control rough milling, and the main modes comprise two modes: and carrying out five-axis linkage rough milling and 3+ 2-axis rough milling.
In the 5-axis linkage rough machining of the flow channel space of the blisk, a tool path can be calculated by adopting methods such as a boundary offset method; in the 3+ 2-axis rough machining of the blisk, different regions need to be manually separated, machining tracks are generated in an offset mode, an angle head is installed on a traditional 3-axis machine tool to conduct partition rough milling on parts, and different cutter shaft vectors are adopted for different regions.
In the existing rough milling process of the 3+2 shaft of the blisk, the area of a runner space needs to be determined in a manual mode, and a corresponding cutter shaft vector needs to be designated manually, so that the processing track of the area is generated. The process lacks theoretical support, division is performed only depending on experience of technologists, and supplementary processing needs to be performed for multiple times if region division is not appropriate.
At present, in the area division aspect of blisk flow passage processing at home and abroad, only two types of division along the blade unfolding direction and division along the designed section line direction are provided.
When the space of the blade disc is too complex, the area divided by the two methods cannot be processed by using a 3+2 shaft mode. And for the blisk with wide chord blades, the chord length of the blades is larger than the extending length of the cutter, and a mode of processing and splicing two sides is required, so that the constraint caused by the geometric dimension of the cutter is required to be considered in the region division.
At present, a corresponding method for dividing the flow passage space area of the blisk does not exist, so that the processing efficiency of the blisk 3+2 shaft is limited, and the processing cost of the blisk 3+2 shaft is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flow channel space dividing method for blisk processing, the method can improve the programming efficiency of blisk flow channel space rough processing and the practicability of a tool path, the generated tool path can improve the processing efficiency of the blisk rough processing process, the cost of blisk numerical control milling processing is reduced, and the problems in the background art can be effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a flow channel space dividing method for machining a blisk comprises the following steps:
and 500, collecting the entity model as an original runner model, wherein the divided entity model is used in the generation process of the blisk runner space 3+ 2-axis machining tool path and used for generating a cavity milling track for machining the region.
Preferably, the arbor vector feasible region is expressed and calculated in the form of a spherical grid.
Preferably, the step 300 further comprises:
and for any discrete point set, the minimum safe distance is maximum, the optimized target optimized cutter axis vector is selected, and the optimized cutter axis vector is used as a constraint to reconstruct the geometric bounding volume of the point set.
Preferably, the standard parameter space is a standard uvw space, i.e. a space formed by a unit cube.
Preferably, the step 300 further comprises:
the discrete points are divided in a standard uvw space in a clustering and binary tree dividing mode through iteration, and a distance calculation method in clustering uses uvw coordinates and attribute values to perform weighting calculation.
Preferably, the point set is divided into n sub-regions by clustering in each division, and if there is a sub-region without a feasible region of the common arbor vector, the value of n is increased and the sub-region without the feasible region of the common arbor vector is divided again until all the sub-regions have the feasible region of the common arbor vector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can automatically divide the flow passage space of the blisk, and the division result enables discrete points in each area to have a common cutter shaft vector feasible region, so that the same cutter shaft vector can be used for calculating a cutter path, and each area can be subjected to 3+ 2-axis processing through a certain fixed posture, thereby reducing the vibration in the processing of the blade flow passage and improving the processing efficiency;
the method has the advantages of minimizing the number of divided areas, reducing the times of angle head reversing in the machining of the blisk 3+2 shaft and further improving the machining and programming efficiency.
After the processing area is divided, the corresponding cutter shaft vector can be optimized, and the cutter shaft vector with the largest safe distance is obtained to be used as the cutter shaft vector for processing the area, so that the safety in processing is ensured.
The invention establishes a geometric model by taking an optimized cutter shaft vector as a constraint aiming at the divided point set, and can be used for generating a corresponding cavity milling track, thereby further reducing the vibration in the processing, prolonging the service life of the cutter and improving the corresponding economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow channel spatial model and a parameter space mapping according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flow channel spatial dispersion according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dispersion of the unit sphere space of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feasible region of a tool axis vector in a spherical coordinate space according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the dividing effect of the flow channel space according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a common cutter axis vector feasible region according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a flow channel space dividing method for blisk machining, which mainly comprises the following steps:
and ensuring that points in each subspace have a common cutter shaft vector feasible region through reasonable division of a processing space, and further establishing a geometric model which is used as a blank model for generating a fixed-axis cavity milling track.
The method can improve the programming efficiency of the blisk runner space rough machining and the practicability of the tool path, the generated tool path can improve the machining efficiency of the blisk rough machining process, and the cost of the blisk numerical control milling machining is reduced.
The invention can also be used for processing the 3+2 shaft of the groove part with complex geometric shape.
The method is mainly realized by the following steps:
step 100:
as shown in fig. 1, constructing a flow channel space geometric model according to adjacent blades of a blisk, projecting the flow channel space geometric model into a standard parameter space, and performing three-dimensional parameterization on the flow channel space;
the preferred standard parameter space is the standard uvw space, i.e. the space made up of unit cubes.
Step 200:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, point dispersion is performed on the flow channel space geometric model according to a certain rule, and an arbor vector family is established by using the midpoint of the triangular mesh of the unit spherical surface with the equal-area dispersion; firstly, establishing a unit spherical surface, then carrying out equal-area dispersion on the unit spherical surface, dispersing the unit spherical surface into a series of triangular surface patches with equal areas, finally taking the position in a Cartesian coordinate system corresponding to the midpoint of each surface patch as a vector corresponding to the triangular surface patch, wherein the vectors corresponding to all the triangular surface patches form a vector family, and the vector in the vector family is used as an alternative arbor vector to carry out subsequent tool position solving, so that the vector family is called as an arbor vector family. The arbor vector feasible region is a set of arbor vectors selected from the above-mentioned arbor vector family, and all the vectors in the arbor vector feasible region are vectors corresponding to the discrete point and the feasible arbor vector of the machining tool, while the vectors in the arbor vector family may not be feasible vectors. In other words, the family of arbor vectors is a dispersion to a unit space, and the arbor vector feasible region is an attribute for a certain discrete point or a certain region.
As shown in fig. 4, according to the geometry of the designated machining tool, an arbor vector feasible region corresponding to a certain machining tool is calculated for each discrete point, and the arbor vector feasible region is expressed and calculated in the form of a spherical grid.
The feasible regions of the cutter shaft vectors are contained in a cutter shaft vector family, and the gravity center of a feasible cutter shaft vector set in a spherical coordinate system corresponding to each discrete point is calculated as an attribute value of the feasible cutter shaft vector set.
Step 300:
and carrying out iterative division on the discrete points according to the positions of the discrete points and the arbor vector feasible region of the discrete points until a point set of each divided discrete point has a common arbor vector feasible region and the number of the discrete point sets is minimum.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the discrete points are divided in a standard uvw space in a clustering and binary tree dividing mode through iteration, and a distance calculation method in clustering uses uvw coordinates and attribute values to perform weighted calculation;
the point set is divided into n sub-regions by clustering in each division, if a certain sub-region has no common cutter axis vector feasible region, the region without the common cutter axis vector feasible region is divided again until all the sub-regions have the common cutter axis vector feasible region, the divided certain sub-region is shown in fig. 5, and the common cutter axis vector feasible region is shown in fig. 6.
The method has the advantages that the number of divided areas is minimum, the number of machining programming of the blisk 3+2 shaft and the number of times of angle head reversing can be reduced, and therefore machining and programming efficiency is improved.
Step 400:
for any discrete point set, optimizing a cutter axis vector in a cutter axis vector feasible domain by taking the minimum safe distance as the maximum optimization target, and reconstructing a geometric bounding volume of the point set by taking the optimized cutter axis vector as constraint, wherein the geometric bounding volume constructed by each discrete point set is used for a numerical control programming process as a generated entity model after division;
step 500:
the union of the solid models is an original runner model, and the divided solid models are used in the generation process of the blisk runner space 3+ 2-axis machining tool path and used for generating a cavity milling track for machining the region.
The invention can automatically divide the flow passage space of the blisk, and the division result enables discrete points in each area to have a common cutter shaft vector feasible region, so that the same cutter shaft vector can be used for calculating the cutter rail, and each area can be processed by 3+2 shafts through a certain fixed posture, thereby reducing the vibration in the processing of the flow passage of the blade and improving the processing efficiency of the flow passage of the blade.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
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