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CN109546860B - Half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing - Google Patents

Half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109546860B
CN109546860B CN201811292961.9A CN201811292961A CN109546860B CN 109546860 B CN109546860 B CN 109546860B CN 201811292961 A CN201811292961 A CN 201811292961A CN 109546860 B CN109546860 B CN 109546860B
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bridge
capacitor
full
direct current
winding
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CN109546860A (en
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赵雷
范衠
施羿
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Shantou University
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Shantou University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing, which comprises a direct current power supply, an inverter bridge arm, an isolation transformer, a blocking capacitor, a rectifying circuit and a filter circuit, wherein an auxiliary transformer and a voltage-dividing capacitor are introduced on the basis of a full-bridge structure consisting of the direct current power supply, the inverter bridge arm, the isolation transformer, the blocking capacitor and the rectifying circuit. The direct current converter has the characteristics of wide zero-voltage switching range, no circulating current loss, small current ripple and the like, and is simple in circuit structure and high in conversion efficiency.

Description

Half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing.
Background
In power electronic equipment, a dc converter is used to convert a dc signal into another dc quantity of fixed or adjustable voltage, and research on the dc converter is also widely focused by power electronic technology practitioners at home and abroad. The direct current converter can be divided into three topologies, namely a single-tube topology, a double-tube topology and a full-bridge topology according to the number of switching tubes contained in the direct current converter. Generally speaking, the power level of a dc converter is proportional to the number of switching tubes, a full-bridge converter composed of four switching tubes has the highest power level, when a phase-shift control mode is adopted, the switching tubes can realize soft switching, the switching frequency is fixed, and the dc converter is widely applied to medium and high power occasions.
Although the structure of the direct current converters in different forms has great difference, the structure can be divided into three parts: the first is chopping, and the switching controllability of a power electronic device is utilized to chop input direct current to obtain a signal containing high-frequency alternating current components; secondly, rectifying, namely setting the alternating current part to obtain a signal containing a direct current component and a high-frequency alternating current component; and thirdly, filtering high-frequency alternating current components in the signals, and realizing stable direct current output. Although the topology of the direct current converters in different forms has great difference, the constituent units of the direct current converters generally have certain regularity. The characteristic enables multiplexing of components between different topologies, and further improves the operating characteristics of the conversion system.
In practical application, the conventional phase-shifted full-bridge converter mainly has the following problems: the voltage of the rectifier diode is oscillated, the soft switching range of a lag bridge arm is narrow, and the primary side has circulation loss and duty ratio loss. The full-bridge converter comprises four switching tubes and two half-bridge arms, and based on the idea of component multiplexing, one of the arms can be used for forming a half-bridge topology to realize the multiplexing of the switching tubes. The secondary sides of the half-bridge and the full-bridge topology can adopt different topology forms to combine to realize the performance improvement of the traditional phase-shifted full-bridge converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a half-bridge-full-bridge combined dc converter based on component multiplexing. The zero-voltage switching range of the switching tube can be widened, the circulation loss is eliminated, the output ripple is reduced, and the conversion efficiency of the converter is improved.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a half-bridge to full-bridge combined dc converter based on component multiplexing, including first to fourth switching tubes, first to third capacitors, first and second isolation transformers, first to fourth rectifying diodes, and a dc power supply;
the first to fourth switching tubes form a full-bridge circuit, are connected with the positive and negative output ends of the direct-current power supply in parallel in the forward direction, and are connected with the positive and negative output ends of the direct-current power supply in parallel after being connected in series;
the first isolation transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, one end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the first switching tube and the third switching tube, the other end of the primary winding is connected with one end of the third capacitor, one end of the secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the first rectifier diode and the anode of the third rectifier diode, the other end of the secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the second rectifier diode and the anode of the fourth rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the connection point of the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube;
the second isolation transformer comprises a primary winding and two secondary windings, one end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, the other end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, one end of one secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the third rectifying diode, one end of the other secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the fourth rectifying diode, and the other ends of the two secondary windings are directly connected.
The other end of the two secondary windings of the second isolation transformer is connected with one end of the filter inductor, the other end of the filter inductor is connected with one end of the fourth capacitor to serve as a positive end of output voltage, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with anodes of the first rectifying diode and the second rectifying diode to serve as a negative end of the output voltage.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the phase-shifting control mode of the converter is the same as that of a conventional full-bridge converter, an auxiliary transformer and a voltage-dividing capacitor are introduced by multiplexing a lagging bridge arm of the full-bridge converter, a half-bridge topological structure is constructed, the half-bridge topology operates under the working condition of full duty ratio, the continuity of power transmission of the primary side and the secondary side is guaranteed, the primary side circulating current loss can be eliminated, the output ripple wave is reduced, meanwhile, the soft switching range of a lagging switching tube can be widened by increasing the exciting current of the auxiliary transformer, and the exciting current only flows through the lagging bridge arm without causing excessive conduction loss.
On the secondary side of the converter, a bridge rectification structure is adopted in a full-bridge topology, a full-wave rectification structure is adopted in an introduced half-bridge topology, the two rectifiers are combined in series, and a group of rectifier diodes and an output filter are multiplexed, so that the number of additional components is reduced, and the power density of the converter is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit configuration of the present invention;
wherein: vinIs a DC power supply, Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4Respectively a first to a fourth switching tube, C1、C2、Cb、CoAre respectively a first to a fourth capacitor,T1、T2Respectively a first and a second isolation transformer, np、mpPrimary windings of first and second isolation transformers, nsIs the secondary winding of the first isolation transformer, ms1、ms2Secondary windings, D, of a second isolating transformer, respectively1、D2、D3、D4Are respectively a first to a fourth rectifier diode, LoIs a filter inductor and R is a load resistor.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the principal operating waveforms of FIG. 2 provided by the present invention;
FIGS. 4-10 are equivalent circuit diagrams of FIG. 2 in different modes according to the present invention.
The essential physical quantities in the above figures are: d is the duty cycle, TsIs a switching cycle with a load current of IoN is T1、T2Ratio of turns of secondary side to primary side of transformer, LklIs T1Is less than the leakage inductance ofk2Is T2Is less than the leakage inductance ofmIs T2Excitation inductance of, C1And C2Equivalent to a constant voltage source of 0.5VinThe filter inductor is equivalent to a constant current source Io
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The circuit connection schematic diagram of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing comprises a first switch tube (Q) to a fourth switch tube (Q)1~Q4) First and second isolation transformers (T)1、T2) First to fourth rectifier diodes (D)1~D4) First to fourth capacitors (C)1、C2、Cb、Co) DC power supply (V)in) And a filter inductance (L)o) Transformer T1Comprising a primary winding npAnd a secondary winding nsTransformer T2Comprising a primary winding mpAnd secondary winding ms1、ms2
The first to the fourth switching tubes form a full bridge circuit, the positive and the negative output ends of the direct current power supply are connected in parallel in the forward direction, the first and the second capacitors are connected in parallel after being connected in series, the first isolation transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, one end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the first and the third switching tubes, the other end of the primary winding is connected with one end of the third capacitor, one end of the secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the first rectifier diode and the anode of the third rectifier diode, the other end of the secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the second rectifier diode and the anode of the fourth rectifier diode, the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the connection point of the second and the fourth switching tubes, the second isolation transformer comprises a primary winding and two secondary windings, one end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the second and the fourth switching tubes, the other end of the primary winding is connected with the connection point of the, one end of one secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the third rectifier diode, one end of the other secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode, the other ends of the secondary windings are directly connected and connected with one end of the filter inductor, the other end of the filter inductor is connected with one end of the fourth capacitor, the connection point is the positive end of the output voltage, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the anodes of the first rectifier diode and the second rectifier diode and serves as the negative end of the output voltage.
In one embodiment of the present invention, Q1、Q3Form a leading bridge arm, Q2、Q4Forming a lagging leg of the transformer T1DC blocking capacitor CbForm a full bridge topology, Q2、Q4、C1、C2And T2Forming a half-bridge topology, when the dead time is ignored, the duty ratio of each switching tube is 0.5, adjusting the phase shift angle between two bridge arms to realize the regulation of the output voltage, wherein on the secondary side, the full-bridge topology adopts a bridge rectifier structure, the half-bridge topology adopts a full-wave rectifier structure, and two groups of rectifiers share D2、D4A diode and an output filter as in figure 1.
The following describes a specific working principle of the present invention with an equivalent circuit simplified in fig. 2 and with reference to fig. 3 to 10. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the whole converter has 14 switching modes in one switching period, which are t0~t1]、[t1~t2]、[t2~t3]、[t3~t4]、[t4~t5]、[t5~t6]、[t6~t7]、[t7~t8]、[t8~t9]、[t9~t10]、[t10~t11]、[t11~t12]、[t12~t13]、[t13~t14]Wherein, [ t ]0~t7]For the first half period, [ t ]7~t14]In the latter half cycle, the operation of each switching mode is specifically analyzed below.
To simplify the analysis, the following assumptions were made: 1) all devices are ideal devices; 2) the parasitic devices of the switch tube only consider the body diode and the junction capacitance; 3) ignore T1The leakage inductance of the exciting inductance of the transformer is Lkl;4)T2Has an excitation inductance of LmLeakage inductance of Lk2(ii) a 5) Output filter inductance LoAs a constant current source, a capacitor C1And C2Equivalent to a constant voltage source.
Switched mode 1[ t ]0~t1](corresponding to FIG. 4): q1、Q4、D2、D3Conduction is carried out in a duty cycle period, the output filter inductor can be mapped to a primary side, the primary side current is approximately a constant value, and CbThe voltage increases linearly.
Switched mode 2[ t ]1~t2](corresponding to FIG. 5): at t1Time, Q1Off, Q1、Q3The junction capacitor is charged and discharged linearly through a constant current source, the midpoint voltage of the leading arm, the rectified voltage and the T1The primary and secondary side voltages of the transformer begin to drop linearly.
Switching mode 3[ t ]2~t3](corresponding to FIG. 6): at t2Time, leading arm midpoint voltage, T1The primary and secondary side voltages of the transformer are reduced to 0, D1On, D1、D2Start of commutation, T1Is short-circuited. At t3Time, vleaDown to 0, Q3Is turned on by the body diode, Q3Zero voltage turn-on can be achieved during this period CbApproximately constant application of voltage to Lk1Upper, primary side current ipLinearly decreases at t4At that time, the primary current drops to zero and D1、D2End of commutation, D2And (6) turning off.
Switch mode 4[ t ]3~t4](corresponding to FIG. 7): in the time period, the primary side current i of the full-bridge topologypIs zero, D1、D3And remains on for a period referred to as a non-duty cycle period.
Switching mode 5[ t ]4~t5](corresponding to FIG. 8): at t4Time, Q4Turn off, linear rise of midpoint voltage in lagging arm, D4The reverse voltage at both ends gradually decreases.
Switched mode 6[ t ]5~t6](corresponding to FIG. 9): at t5Time of day, D4The voltages at both ends drop to zero, T1And T2The secondary winding is connected in parallel, the junction capacitance and the leakage inductance start to resonate, the midpoint voltage of the lagging arm resonates and rises at t6At that time, the midpoint voltage of the lagging arm rises to Vin,Q2The body diode begins to conduct and, therefore, Q2Zero voltage turn-on can be achieved.
Switch mode 7[ t ]6~t7](corresponding to FIG. 10): d4Increasing the current gradually, D3The current gradually decreases at t7Time D3The current drops to zero and the converter enters the second half cycle.
Second half period [ t ]7~t14]Working principle of (1) and the first half period [ t ]0~t7]Basically, the same is true, but the current and the voltage change in opposite directions, and the description is not repeated.
Summarizing the working process, all the switching tubes of the converter can realize zero-voltage switching, half-bridge topology runs at a full duty ratio, the continuity of power transmission of the primary side and the secondary side is ensured, the primary side circulating current loss and the output current ripple are reduced, and the exciting current only passes through the lagging arm, so that the soft switching range of the lagging tube can be widened by increasing the exciting current, but the conduction loss cannot be obviously increased.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于元器件复用的半桥-全桥组合式直流变换器,其特征在于,包括第一至第四开关管、第一至第三电容、第一、第二隔离变压器、第一至第四整流二极管、直流电源;1. A half-bridge-full-bridge combined DC converter based on component multiplexing, characterized in that it comprises first to fourth switching tubes, first to third capacitors, first and second isolation transformers, First to fourth rectifier diodes, DC power supply; 所述第一、第二电容串联后并联在所述直流电源的正负输出端;The first and second capacitors are connected in parallel to the positive and negative output ends of the DC power supply; 所述第一隔离变压器包含一个原边绕组和一个副边绕组,原边绕组的同名端与所述第一、第三开关管的第一端的连接点相连,异名端与所述第三电容的一端相连,所述第一开关管、第二开关管的第二端相连接于电源正端,所述第三开关管、第四开关管的第二端相连接于电源负端,副边绕组的同名端与所述第一整流二极管的阴极、所述第三整流二极管的阳极相连,异名端与所述第二整流二极管的阴极、所述第四整流二极管的阳极相连,所述第一、第二整流二极管的阳级相连接形成负输出端,所述第三电容的另一端与所述第二、第四开关管的第一端连接点相连;The first isolation transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the same-named end of the primary winding is connected to the connection point of the first ends of the first and third switch tubes, and the different-named end is connected to the third switch tube. One end of the capacitor is connected, the second ends of the first switch tube and the second switch tube are connected to the positive end of the power supply, the second ends of the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are connected to the negative end of the power supply, the auxiliary The same name terminal of the side winding is connected to the cathode of the first rectifier diode and the anode of the third rectifier diode, and the different name terminal is connected to the cathode of the second rectifier diode and the anode of the fourth rectifier diode. The anodes of the first and second rectifier diodes are connected to form a negative output end, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the connection point of the first end of the second and fourth switch tubes; 所述第二隔离变压器包含一个原边绕组和第一、第二副边绕组,原边绕组的同名端与所述第二、第四开关管的连接点相连,异名端与所述第一、第二电容的连接点相连,所述第一副边绕组的异名端与所述第三整流二极管的阴极相连,所述第二副边绕组的同名端与所述第四整流二极管的阴极相连,所述第一副边绕组的同名端与所述第二副边绕组的异名端直接相连。The second isolation transformer includes a primary winding and first and second secondary windings. The same-named end of the primary winding is connected to the connection point of the second and fourth switch tubes, and the different-named end is connected to the first and second switching tubes. , the connection point of the second capacitor is connected, the synonymous terminal of the first secondary winding is connected to the cathode of the third rectifier diode, and the synonymous terminal of the second secondary winding is connected to the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode connected, the same-named end of the first secondary winding is directly connected to the different-named end of the second secondary winding. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于元器件复用的半桥-全桥组合式直流变换器,其特征在于,还包括第四电容、滤波电感,所述第二隔离变压器的第一副边绕组的同名端、第二副边绕组的异名端均与所述滤波电感的一端连接,所述滤波电感的另一端与所述第四电容的一端连接,作为输出电压的正端,所述第四电容的另一端与所述第一、第二整流二极管的阳极相连,作为输出电压的负端。2 . The half-bridge-full-bridge combined DC converter based on component multiplexing according to claim 1 , further comprising a fourth capacitor, a filter inductor, and the first secondary side of the second isolation transformer. 3 . The same-named end of the winding and the different-named end of the second secondary winding are both connected to one end of the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter inductor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor as the positive end of the output voltage. The other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the anodes of the first and second rectifier diodes as the negative end of the output voltage.
CN201811292961.9A 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 Half-bridge-full-bridge combined direct current converter based on component multiplexing Expired - Fee Related CN109546860B (en)

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