CN109556978B - Drop-out impact test equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses drop-out impact test equipment, which comprises: the device comprises a tower frame component, a lifting mechanism, a truss component, a guide rail group and a release component. The tower assembly is placed on the ground. The hoisting mechanism is mounted on the tower assembly. The truss assembly is connected to the hoisting mechanism and mounted into the tower assembly. The rail sets extend along the tower assembly and the truss assembly moves along the rail sets. The release subassembly is installed in the bottom of truss subassembly, and the impact head is connected to release subassembly, and release subassembly does not open, and the impact head locks with release subassembly mutually, and release subassembly opens, and the impact head separates with release subassembly, and the impact head is released, and the impact head falls and strikes the test sample piece. The test equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the falling process of the impact head has better stability, and the impact position is more accurate. The test equipment is provided with a plurality of turning plates as a safety protection mechanism, and can block when the impact head falls accidentally. The test equipment can lift the impact head to a sufficient height to simulate the effect of high-speed impact.

Description

Drop impact test equipment

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of automobile parts, and more specifically, to the field of testing equipment for automobile parts.

Background technique

Some safety parts in the automobile structure, such as the cross beams and longitudinal beam structures of the bumper, are used to protect the main body structure in the event of an impact. For example, in the event of a lower-intensity impact, the bumper structure needs to have sufficient strength to ensure the integrity of the vehicle body. In the event of a higher-intensity impact, the bumper structure needs to absorb the impact energy to ensure the safety of the main body.

In order to verify the mechanical properties of such safety parts, impact tests need to be conducted on safety parts. There are currently two ways to conduct impact testing:

One is the traditional vehicle collision test. In the vehicle collision test, a fixed impact object is set, the traction equipment provides power to pull the vehicle, and the vehicle moves along the track. Under the action of the traction equipment, the vehicle accelerates along the track. After accelerating to a predetermined speed, the vehicle separates from the traction equipment and relies on inertia to continue sliding along the track and hitting the impact object. After the impact is completed, the damage to the entire vehicle is evaluated to obtain the impact resistance of each component. Since the impact speed will reach more than 50km/h, the experimental vehicle will be scrapped after the impact. The obvious shortcoming of the traditional vehicle collision test is that the cost of the test is too high. Every experiment will scrap a car, and the cost of the experiment is very high. Therefore, vehicle collision experiments are usually conducted at the end of vehicle development, after the vehicle is basically finalized, in order to obtain vehicle collision parameters. In the early stages of vehicle development, when each component has not yet been finalized, it is not suitable to use the complete vehicle collision test. Moreover, the complete vehicle collision test is more about simulating the impact under actual use. The impact point is not certain, and it is not suitable for obtaining individual zero values. The impact parameters of the components are not very accurate and the efficiency is very low.

In order to conduct more independent and targeted impact tests on each component in the early stages of development, a drop impact test was also proposed. The basic principle of the drop impact test is to lift the impact head high, place the components to be tested under the impact head, and after releasing the impact head, the impact head will drop to impact the components in a free fall. The drop impact test can be conducted on a single component, and the test cost is low. However, the existing test equipment for drop impact tests also has several shortcomings. If the impact head is released in a completely free fall, the landing point of the impact head will be difficult to control, and in many cases it will not be able to hit the components below. In order to improve the drop stability of the impact head, parallel double guide rails are installed in the existing technology. The impact head first slides along the double guide rails for a certain distance, and then is released for free fall after the impact head accelerates to a certain speed. After being guided by the double guide rails, the drop stability of the impact head has been improved to a certain extent, and the impact accuracy has also been improved. However, the dual-track boot mode still has quite a few flaws:

The double guide rails arranged in parallel have good restraint ability in the plane where the guide rail is located, but it has no restraint ability in the direction perpendicular or inclined to the guide rail plane. Therefore, when the impact head is disturbed laterally or obliquely during the fall, it will still significantly affect the drop stability of the impact head, causing the impact point to deviate. In addition, the structure of the double guide rail is difficult to install safety components with sufficient strength. When the impact head accidentally falls off, it cannot provide sufficient protection, which can easily cause safety accidents and pose a major safety hazard.

The above-mentioned defects are more significant when the height of the drop impact test equipment increases. As the lifting height of the impact head increases, its drop stability and use safety are significantly reduced. Therefore, the height of the existing drop impact test equipment is usually too high. The design is relatively low. Due to the limited height, the speed of the impact head when falling is small and the impact energy is limited, making it impossible to simulate high-speed collisions.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to propose a drop-type impact test equipment that can perform high-speed impact experiments with higher accuracy and has higher safety.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a drop impact test equipment is proposed, including: a tower assembly, a lifting mechanism, a truss assembly, a guide rail group and a release assembly. The tower assembly is placed on the ground. The hoisting mechanism is mounted on the tower assembly. The truss assembly is connected to the hoisting mechanism and installed into the tower assembly. The rail set extends along the tower assembly and the truss assembly moves along the guide rail set. The release component is installed at the bottom of the truss component. The impact head is connected to the release component. The release component is not opened. The impact head is locked with the release component. The release component is opened. The impact head is separated from the release component. The impact head is released. The impact head falls and impacts. Test sample.

In one embodiment, the drop impact test equipment further includes a base, which is fixed on the ground, the tower assembly is installed on the base, and the test sample is also installed on the base.

In one embodiment, the base is a metal plate, and a damping and shock-absorbing device is installed at the bottom of the metal plate.

In one embodiment, the tower assembly includes: a bottom tower, a middle tower, and a top tower. The bottom tower is installed on the base, and has an auxiliary load-bearing mechanism on the bottom tower. The middle tower is installed on the bottom tower, and has a safety protection mechanism on the middle tower. The top tower is installed on the middle tower, the top tower has a lateral stabilizing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is installed on the top tower.

In one embodiment, the bottom tower includes: four bottom columns and two auxiliary beams. The bottoms of the four bottom columns are installed on the base, the tops of the four bottom columns are connected and fixed by cross beams, and the guide rails are arranged on each bottom column. Two auxiliary beams are located in two lateral planes formed by the bottom columns, and each auxiliary beam is connected between the two bottom columns. The auxiliary carrying mechanism is a flap, which is installed on the auxiliary beam and can rotate to a vertical open position or a horizontal closed position.

In one embodiment, the intermediate tower includes: four intermediate columns. The bottoms of the four middle columns are connected and fixed by the lower beams, the tops of the four middle columns are connected and fixed by the upper beams, and the guide rails are arranged on each middle column. The safety protection mechanism is a safety flap. The safety flap is installed on the lower beam. The safety flap can rotate to a vertical open position or a horizontal closed position. In the closed position of the safety flap, both ends of the safety flap extend beyond four The range formed by the middle column.

In one embodiment, the intermediate tower further includes a flap drive motor, the flap drive motor is connected to the safety flap, and the flap drive motor drives the safety flap to rotate between an open position or a closed position.

In one embodiment, the top tower includes: four top columns, a mounting beam, two release baffles, and transverse tie rods. The bottoms of the four top columns are connected and fixed by the lower beams, the tops of the four top columns are connected and fixed by the upper beams, and the guide rails are arranged on each top column. Mounting beams are installed between the upper beams, and the upper beams and mounting beams together form a top mounting platform for installing the lifting mechanism. The two release baffles are located in two lateral planes formed by the top column, and the position of the release baffles is higher than the position of the lower cross member. The lateral stabilizing mechanism is a lateral tie rod. One end of the lateral tie rod is installed on the upper beam, and the other end of the lateral tie rod is fixed on the vertical wall.

In one embodiment, the hoisting mechanism includes: a winch, a pulley assembly, a wire rope, and a distance meter. The winch is installed on the top mounting platform and is driven by a motor. The pulley assembly includes a horizontal pulley and a vertical pulley. The horizontal pulley is opposite to the rope outlet end of the winch, and the vertical pulley is installed in the middle of the top installation platform. One end of the wire rope is fixed on the winch, and the other end of the wire rope goes around the horizontal pulley and then around the vertical pulley, turns downward, and is connected to the truss assembly. A range finder is mounted on the top mounting platform and the range finder measures the height of the truss assembly.

In one embodiment, the truss assembly includes: a guide truss and an impact truss. The guide truss is located above the impact truss. The guide truss and the impact truss are connected through an electromagnet and a locking device.

In one embodiment, electromagnets are installed on the guide truss, and locking holes are provided on both sides of the guide truss. There is a suction cup on the impact truss. The position of the suction cup corresponds to the position of the electromagnet. There are push rods on both sides of the impact truss. The electromagnet is turned on, the electromagnet attracts the suction cup, the guide truss and the impact truss are attracted together, and the push rod is pushed into the locking hole to lock the guide truss and the impact truss. The push rod exits the locking hole, the electromagnet is closed, and the guide truss and impact truss are separated.

In one embodiment, slide blocks are respectively installed on the four corners of the guide truss and the impact truss. The slide blocks cooperate with the guide rail set on the tower assembly. The slide blocks move along the guide rail set. The slide blocks have a buffer cushion layer.

In one embodiment, the rail set includes four rails extending from the bottom of the tower assembly to the top of the tower assembly.

In one embodiment, the release assembly includes: a locking device, a pulley block and a wire rope, a pendulum, and a release contact plate. The locking device is installed on the truss assembly, the locking device is connected to the impact head, the release assembly is not opened, the locking device locks the impact head, the release assembly is opened, and the locking device unlocks and releases the impact head. The pulley block is fixed on the truss assembly, and the wire rope is passed around the pulley block and connected between the locking device and the pendulum. The pendulum is rotationally mounted on a bracket, which is fixed to the truss assembly. One end of the pendulum is connected to the wire rope, and the other end of the pendulum is connected to the release contact plate. Release touch plates are located at each end of the release assembly, and the release touch plates mate with the top tower.

In one embodiment, the locking device includes: a frame, a lock tongue and a self-locking mechanism. The frame consists of two end panels and two side panels. The lock tongue is installed on the side plate, and the front end of the lock tongue passes through the side plate and enters the inside of the frame. The front end of the lock tongue locks the impact head, and the rear end of the lock tongue is connected to the wire rope. The self-locking mechanism includes a self-locking groove, a self-locking piece and a self-locking spring. The self-locking spring is connected between the lock tongue and the self-locking piece. The pendulum rotates and pulls the lock tongue through the wire rope. The lock tongue moves and the impact head is unlocked and released. The lock tongue pulls the self-locking piece through the self-locking spring. The self-locking piece slides into the self-locking groove to prevent the lock tongue from resetting.

In one embodiment, the self-locking groove abuts the locking bolt. The self-locking piece is an angle iron. The tail of the angle iron is connected to the lock tongue through a self-locking spring, and the head of the angle iron rests on the side plate. The lock tongue moves, and the tail of the angle iron is pulled by the self-locking spring. The angle iron rotates, and the head of the angle iron slides into the self-locking groove to resist the lock tongue and prevent the lock tongue from resetting.

The drop impact test equipment of the present invention adopts four-rail guidance for the impact head, so that the impact head has better stability during the falling process and the impact position is more accurate. The test equipment is equipped with multiple flaps as safety protection mechanisms, which can block the impact head when it accidentally falls, greatly improving safety performance. The test equipment is formed by stacking multiple layers of towers, which can lift the impact head to a sufficient height to simulate the effect of high-speed impact.

Description of the drawings

The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like features throughout, in which:

Figure 1 reveals a structural diagram of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 reveals an enlarged top structural view of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 reveals a structural diagram of a truss assembly in a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 reveals a structural diagram of the guide truss in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 reveals a structural diagram of the impact truss in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 reveals a structural diagram of the release assembly in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 reveals a top structural view of the locking device in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 reveals a structural diagram of the self-locking mechanism in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 reveals a structural diagram of an impact head in a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 reveals a structural diagram of a shock absorbing device installed on the base of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 reveals a schematic diagram of an impact head impact test sample of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 1 reveals a structural diagram of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the drop impact test equipment includes: base 101, bottom tower 102, middle tower 103, top tower 104, lifting mechanism, truss assembly 108, guide rail group and release assembly 109.

The drop impact test equipment is usually placed indoors for testing, with the base 101 fixed on the ground. The test sample 113 is installed on the base 101. In one embodiment, the base 101 is a metal plate, such as an iron plate. The bottom of the metal plate is equipped with a damping and shock-absorbing device. The shock-absorbing and damping device can absorb the impact force when the impact head impacts the test sample and reduce the impact and damage to the ground. Figure 10 reveals a structural diagram of a shock absorbing device installed on the base of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Several damping and shock absorbing devices as shown in Figure 10 can be installed in the base.

The bottom tower 102, the middle tower 103 and the top tower 104 are stacked and connected in sequence to form a tower assembly. By using multiple towers to superimpose and connect, a higher height can be obtained, so that the impact head can be raised to a higher position to obtain greater impact speed to simulate high-speed collision situations.

The bottom tower 102 is installed on the base 101, and has an auxiliary bearing mechanism on the bottom tower 102. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom tower includes four bottom columns and two auxiliary beams. The bottoms of the four bottom columns are installed on the base 101. In order to make the bottom columns more stable, an oblique support plate is added at the connection position between the bottom columns and the base 101, so that the support area of the bottom columns is larger and more stable. The tops of the four bottom columns are connected and fixed by cross beams. Through the connection of cross beams, the cross-section of the four bottom columns forms a rectangle. A guide rail is arranged on the inner corner of each bottom column, and a total of four guide rails are arranged on the four bottom columns. Two auxiliary beams 114 are located in two lateral planes formed by the bottom columns, and each auxiliary beam 114 is connected between two bottom columns. The auxiliary carrying mechanism is a flip plate 112, which is installed on the auxiliary cross beam 114. The flap 112 can rotate to a vertical open position or a horizontal closed position. It should be noted that the flap 112 rotates to the closed position mainly to provide a temporary load-bearing function. Since the flap 112 cannot cover the entire frame area, it is not used as a safety protection component. During the impact test, the flap 112 is rotated to the vertical open position, which does not interfere with the fall of the impact head.

The middle tower 103 is installed on the bottom tower 102, and has a safety protection mechanism on the middle tower 103. In the illustrated embodiment, the middle tower 103 includes four middle columns, the bottoms of the four middle columns are connected and fixed by lower beams, and the tops of the four middle columns are connected and fixed by upper beams. Through the connection of cross beams, the cross-sections of the four middle columns form a rectangle. Each middle column is connected to a bottom column, and the size, shape and position of the middle column correspond exactly to the corresponding bottom column. A guide rail is arranged on the inner corner of each middle column, and a total of four guide rails are arranged on the four middle columns. The guide rail on the middle column and the guide rail on the bottom column want to be connected to form a continuous guide rail. The safety protection mechanism is a safety flap 111, which is installed on the lower beam. The safety flap 111 can rotate to a vertical open position or a horizontal closed position. In the closed position of the safety flap 111, both ends of the safety flap extend beyond the range formed by the four middle columns. When the safety flap 111 rotates to the closed position, it will provide both load-bearing and safety protection functions. Due to the large volume of the safety flap 111, after it is flipped to the closed position, the safety flap will cover the entire frame area. As described above, the two ends of the safety flap extend beyond the range formed by the four middle columns. Since it covers the entire frame area, the safety flap 111 can play a safety protection role. If the impact head, truss components, etc. located above accidentally fall, the safety flap 111 can block them to prevent these components from falling to the test area below and damaging the samples or workers therein. Since the safety flap 111 is large, it is driven by electric power. In one embodiment, the intermediate tower further includes a flip drive motor (not shown in the figure), the flip drive motor is connected to the safety flip, and the flip drive motor drives the safety flip to rotate between the open position or the closed position. . In the illustrated embodiment, a support pin 116 is also provided on the middle column, and the position of the support pin 116 corresponds to the height of the safety flap 111 when it rotates to the open position. When the safety flap 111 rotates to the vertical open position, the safety flap is close to the middle column, and the support pin 116 supports and fixes the safety flap 111 .

The top tower 104 is installed on the middle tower 103, and has a transverse stabilizing mechanism on the top tower 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the top tower includes four top columns and two release baffles 115 . The bottoms of the four top columns are connected and fixed by the lower beams, and the tops of the four top columns are connected and fixed by the upper beams. The cross-sections of the four top columns form a rectangular shape through the connection of cross beams. Each top column is connected to a middle column, and the size, shape and position of the top column correspond exactly to the corresponding middle column. A guide rail is arranged on the inner corner of each top column, and a total of four guide rails are arranged on the four top columns. The guide rail on the top column and the guide rail on the middle column want to be connected to form a continuous guide rail. In this way, the guide rails on the bottom column, the middle column and the top column are connected to each other to form a continuous guide rail extending from the bottom column to the top column. Referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 reveals an enlarged top structural view of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mounting beams are installed between the upper beams, and the upper beams and mounting beams together form a top mounting platform for installing the lifting mechanism. The two release baffles 115 are located in the two lateral planes formed by the top pillar, and the position of the release baffles 115 is higher than the position of the lower cross member. The transverse stabilizing mechanism is a transverse tie rod 107. One end of the transverse tie rod 107 is installed on the upper beam, and the other end of the transverse tie rod is fixed on the vertical wall. As mentioned before, the drop impact test equipment is usually placed indoors for testing. The drop impact test equipment is placed close to the wall, and the other end of the horizontal tie rod can be connected to the vertical wall. The lateral tie rod 107 will provide lateral pulling force to ensure the lateral stability of the drop impact test equipment.

The lifting mechanism is installed on the top tower 104. More specifically, the hoisting mechanism is installed on the top mounting platform of the top tower 104 . Referring to Figure 2, the lifting mechanism includes: a hoist 106, a pulley assembly, a wire rope and a distance meter. The hoist 106 is installed on the top mounting platform, and the hoist is driven by a motor. The pulley assembly includes a horizontal pulley 161 and a vertical pulley 162. The horizontal pulley 161 is opposite to the rope outlet end of the hoist 106, and is located at one end of the top tower. The vertical pulley 162 is installed in the middle of the top mounting platform and is mounted on the mounting beam. One end of the wire rope 163 is fixed on the hoist 106, and the other end of the wire rope goes around the horizontal pulley and then around the vertical pulley, turns downward, and is connected to the truss assembly. The winch lifts the truss components through wire ropes. A range finder 105 is installed on the top mounting platform, and the range finder 105 measures the height of the truss assembly. In one embodiment, rangefinder 105 utilizes a laser rangefinder.

The truss assembly 108 is raised along the bottom and middle towers, connected to the hoisting mechanism, and installed into the top tower. Figures 3, 4 and 5 reveal the mechanism of the truss assembly. Figure 3 shows a structural diagram of the truss assembly in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 shows a structural diagram of the guide truss; and Figure 5 shows a structural diagram of the impact truss. Referring to Figure 3, the truss assembly 108 includes a guide truss 181 and an impact truss 182. The guide truss 181 is located above the impact truss 182. The guide truss 181 and the impact truss 182 are connected through an electromagnet and a locking device. Referring to FIG. 4 , an electromagnet 183 is installed on the guide truss 181 , and locking holes 184 are provided on both sides of the guide truss 181 . Referring to FIG. 5 , the impact truss 182 is provided with a suction cup 185 , and the position of the suction cup 185 corresponds to the position of the electromagnet 183 . There are push rods 186 on both sides of the impact truss 182, and the positions of the push rods 186 correspond to the positions of the locking holes 184. The guide truss 181 is connected to the steel wire rope, and the winch lifts the guide truss through the steel wire rope. Except for the test process of releasing the impact head, the guide truss 181 and the impact truss 182 remain engaged. The electromagnet is turned on, the electromagnet attracts the suction cup, the guide truss and the impact truss are attracted together, and the push rod is pushed into the locking hole to lock the guide truss and the impact truss. Except for the test procedure of releasing the impact head, the push rod should always be in the locking hole to lock the guide truss and impact truss. The electromagnet should also remain on to ensure that the guide truss and impact truss are engaged. When it is necessary to release the impact head, the push rod exits the locking hole, the electromagnet is closed, and the guide truss and impact truss are separated. The impact truss will carry the impact head and slide down a certain distance along the guide rail to guide the direction of the impact head, and then separate from the impact head, and the impact head will move freely. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, slide blocks are respectively installed on the four corners of the guide truss 181 and the impact truss 182. One slide block 187 is installed at each of the four corners of the guide truss 181 , and two slide blocks 188 are installed at the four corners of the impact truss 182 . The slide block cooperates with the guide rails installed on the bottom tower, the middle tower and the top tower, and the slide block moves along the track to guide the movement direction of the impact truss and impact head. In one embodiment, the slider has a cushioning layer, such as a Teflon cushioning layer.

The guide rail group includes four guide rails. As described above, the four guide rails are formed by the guide rails formed on the bottom column, the middle column and the top column respectively, and become a continuous line extending from the bottom tower through the middle tower to the top tower. guide. For a tower assembly formed by the connection of a bottom tower, a middle tower and a top tower chassis, the four rails of the rail set extend from the bottom of the tower assembly to the top of the tower assembly. The truss assembly moves along the guide rail group, and the guide truss and the sliding block of the impact truss in the truss assembly cooperate with the guide rails respectively, so that the truss assembly moves directionally along the guide rails.

The release assembly 109 is mounted on the bottom of the truss assembly, more specifically, the release assembly 109 is mounted on the bottom of the impact truss. The impact head 110 is connected to the release assembly 109, the release assembly is not opened, and the impact head is locked with the release assembly. The release component is opened, the impact head is separated from the release component, the impact head is released, the impact head falls and impacts the test sample. Figure 6 reveals a structural diagram of the release assembly in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. The release assembly 109 includes: a locking device 191, a pulley block and a wire rope, a pendulum 193 and a release contact plate 194. The locking device 191 is mounted on the truss assembly, more specifically on the bottom of the impact truss. The locking device 191 is connected to the impact head 110 , the release assembly is not opened, the locking device 191 locks the impact head 110 , the release assembly is opened, and the locking device 191 unlocks and releases the impact head 110 . The pulley 190 of the pulley block is fixed on the impact truss in the truss assembly through the bracket 192. The steel wire rope goes around the pulley 190 of the pulley block, and the steel wire rope is connected between the locking device 191 and the pendulum 193. The pendulum 193 is mounted on the bracket 192 for rotation. The bracket 192 of the fixed pendulum and the fixed pulley is fixed on the impact truss of the truss assembly. One end of the pendulum 193 is connected to the wire rope, and the other end of the pendulum 193 is connected to the release contact plate 194. Release touch plates 194 are located at both ends of the release assembly. The release touch plates 194 cooperate with the top tower. More specifically, the release touch plates 194 cooperate with the release baffle 115 in the top tower.

Figure 7 reveals a top structural view of the locking device in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. The locking device includes: frame 195, lock tongue 196 and self-locking mechanism. The frame 195 is composed of two end plates and two side plates. The locking tongue 196 is installed on the side plate of the frame through the spring 196b. The front end of the locking tongue 196 passes through the side plate and enters the inside of the frame. Under the action of the spring 196b, the front end of the locking tongue 196 locks the impact head 110. The rear end is connected to the wire rope. Figure 9 reveals a structural diagram of an impact head in a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figure 9, the top of the impact head 110 has a connecting part 110a, and the connecting part 110a has a groove 110b. Grooves 110b are located on both sides of the connecting component 110a. The locking tongue 196 cooperates with the groove 110b. Under the action of the spring 196b, the front end of the locking tongue 196 is inserted into the groove 110b to lock the impact head. The wire rope pulls the lock tongue back, the lock tongue 196 exits the groove 110b, and the impact head 110 is unlocked. The self-locking mechanism includes a self-locking groove 197, a self-locking piece 198 and a self-locking spring 199. The self-locking spring 199 is connected between the lock tongue 196 and the self-locking piece 198. After the release contact plate 194 swings, it pulls the pendulum to rotate, and the pendulum pulls the lock tongue 196 through the wire rope. The lock tongue moves and the impact head 110 is unlocked and released. The lock tongue 196 pulls the self-locking piece 198 through the self-locking spring 199, and the self-locking piece 198 is drawn into the self-locking groove 197 to prevent the lock tongue from resetting. Figure 8 reveals a structural diagram of the self-locking mechanism in the drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8 , the self-locking groove 197 is close to the lock tongue 196 . In the illustrated embodiment, the self-locking groove 197 is close to the top of the lock tongue 196 . The self-locking piece 198 is an angle iron. The tail of the angle iron is connected to the lock tongue 196 through a self-locking spring 199. The head of the angle iron 199 rests on the side plate of the frame. When the lock tongue 196 locks the impact head 110, the head of the angle iron 198 does not enter the self-locking groove 197, and the angle iron is in an inclined state. When the lock tongue 196 moves, the tail of the angle iron 198 is pulled by the self-locking spring 199, and the angle iron 198 rotates. At this time, the head of the angle iron 198 slides into the self-locking groove 197, and the angle iron is in a horizontal state, and the angle iron resists the lock. Tongue 196 prevents the locking bolt from resetting. This achieves self-locking after the lock tongue is unlocked.

The working process of the drop impact test equipment of the present invention is as follows:

1. When no test is conducted:

The truss components and impact head are placed on the base, and there are no lifted parts in the entire test equipment, so there is no safety risk.

2. Impact head installation steps:

When impact testing is required, install the impact head first. The installation process of the impact head includes: opening the electromagnet between the guide frame and the impact frame, and closing the guide frame and the impact frame. The push rod is pushed into the locking hole to lock the guide truss and the impact truss. The winch works to lift the truss assembly to the position of the auxiliary load-bearing mechanism. The flap as an auxiliary load-bearing mechanism is flipped to the closed position to temporarily load the truss components. After placing the truss assembly on the flip plate, the electromagnet can be turned off to avoid overheating of the electromagnet during long-term operation. At this time, the push rod and the locking hole are still locked, so the guide truss and the impact truss are still connected. The height of the auxiliary load-bearing mechanism is just suitable for installing the impact head, and the impact head is installed on the release assembly, that is, the impact head is locked on the locking device with the locking tongue.

3. Test sample installation steps:

After the impact head is installed, the electromagnet is turned on again, and the guide frame and impact frame are attracted. The winch works to lift the truss assembly to the position of the safety protection mechanism. The safety flap as a safety protection mechanism is flipped to the closed position to temporarily carry the truss components. After placing the truss assembly on the safety flap, the electromagnet can be turned off to avoid overheating of the electromagnet during long-term operation. At this time, the push rod and the locking hole are still locked, so the guide truss and the impact truss are still connected. Return the flap of the auxiliary load-bearing mechanism to the open position to clear the working space below. The staff entered the work space below to install the test samples. At this time, the area within the tower frame is covered by safety flaps, so any accidental falling of components above will be blocked by the safety flaps to ensure the safety of workers below. After the test sample is installed, a buffer device needs to be installed at a suitable position on the tower assembly. The function of the buffer device is to bear the impact of the truss. After the impact truss is separated from the impact head, the impact head falls in a free fall and impacts the test specimen. However, the impact truss needs to be blocked, and the impact truss must be placed and dropped to the bottom to impact the test specimen. The buffer device is used to buffer and absorb the impact of falling trusses. In one embodiment, the cushioning device is a hydraulic cushioning device. The installation position of the buffer device is usually on the bottom tower. For example, the buffer device can be installed on the auxiliary beam 114 of the bottom tower.

4. Test impact preparation steps:

After the test sample frame is installed, the electromagnet is turned on again, and the guide truss and the impact truss are attracted. The winch works to lift the truss assembly to the predetermined height for the impact test. The distance meter measures whether the height of the truss assembly reaches a predetermined height. After the truss assembly is lifted into place, the safety flap as a safety protection mechanism is flipped to the open position to clear the passage for descent. After the preparation is completed, push the push rod out of the locking hole, and the guide truss and the impact truss are only attracted by the electromagnet, ready for release.

5. Impact test process:

When the impact test starts, the electromagnet loses power and the guide truss and impact truss separate. The impact gantry carries the release assembly and impact head and descends under the action of gravity. Due to the action of the slide block and the guide rail, the impact truss descends vertically under the guidance of the guide rail to guide the impact head. During the descent process, when the release touch plate in the release assembly contacts the release baffle on the top tower, the release touch plate rotates open under the action of the release baffle, driving the pendulum to rotate. The rotation of the pendulum pulls the wire rope, causing the lock tongue to retreat and unlock, and the impact head is released. At this time, the impact head is not subject to any restrictions and continues to fall in a free fall. The lock tongue will not reset and interfere with the impact head under the action of the self-locking device. The impact truss is buffered and received by a buffer device. As described above, the buffer device may be a hydraulic buffer device, mounted on the auxiliary beam 114 of the bottom tower. This way the impact truss will not fall below and contact the test specimen. After that, the impact head continues to fall in a free fall until it hits the test sample frame to complete the drop impact test. Figure 11 reveals a schematic diagram of an impact head impact test sample of a drop impact test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 reveals the state in which the impact head 110 impacts the test sample frame 113. In the illustrated embodiment, the test sample frame 113 is the anti-collision beam and longitudinal beam of the bumper.

The drop impact test equipment of the present invention adopts four-rail guidance for the impact head, so that the impact head has better stability during the falling process and the impact position is more accurate. The test equipment is equipped with multiple flaps as safety protection mechanisms, which can block the impact head when it accidentally falls, greatly improving safety performance. The test equipment is formed by stacking multiple layers of towers, which can lift the impact head to a sufficient height to simulate the effect of high-speed impact.

The above embodiments are provided for those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Those familiar with the art can make various modifications or changes to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection is not limited by the above embodiments, but should be the maximum scope consistent with the innovative features mentioned in the claims.

Claims (14)

1. A drop-out impact testing apparatus, comprising:

a tower assembly placed on the ground;

the lifting mechanism is arranged on the tower frame component;

a truss assembly coupled to a hoisting mechanism and mounted into a tower assembly, the truss assembly comprising: the guide truss is positioned above the impact truss, and the guide truss is connected with the impact truss through an electromagnet and a locking device;

the guide rail group extends along the tower assembly, and the truss assembly moves along the guide rail group;

the release assembly is arranged at the bottom of the truss assembly, the impact head is connected to the release assembly, the release assembly is not opened, the impact head is locked with the release assembly, the release assembly is opened, the impact head is separated from the release assembly, the impact head is released, and the impact head falls down and impacts the test sample;

the tower assembly includes:

the bottom tower is arranged on the base and is provided with an auxiliary bearing mechanism;

the middle tower is arranged on the bottom tower and is provided with a safety protection mechanism;

the top tower is arranged on the middle tower, a transverse stabilizing mechanism is arranged on the top tower, and the lifting mechanism is arranged on the top tower;

the intermediate tower includes:

the bottoms of the four middle upright posts are fixedly connected through a lower cross beam, the tops of the four middle upright posts are fixedly connected through an upper cross beam, and the guide rail is arranged on each middle upright post;

the safety protection mechanism is a safety turning plate, the safety turning plate is arranged on the lower cross beam, the safety turning plate can rotate to a vertical opening position or a horizontal closing position, and in the closing position of the safety turning plate, temporary bearing of the truss assembly is provided, the safety protection function is achieved, and the impact head or the truss assembly above is blocked from falling accidentally.

2. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

the base is fixed on the ground, the tower assembly is installed on the base, and the test sample piece is also installed on the base.

3. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the base is a metal plate, and the bottom of the metal plate is provided with a damping device.

4. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bottom tower comprises:

four bottom upright posts, the bottoms of which are arranged on the base, the tops of which are fixedly connected through a cross beam, and a guide rail is arranged on each bottom upright post;

the two auxiliary cross beams are positioned in two lateral planes formed by the bottom upright posts, and each auxiliary cross beam is connected between the two bottom upright posts;

the auxiliary bearing mechanism is a turning plate, the turning plate is arranged on the auxiliary cross beam, and the turning plate can rotate to a vertical opening position or a horizontal closing position.

5. The drop impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein in the closed position of the safety flap, both ends of the safety flap extend beyond the extent defined by the four intermediate posts.

6. The drop impact testing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the intermediate tower further comprises a flap drive motor coupled to the safety flap, the flap drive motor driving the safety flap to rotate between the open position or the closed position.

7. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top tower comprises:

the bottoms of the four top upright posts are fixedly connected through a lower cross beam, the tops of the four top upright posts are fixedly connected through an upper cross beam, and a guide rail is arranged on each top upright post;

an installation beam is arranged between the upper cross beams, and the upper cross beams and the installation beam form a top installation platform together to install a lifting mechanism;

the two release baffles are positioned in two lateral planes formed by the top upright post, and the positions of the release baffles are higher than the positions of the lower cross beam;

the transverse stabilizing mechanism is a transverse pull rod, one end of the transverse pull rod is arranged on the upper cross beam, and the other end of the transverse pull rod is fixed on the vertical wall surface.

8. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises:

the winch is arranged on the top mounting platform and driven by a motor;

the pulley assembly comprises a horizontal pulley and a vertical pulley, the horizontal pulley is opposite to the rope outlet end of the winch, and the vertical pulley is arranged in the middle of the top mounting platform;

one end of the steel wire rope is fixed on the winch, and the other end of the steel wire rope bypasses the horizontal pulley, then bypasses the vertical pulley to turn downwards and is connected to the truss assembly;

the range finder is installed on the top mounting platform, and the range finder measures the height of truss subassembly.

9. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein,

the guide truss is provided with an electromagnet, and locking holes are formed in two sides of the guide truss;

the impact truss is provided with a sucker, the position of the sucker corresponds to the position of the electromagnet, and push rods are arranged on two sides of the impact truss;

the electromagnet is started, the electromagnet adsorbs the sucker, the guide truss and the impact truss are attracted, and the push rod is pushed into the locking hole to lock the guide truss and the impact truss;

the push rod exits the locking hole, the electromagnet is closed, and the guide truss is separated from the impact truss.

10. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the guide truss and the impact truss each have a slider mounted at each of four corners thereof, the slider being engaged with a set of rails on the tower assembly, the slider moving along the set of rails, the slider having a cushion layer thereon.

11. The drop impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rail set includes four rails extending from a bottom of the tower assembly to a top of the tower assembly.

12. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the release assembly comprises:

the locking device is arranged on the truss assembly, the locking device is connected to the impact head, the release assembly is not opened, the locking device locks the impact head, the release assembly is opened, and the locking device unlocks the impact head;

the pulley block and the steel wire rope are fixed on the truss assembly, and the steel wire rope bypasses the pulley block and is connected between the locking device and the pendulum bob;

the pendulum bob is rotatably arranged on the support, the support is fixed on the truss assembly, one end of the pendulum bob is connected to the steel wire rope, and the other end of the pendulum bob is connected to the release touch plate;

and the release touch plates are positioned at two ends of the release assembly and are matched with the top tower.

13. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the locking device comprises:

the frame consists of two end plates and two side plates;

the front end of the lock tongue penetrates through the side plate and enters the frame, the front end of the lock tongue locks the impact head, and the rear end of the lock tongue is connected to the steel wire rope;

the self-locking mechanism comprises a self-locking groove, a self-locking plate and a self-locking spring, and the self-locking spring is connected between the lock tongue and the self-locking plate;

the pendulum bob rotates, the lock tongue is pulled by the steel wire rope, the lock tongue moves, the impact head is unlocked and released, the lock tongue pulls the self-locking piece by the self-locking spring, and the self-locking piece slides into the self-locking groove to prevent the lock tongue from resetting.

14. The drop-out impact testing apparatus of claim 13, wherein,

the self-locking groove is tightly attached to the lock tongue;

the self-locking piece is an angle iron, the tail part of the angle iron is connected to the lock tongue through a self-locking spring, and the head part of the angle iron is leaned against the side plate;

the lock tongue moves, the tail of the angle iron is pulled by the self-locking spring, the angle iron rotates, and the head of the angle iron slides into the self-locking groove to prop against the lock tongue, so that the lock tongue is prevented from resetting.