CN109560875B - Fiber bragg grating coding device and method with temperature detection and compensation functions - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating coding device and method with temperature detection and compensation functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN109560875B CN109560875B CN201811619415.1A CN201811619415A CN109560875B CN 109560875 B CN109560875 B CN 109560875B CN 201811619415 A CN201811619415 A CN 201811619415A CN 109560875 B CN109560875 B CN 109560875B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating coding device and a fiber bragg grating coding method with temperature detection and compensation functions. The optical source transmitter transmits detection light pulse signals with different wavelengths, the fiber grating encoder receives the detection light pulse signals, generates and outputs coded pulse signals, the coded pulse signals reach a user end and are reflected, the reflected signals are input into the 1X 2 optical coupler after being combined by the fiber grating encoder, the 1X 2 optical coupler transmits part of energy of the reflected signals to the optical receiver, the rest energy is transmitted to the fiber grating demodulator, and the fiber grating demodulator measures the central wavelength and the external environment temperature of the reflected signals according to the received signals and transmits the central wavelength and the external environment temperature to the data processing module for temperature compensation. According to the invention, the temperature drift compensation of the fiber bragg grating is realized by measuring the temperature of the external environment, so that the misjudgment of the link state caused by the disturbance of the amplitude of the coded signal due to the deviation of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is reduced, and a powerful guarantee is provided for the healthy and accurate detection of the passive optical network link.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to an optical fiber grating coding device and method with temperature detection and compensation functions.
Background
The Passive Optical Network (PON) is composed of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), an Optical Distribution Network (ODN) and an Optical Network Unit (ONU), and an ODU between the OLT and the ONU does not contain any electronic device or electronic power source, and has the characteristics of high transmission capacity, transparent service, low cost, simple maintenance, high security, and the like, which has become a mainstream solution of an optical fiber access network. With the continuous development of PON technology, the emergence of services such as instant messaging, high-definition online video, big data, cloud computing, etc. has put forward a higher requirement on the reliability of an optical fiber link. Any optical fiber link failure in the PON tends to cause loss of user data, reduce user satisfaction, and even cause economic loss to customers. Therefore, PON link failure monitoring technology is receiving increasing attention. In order to solve the limitation of the conventional OTDR technology in the PON system of the point-to-multipoint access mode, research on PON link monitoring technology based on optical coding is gradually being conducted.
Fiber gratings are formed by changing the refractive index of the core region of the fiber to produce periodic modulation in the axial direction, which is essentially a passive filter (transmission) or reflector. The fiber grating has the characteristics of small volume, small loss, good coupling property, compatibility with other optical devices and the like, and is used for manufacturing various unique passive optical devices. In addition, the fiber grating is a sensitive device with excellent performance, and the temperature sensor based on the fiber grating technology has the characteristics of high sensitivity, corrosion resistance, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, high stability and the like. The existing manufacturing process of the fiber bragg grating is mature, the mass production is easy, the cost is low, the fiber bragg grating and devices based on the fiber bragg grating become ideal key devices in an all-optical network, and the fiber bragg grating and devices based on the fiber bragg grating are widely applied to the fields of fiber communication and optical sensing.
It should be noted that, due to the temperature sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating, in practical use, the outside temperature changes to cause a drift of the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating, and the typical variation of the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating with temperature is 0.01 nm/DEG C, and this drift will have an influence on the designed system. In the prior art, the central reflection wavelength of the fiber grating is regarded as a fixed value, the influence of the ambient temperature on the central wavelength of the fiber grating is ignored, and actually, the drift of the central wavelength of the fiber grating can cause the change of the amplitude of the coded signal, so that misjudgment is easy to occur when the link state is identified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of the background technology, the invention provides a fiber grating coding device and a fiber grating coding method with temperature detection and compensation functions, and the temperature drift compensation of the fiber grating is realized by measuring the temperature of the external environment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the optical fiber grating coding device with temperature detecting and compensating functions includes light source emitter, optical fiber grating coder, 1X 2 optical coupler, optical fiber grating demodulator, light receiver and data processing module, where the light source emitter emits detection light pulse signals generated by M+1 narrow-band light sources with different wavelengths, M is positive integer, the detection light pulse signals are sent into the optical fiber grating coder via a combining path, and the optical fiber grating coder includes 2 M The optical fiber grating encoder comprises a plurality of output ports, wherein the optical fiber grating on the path from the input port of the optical fiber grating encoder to any output port reflects a plurality of wavelength components of the detection light pulse signal, generates and outputs a coding pulse signal, the coding pulse signal reaches a user end and is reflected, the reflected signal is input into a 1X 2 optical coupler after being combined by the optical fiber grating encoder, the coupling coefficient ratio of two output ports of the 1X 2 optical coupler is a:b, and a>b, transmitting the signal output by the output port with the coupling coefficient of a of the 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler to the optical receiver, transmitting the signal output by the output port with the coupling coefficient of b to the fiber grating demodulator, and measuring the center wavelength of the reflected signal and the external environment temperature according to the received signal by the fiber grating demodulatorThe optical receiver converts the received reflected signals into electric signals and then transmits the electric signals to the data processing module, the fiber bragg grating demodulator transmits the measured center wavelength data to the data processing module, and the data processing module performs temperature compensation according to the received data.
Based on the preferable scheme of the technical scheme, the fiber bragg grating encoder is of an M-level cascade structure, wherein the ith-level structure comprises 2 i 1X 2 optical splitters and 2 i And one output end of a certain ith optical splitter is connected with the input end of a corresponding ith+1th optical splitter through a certain ith optical fiber grating, and the other output end of the ith optical splitter is directly connected with the input end of the corresponding ith+1th optical splitter, wherein i=0, 1,2, … and M-1.
Based on the preferable scheme of the technical scheme, the energy ratio of the output signals of the 1X 2 optical splitter is 50:50.
Based on the preferable scheme of the technical scheme, the coupling coefficient ratio of the two output ports of the 1×2 optical coupler is 90:10.
Based on the preferable scheme of the technical scheme, the data processing module is a PC.
The temperature detection and compensation method based on the fiber grating coding device comprises the following steps:
(1) Precisely measuring the central wavelength of the fiber grating in the fiber grating encoder by a spectrometer under a known constant temperature environment, and setting the environment temperature and the corresponding measured central wavelength as a reference temperature and a reference central wavelength;
(2) The method comprises the steps of controlling a light source emitter to emit a detection light pulse signal and sending the detection light pulse signal into a fiber bragg grating encoder to obtain an encoded pulse signal, sending partial energy of a reflected signal to a fiber bragg grating demodulator through a 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, and accurately measuring the center wavelength of the reflected signal by the fiber bragg grating demodulator according to the received signal;
(3) Acquiring the center wavelengths of at least two groups of reflected signals through the step (2), and combining the reference data acquired in the step (1) to acquire real-time external environment temperature;
(4) And the fiber bragg grating demodulator transmits the measured central wavelength data to the data processing module to realize temperature compensation.
The beneficial effects brought by adopting the technical scheme are that:
according to the photosensitive characteristics of the fiber bragg grating, the central wavelength of the reflected signal of the fiber bragg grating is measured by using the fiber bragg grating demodulator, so that the external environment temperature of the fiber bragg grating coding device is measured, the measured data is transmitted back to the data processing module, and the misjudgment of the state of the fiber link caused by the amplitude disturbance of the coded signal due to the external temperature change is reduced.
The invention is constructed based on the current mature device, integrates the coding and branching functions and is convenient for integrated manufacture. 2 is realized by adopting M+1 detection light pulse signals with different wavelengths and an M-level fiber bragg grating coding device M The number of the optical fiber gratings is small in the coding of each port, and the supported optical fiber link monitoring user capacity is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a fiber grating encoder in the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a system configuration diagram of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a fiber grating coding device with temperature detection and compensation functions, which comprises a light source emitter, a fiber grating coder, a 1X 2 optical coupler, a fiber grating demodulator and an optical receiver as shown in figure 1. Wherein the structure of the fiber grating encoder is shown in fig. 2.
In this embodiment, the energy ratio of the output signals of each 1×2 optical splitter in the fiber grating encoder is set to be 50:50. The coupling coefficient ratio of the two output ports of the 1×2 optical coupler is set to 90:10.
The temperature detection and compensation method based on the fiber grating coding device comprises the following steps:
step 1: and precisely measuring the center wavelength of the fiber grating in the fiber grating encoder by a spectrometer under a known constant temperature environment, and setting the environment temperature and the corresponding measured center wavelength as a reference temperature and a reference center wavelength.
Step 2: the method comprises the steps of controlling a light source emitter to emit a detection light pulse signal and sending the detection light pulse signal into a fiber bragg grating encoder to obtain an encoded pulse signal, sending partial energy of a reflected signal to a fiber bragg grating demodulator through a 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, and accurately measuring the center wavelength of the reflected signal by the fiber bragg grating demodulator according to the received signal;
step 3: acquiring the center wavelengths of at least two groups of reflected signals through the step 2, and acquiring real-time external environment temperature by combining the reference data acquired in the step 1;
step 4: and the fiber bragg grating demodulator transmits the measured central wavelength data to the data processing module to realize temperature compensation.
In this embodiment, the apparatus and method described above are used to design a 32-user link state monitoring system with temperature detection and compensation functions, and the system structure is shown in fig. 3. In the system, the fiber grating encoder comprises a 5-level structure, and totally comprises 31 1×2 optical splitters and 31 fiber gratings, wherein the fiber gratings can be divided into 5 groups according to the central wavelength. The detection light pulse signal contains 6 wavelengths with different frequency components, and the pulse signal is sent out by an adjustable light source in a light source transmitter at a specific pulse width and repetition frequency after being modulated internally and injected into an optical fiber main line. At the remote node, the detected wavelength signals are selectively reflected by the fiber grating encoder and the monitoring signals containing the unique wavelength combinations are distributed and dropped into the individual branch fiber links. Each monitoring signal is reflected by a reflectometer positioned at the front end of each user, the reflectometer can be a large-bandwidth fiber bragg grating with reflection bandwidth covering all monitoring signal wavelengths, and can separate the data signal and the monitoring signal and realize transparent transmission and separation of the two signals respectively. And the monitoring signals corresponding to the branch links are reflected by the user end respectively and then are combined by the fiber grating encoder at the far-end node, and the combined superimposed monitoring signals are divided into two parts by the 1X 2 optical coupler. 10% of the reflected signal is transmitted to a fiber grating demodulator. 90% of the reflected signals are transmitted to a wavelength division multiplexer and then divided into optical signals of 6 channels with different wavelengths, and the branched signals of the channels are converted into electric signals after photoelectric conversion. And finally, detecting the change condition of each pulse reflection peak in the corresponding wavelength combination, and judging by a link state identification algorithm to give the real-time state of each link. The central wavelength data measured by the fiber bragg grating demodulator is transmitted to the signal processing end, so that accurate data can be obtained.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A temperature detection and compensation method of a fiber grating coding device, the fiber grating coding device: the optical fiber grating encoder comprises a light source emitter, an optical fiber grating encoder, a 1X 2 optical coupler, an optical fiber grating demodulator, an optical receiver and a data processing module, wherein the light source emitter emits detection light pulse signals generated by M+1 narrow-band light sources with different wavelengths, M is a positive integer, the detection light pulse signals are sent into the optical fiber grating encoder through a combination way, and the optical fiber grating encoder comprises 2 parts M The optical fiber grating encoder comprises a plurality of output ports, wherein the optical fiber grating on the path from the input port of the optical fiber grating encoder to any output port reflects a plurality of wavelength components of the detection light pulse signal, generates and outputs a coding pulse signal, the coding pulse signal reaches a user end and is reflected, the reflected signal is input into a 1X 2 optical coupler after being combined by the optical fiber grating encoder, the coupling coefficient ratio of two output ports of the 1X 2 optical coupler is a:b, and a>b, transmitting the signal output by the output port with the coupling coefficient of a of the 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler to the optical receiver, transmitting the signal output by the output port with the coupling coefficient of b to the fiber grating demodulator, measuring the center wavelength and the external environment temperature of the reflected signal by the fiber grating demodulator according to the received signal, converting the received reflected signal into an electric signal by the optical receiver, transmitting the electric signal to the data processing module, transmitting the measured center wavelength data to the data processing module by the fiber grating demodulator, and performing temperature compensation by the data processing module according to the received dataCompensating; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Precisely measuring the central wavelength of the fiber grating in the fiber grating encoder by a spectrometer under a known constant temperature environment, and setting the environment temperature and the corresponding measured central wavelength as a reference temperature and a reference central wavelength;
(2) The method comprises the steps of controlling a light source emitter to emit a detection light pulse signal and sending the detection light pulse signal into a fiber bragg grating encoder to obtain an encoded pulse signal, sending part of energy of a reflected signal to a fiber bragg grating demodulator through a 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, sending the other part of energy to an optical receiver, and accurately measuring the center wavelength of the reflected signal by the fiber bragg grating demodulator according to the received signal;
(3) Acquiring the center wavelengths of at least two groups of reflected signals through the step (2), and combining the reference data acquired in the step (1) to acquire real-time external environment temperature;
(4) And the fiber bragg grating demodulator transmits the measured central wavelength data to the data processing module to realize temperature compensation.
2. The method for detecting and compensating the temperature of the fiber grating encoder according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating encoder is of an M-level cascade structure, wherein the ith-level structure comprises 2 i 1X 2 optical splitters and 2 i And one output end of a certain ith optical splitter is connected with the input end of a corresponding ith+1th optical splitter through a certain ith optical fiber grating, and the other output end of the ith optical splitter is directly connected with the input end of the corresponding ith+1th optical splitter, wherein i=0, 1,2, … and M-1.
3. The method for detecting and compensating the temperature of the fiber grating encoder of claim 2, wherein: the energy ratio of the output signals of the 1X 2 optical splitter is 50:50.
4. The method for detecting and compensating the temperature of the fiber grating encoder according to claim 1, wherein: the coupling coefficient ratio of the two output ports of the 1×2 optical coupler is 90:10.
5. The method for detecting and compensating the temperature of the fiber grating encoder according to claim 1, wherein: the data processing module is a PC.
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| CN115077574B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-20 | 横川机器人（深圳）有限公司 | Inductance type absolute value encoder based on environmental induction |
| CN115102623B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-08-16 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Dense optical fiber coding method based on optical frequency comb and optical fiber grating |
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