CN109546704B - Power battery quick charging method - Google Patents
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- CN109546704B CN109546704B CN201811445615.XA CN201811445615A CN109546704B CN 109546704 B CN109546704 B CN 109546704B CN 201811445615 A CN201811445615 A CN 201811445615A CN 109546704 B CN109546704 B CN 109546704B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H02J7/0091—
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Abstract
A power battery quick charging method comprises the following steps: the fast charging parameter calibration comprises the following steps: carrying out charge capacity calibration at 25 ℃; calibrating the maximum voltage of the battery at the SOC80% according to the charging capacity; the fast charge execution comprises: the temperature charging limiting current is controlled according to the temperature of the battery, the voltage charging limiting current is controlled according to the voltage of the battery, the smaller one of the temperature charging limiting current and the voltage charging limiting current is taken as the quick charging limiting current, the service life of the whole vehicle and the health state of the battery are fully considered, and the safety and the service life performance of the power battery are guaranteed by combining a quick charging calibration and a whole vehicle quick charging strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quick charging method for a power battery.
Background
With the serious aggravation of the global environmental pollution problem, new energy automobiles are highly valued by governments, automobile enterprises and scientific research institutions in the world, and the new energy automobiles mainly take electric energy as a power source and have the advantage of reducing emission. The power battery is used as a core component of the new energy automobile, the charging time of the power battery directly influences the automobile using experience of a user, and the quick charging technology is suitable for transportation. The quick charge technology is used for rapidly increasing the charge state of the battery pack under the condition of not influencing the cycle performance and the overall driving performance of the battery. The invention relates to a quick charging method of a power battery, which aims to solve the important problem that the quick charging method of the power battery is to be used for ensuring the safe use of the whole vehicle. .
At present, in the quick charging strategy of most host plants, a constant rate is adopted to directly charge to SOC80% in SOC 0-80%, then a constant voltage drop current mode is adopted to charge to SOC 100%, the charging time is shortened, and the user experience is improved. However, the service life and the safety performance of the battery are not fully considered in the quick charging strategy of the electric automobile in the host factory, and the quick charging times are limited.
Abbreviations commonly used in the art:
SOH-State of Health of a battery, which is the percentage of the capacity that the battery can be charged or discharged to the nominal capacity under certain conditions.
SOC is the State of Charge (State of Charge) of the battery, which reflects the State of remaining capacity of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the battery pack quick-charging strategy is safe and short in charging time, fully considers the service life of the whole vehicle and the health state of the battery, and guarantees the safety and service life performance of the power battery by combining quick-charging calibration and the whole vehicle quick-charging strategy.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a power battery quick charging method, which comprises the following steps: fast charge parameter calibration and fast charge execution, wherein: the fast charging parameter calibration comprises the following steps: carrying out charge capacity calibration at 25 ℃; calibrating the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at SOC80% according to the charging capacity; the fast charge execution comprises: the method comprises the steps of controlling temperature charging limiting current according to battery temperature, controlling voltage charging limiting current according to battery voltage, and taking the smaller one of the temperature charging limiting current and the voltage charging limiting current as fast charging limiting current.
The invention provides a safe and short-charging-time battery pack quick-charging strategy, which fully considers the service life of a whole vehicle and the health state of a battery, combines quick-charging calibration and the whole vehicle quick-charging strategy and ensures the safety and service life performance of a power battery. On the premise of the service life and safety of the power battery, the quick charge parameters are calibrated, and a scientific quick charge strategy is formulated. The quick charging strategy needs to comprehensively consider factors such as charging initial temperature, battery SOC deviation and battery voltage.
As a further improvement, the charge capacity calibration includes: discharging with a constant current of 1C until the minimum voltage (Vmin) of the battery is 2.3V, and standing for 30 min; charging to the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at a constant current of 0.85C to 3.54V; the voltage charged to the battery at 0.5C was 3.64V and charged to 3.64V by a reduced current of 25A; charging the battery with a 17A constant current until the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V; recording the charging capacity, and standing for 30 min.
As a further improvement, the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibration SOC80% includes: charging to SOC80% at a constant current of 0.85C, dropping to 10A, and charging to the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V; recording the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery corresponding to SOC80%, and standing for 30 min.
As a further improvement, after the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibrated SOC80%, the method further comprises: the cell was vented at 1C to 2.3V for 30min at the minimum voltage (Vmin).
As a further improvement, the controlling the temperature-charge limiting current according to the battery temperature includes: selecting the corresponding temperature charge limit current according to a minimum temperature (Tmin) and a maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery; controlling the voltage charge limit current according to the battery voltage includes: selecting the corresponding voltage charging limiting current according to the battery voltage (V) and the temperature charging voltage (V1).
As a further improvement, when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is less than or equal to 0 ℃ (Tmin ≦ 0 ℃), the battery is in a closed-loop state of 0A; when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 4 ℃ and not more than 1 ℃ (1 ℃ Tmin not more than 4 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 10A; when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 14 ℃ and not more than 5 ℃ (5 ℃ Tmin not more than 14 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 20A; a closed loop state of 72A SOH when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is equal to or greater than 15 ℃ and the maximum temperature of the battery is equal to or less than 44 ℃ (15 ℃ Tmin, Tmax ≦ 44 ℃); when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is less than or equal to 48 ℃ and greater than or equal to 45 ℃ (45 ℃ Tmax is less than or equal to 48 ℃), the battery is in a closed loop state of 30A; when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is equal to or higher than 49 ℃ (49 ℃ and less than Tmax), the battery is in a closed loop state of 0A.
As a further improvement, the value of the temperature charging voltage (V1) is as follows: when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 25 ℃, taking 3.540V; when the temperature of the battery is less than or equal to 10 ℃, taking 3.575V; and when the temperature of the battery is between 25 ℃ and 10 ℃, calculating the value by interpolation.
As a further improvement, the following charging is performed by current drop-through: when the battery voltage (V) is less than the temperature charging voltage (V1), in a closed-loop state of 72A SOH; (ii) a closed-loop state falling to 42A SOH when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to the temperature charging voltage (V1) and less than 3.64V; (ii) a closed-loop state falling to 25A SOH when said cell voltage (V) is 3.64V or higher; decreasing from a closed-loop state of 25A SOH to a closed-loop state of 17A SOH while maintaining the cell voltage (V) at 3.64V or higher; and when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to 3.65V, finishing charging.
As a further improvement, the fast charging execution is recorded in the VCU and controlled by the VCU.
As a further improvement, the VCU sends a charging current command and a charging voltage command to the charging post, the charging voltage command is 400V, and the maximum charging current command does not exceed 84A.
The invention marks the quick charge parameters and makes a scientific quick charge strategy on the premise of the service life and safety of the power battery. The quick charging strategy needs to comprehensively consider factors such as charging initial temperature, battery SOC deviation and battery voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 controls temperature charge limiting current according to battery temperature;
fig. 2 controls the voltage charge limiting current according to the battery voltage.
Reference numerals: tmin: a minimum temperature; tmax: a maximum temperature; v: a battery voltage; v1 temperature charging voltage.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a method for quickly charging a power battery. Abbreviations commonly used in the art:
SOH-State of Health of a battery, which is the percentage of the capacity that the battery can be charged or discharged to the nominal capacity under certain conditions.
SOC is the State of Charge (State of Charge) of the battery, which reflects the State of remaining capacity of the battery.
The invention provides a power battery quick charging method, which comprises the following steps: fast charge parameter calibration and fast charge execution, wherein: the fast charging parameter calibration comprises the following steps: carrying out charge capacity calibration at 25 ℃; calibrating the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at SOC80% according to the charging capacity; the fast charge execution comprises: the method comprises the steps of controlling temperature charging limiting current according to battery temperature, controlling voltage charging limiting current according to battery voltage, and taking the smaller one of the temperature charging limiting current and the voltage charging limiting current as fast charging limiting current.
The invention provides a safe and short-charging-time battery pack quick-charging strategy, which fully considers the service life of a whole vehicle and the health state of a battery, combines quick-charging calibration and the whole vehicle quick-charging strategy and ensures the safety and service life performance of a power battery. On the premise of the service life and safety of the power battery, the quick charge parameters are calibrated, and a scientific quick charge strategy is formulated. The quick charging strategy needs to comprehensively consider factors such as charging initial temperature, battery SOC deviation and battery voltage.
As a further improvement, the charge capacity calibration includes: discharging with a constant current of 1C until the minimum voltage (Vmin) of the battery is 2.3V, and standing for 30 min; charging to the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at a constant current of 0.85C to 3.54V; the voltage charged to the battery at 0.5C was 3.64V and charged to 3.64V by a reduced current of 25A; charging the battery with a 17A constant current until the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V; recording the charging capacity, and standing for 30 min.
As a further improvement, the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibration SOC80% includes: charging to SOC80% at a constant current of 0.85C, dropping to 10A, and charging to the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V; recording the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery corresponding to SOC80%, and standing for 30 min.
As a further improvement, after the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibrated SOC80%, the method further comprises: the cell was vented at 1C to 2.3V for 30min at the minimum voltage (Vmin).
As a further improvement, the controlling the temperature-charge limiting current according to the battery temperature includes: selecting the corresponding temperature charge limit current according to a minimum temperature (Tmin) and a maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery; controlling the voltage charge limit current according to the battery voltage includes: selecting the corresponding voltage charging limiting current according to the battery voltage (V) and the temperature charging voltage (V1).
As a further improvement, when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is less than or equal to 0 ℃ (Tmin ≦ 0 ℃), the battery is in a closed-loop state of 0A; when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 4 ℃ and not more than 1 ℃ (1 ℃ Tmin not more than 4 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 10A; when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 14 ℃ and not more than 5 ℃ (5 ℃ Tmin not more than 14 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 20A; a closed loop state of 72A SOH when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is equal to or greater than 15 ℃ and the maximum temperature of the battery is equal to or less than 44 ℃ (15 ℃ Tmin, Tmax ≦ 44 ℃); when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is less than or equal to 48 ℃ and greater than or equal to 45 ℃ (45 ℃ Tmax is less than or equal to 48 ℃), the battery is in a closed loop state of 30A; when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is equal to or higher than 49 ℃ (49 ℃ and less than Tmax), the battery is in a closed loop state of 0A.
As a further improvement, the value of the temperature charging voltage (V1) is as follows: when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 25 ℃, taking 3.540V; when the temperature of the battery is less than or equal to 10 ℃, taking 3.575V; and when the temperature of the battery is between 25 ℃ and 10 ℃, calculating the value by interpolation.
As a further improvement, the following charging is performed by current drop-through: when the battery voltage (V) is less than the temperature charging voltage (V1), in a closed-loop state of 72A SOH; (ii) a closed-loop state falling to 42A SOH when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to the temperature charging voltage (V1) and less than 3.64V; (ii) a closed-loop state falling to 25A SOH when said cell voltage (V) is 3.64V or higher; decreasing from a closed-loop state of 25A SOH to a closed-loop state of 17A SOH while maintaining the cell voltage (V) at 3.64V or higher; and when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to 3.65V, finishing charging.
As a further improvement, the fast charging execution is recorded in the VCU and controlled by the VCU.
As a further improvement, the VCU sends a charging current command and a charging voltage command to the charging post, the charging voltage command is 400V, and the maximum charging current command does not exceed 84A.
The invention marks the quick charge parameters and makes a scientific quick charge strategy on the premise of the service life and safety of the power battery. The quick charging strategy needs to comprehensively consider factors such as charging initial temperature, battery SOC deviation and battery voltage.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, based on the target of the quick charging time of the whole vehicle, the SOC 0-80% charging time is controlled within 1h, and the SOC 0-100% charging time is controlled within 1.5h, so that a plurality of quick charging schemes for charging to different SOC sections with different charging rates are formed. Based on a certain power battery quick-charging scheme, relevant data such as service life performance, heat generation quantity and safety performance (lithium analysis) under different charging rates are combined to formulate a feasible quick-charging scheme.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a method for quickly charging a power battery in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: calibrating parameters of a quick charging strategy: take 25 ℃ as an example.
(1) Capacity calibration at 25 ℃: discharging with 1C constant current until Vmin of the monomer is 2.3V, and standing for 30 min; charging to a monomer Vmax of 3.54V (80%) by a constant current of 0.85C, charging to 3.64V by 0.5C, charging to 3.64V by a reduced current of 25A, charging to a monomer Vmax of 3.65V by a constant current of 17A, recording the charging capacity, and standing for 30 min;
(2) vmax calibration at SOC 80%: the SOC value was set based on the charge capacity at 25 ℃. Charging to SOC80% at constant current of 0.85C, reducing to 10A, filling to monomer Vmax3.65V, recording monomer Vmax corresponding to SOC80%, and standing for 30 min;
(3) emptying the mixture at 1C until the Vmin of the monomer is 2.3V, and standing for 30 min;
II, secondly: and (3) realizing a quick charging strategy: and writing the quick charging strategy into VCU software, and controlling the monomer charging current from two dimensions of battery temperature and battery voltage to ensure the safe use of the power battery.
The temperature charging voltage V1 corresponds to the battery SOC about 80%, the parameter of V1 is related to the temperature, and the parameter table is as follows:
| Tmin/℃ | 25 | 10 |
| V1/V | 3.540 | 3.575 |
remarking:
1) v1 is influenced by battery temperature Tmin, a 25 ℃ point parameter value is taken when Tmin is higher than 25 ℃, a 10 ℃ parameter value is taken when Tmin is lower than 10 ℃, and a value is calculated between the two through interpolation;
2) the quick charging current takes the smaller value of 'temperature current limiting' and 'voltage current limiting';
3) as the cell voltage increased, 72A × SOH (0.85C) decreased to 42A × SOH (0.5C), 42A × SOH (0.5C) decreased to 25A × SOH (0.3C), 25A × SOH (0.3C) decreased to 17A × SOH (0.2C), both with a direct decrease in current;
4) in the charging process, the VCU sends a charging current and a charging voltage instruction to the charging pile, the charging current is analyzed, and the charging voltage is 400V;
5) in the charging process, the output current signal sent to the charging pile by the VCU does not exceed 84A at most.
The invention provides a quick charge strategy which comprehensively considers the temperature of a battery, the SOH of the battery and the voltage of the battery, can effectively evaluate the quick charge function of the power battery, shorten the charging time of the power battery and prompt a user to use a vehicle. The invention can realize the quick charging strategy matching different types of batteries by using the same method, and find out the charging and discharging characteristics, the heating characteristics and the battery capacity attenuation characteristics of the batteries according to the method.
It is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to the non-limiting embodiments, which are illustrated as examples only. The essential protection sought herein is further defined in the scope provided by the independent claims, as well as in the claims dependent thereon.
Claims (5)
1. A power battery quick charging method comprises the following steps: fast parameter calibration and fast implementation of filling, its characterized in that:
on the premise of the service life and safety of the power battery, a quick charge strategy is formulated according to the calibrated quick charge parameters, and quick charge execution is carried out;
the fast charging parameter calibration comprises the following steps: carrying out charge capacity calibration at 25 ℃; calibrating the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at SOC80% according to the charging capacity;
the fast charge execution comprises: controlling temperature charging limiting current according to the temperature of the battery, controlling voltage charging limiting current according to the voltage of the battery, and taking the smaller one of the temperature charging limiting current and the voltage charging limiting current as fast charging limiting current;
the controlling the temperature charging limiting current according to the battery temperature includes: selecting the corresponding temperature charge limit current according to a minimum temperature (Tmin) and a maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery;
the controlling the voltage charge limit current according to the battery voltage includes: selecting the corresponding voltage charging limiting current according to the battery voltage (V) and a temperature charging voltage (V1);
when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is less than or equal to 0 ℃ (Tmin is less than or equal to 0 ℃), the battery is in a closed loop state of 0A;
when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 4 ℃ and not more than 1 ℃ (1 ℃ Tmin not more than 4 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 10A;
when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is not more than 14 ℃ and not more than 5 ℃ (5 ℃ Tmin not more than 14 ℃), the battery is in a closed cyclic state of 20A;
a closed loop state of 72A SOH when the minimum temperature (Tmin) of the battery is equal to or greater than 15 ℃ and the maximum temperature of the battery is equal to or less than 44 ℃ (15 ℃ Tmin, Tmax ≦ 44 ℃);
when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is less than or equal to 48 ℃ and greater than or equal to 45 ℃ (45 ℃ Tmax is less than or equal to 48 ℃), the battery is in a closed loop state of 30A;
when the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery is more than or equal to 49 ℃ (49 ℃ and less than Tmax), the battery is in a closed loop state of 0A;
the charge capacity calibration comprises:
discharging with a constant current of 1C until the minimum voltage (Vmin) of the battery is 2.3V, and standing for 30 min;
charging to the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at a constant current of 0.85C to 3.54V;
the voltage charged to the battery at 0.5C was 3.64V and charged to 3.64V by a reduced current of 25A;
charging the battery with a 17A constant current until the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V;
recording the charging capacity, and standing for 30 min;
the value method of the temperature charging voltage (V1) comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 25 ℃, taking 3.540V;
when the temperature of the battery is less than or equal to 10 ℃, taking 3.575V;
when the temperature of the battery is between 25 ℃ and 10 ℃, calculating values through interpolation;
the following charging is performed by current dropping:
when the battery voltage (V) is less than the temperature charging voltage (V1), in a closed-loop state of 72A SOH;
(ii) a closed-loop state falling to 42A SOH when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to the temperature charging voltage (V1) and less than 3.64V;
(ii) a closed-loop state falling to 25A SOH when said cell voltage (V) is 3.64V or higher;
decreasing from a closed-loop state of 25A SOH to a closed-loop state of 17A SOH while maintaining the cell voltage (V) at 3.64V or higher;
and when the battery voltage (V) is greater than or equal to 3.65V, finishing charging.
2. A power battery quick-charging method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibration SOC80% includes:
charging to SOC80% at a constant current of 0.85C, dropping to 10A, and charging to the limit voltage (Vlim) of the battery is 3.65V;
recording the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery corresponding to SOC80%, and standing for 30 min.
3. A power battery quick-charging method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: after the maximum voltage (Vmax) of the battery at the calibrated SOC80%, further comprising: the cell was vented at 1C to 2.3V for 30min at the minimum voltage (Vmin).
4. A power battery quick-charging method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the quick charging execution is recorded in the VCU and is controlled and executed by the VCU.
5. The quick charging method for the power battery as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the VCU sends a charging current instruction and a charging voltage instruction to the charging pile, the charging voltage instruction is 400V, and the maximum charging current instruction is not more than 84A.
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| CN202929180U (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-05-08 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | State of Charge Meter for Rechargeable Batteries |
| CN106160089A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 | Method for charging batteries and battery charging control device |
| CN107887936B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-06-18 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Fast charging method, system and vehicle for power battery |
| CN108550928B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-04-07 | 青岛特来电新能源科技有限公司 | Electric automobile, charging and discharging equipment, and method and system for detecting SOH of battery |
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Address after: 230601 No. 99 Ziyun Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province Applicant after: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 230601 No. 669 Shixin Road, Taohua Industrial Park, Hefei City, Anhui Province Applicant before: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd |
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