CN109543670B - Scanning and imaging device for evaluation of training using transparent root canal tooth models - Google Patents
Scanning and imaging device for evaluation of training using transparent root canal tooth models Download PDFInfo
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- CN109543670B CN109543670B CN201811557205.4A CN201811557205A CN109543670B CN 109543670 B CN109543670 B CN 109543670B CN 201811557205 A CN201811557205 A CN 201811557205A CN 109543670 B CN109543670 B CN 109543670B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/20—Image preprocessing
- G06V10/22—Image preprocessing by selection of a specific region containing or referencing a pattern; Locating or processing of specific regions to guide the detection or recognition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用透明根管牙齿模型实训评价用扫描拍摄装置，通过驱动电机带动安装于牙齿夹具上的透明根管牙齿模型连续匀速运转，再通过线阵相机组件扫描拍摄透明根管牙齿模型的周侧面的图像，可以获得牙齿模型根管的侧面一周的图像数据，通过面阵相机组件拍摄透明根管牙齿模型顶部的根管髓室顶的图像，可以获得根管的髓室图像数据，这样，通过两幅图像数据，就可以完整获得根管治疗评价所需的整颗牙齿模型中的根管的形状数据，大大降低了后续的软件图像分析工作量和计算时间。因此，本发明能够用于口腔教学中对根管治疗结果进行日常的客观评价，且使用便捷、外观小巧、经济上可被普遍承受。
The present invention discloses a scanning and shooting device for practical training and evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model. The transparent root canal tooth model installed on a tooth fixture is driven by a driving motor to continuously rotate at a uniform speed. The image of the peripheral side of the transparent root canal tooth model is then scanned and shot by a linear array camera component, so that image data of the peripheral side of the root canal of the tooth model can be obtained. The image of the top of the root canal pulp chamber at the top of the transparent root canal tooth model is shot by a surface array camera component, so that the image data of the pulp chamber of the root canal can be obtained. In this way, the shape data of the root canal in the whole tooth model required for root canal treatment evaluation can be completely obtained through two image data, which greatly reduces the subsequent software image analysis workload and calculation time. Therefore, the present invention can be used for daily objective evaluation of root canal treatment results in oral teaching, and is convenient to use, compact in appearance, and generally affordable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oral cavity teaching models, in particular to a scanning shooting device for training and evaluating a tooth model by utilizing a transparent root canal.
Background
Endodontic treatment is one of the most common oral treatment procedures, which is necessary for caries teeth, in order to preserve the root. After caries dentin is removed and marrow is pulled out, root canal treatment is carried out. Root canal treatment typically involves several steps, root canal preparation (including root canal expansion), root canal irrigation, and root canal filling, each of which has stringent specifications and specifications. In oral teaching, teachers often use natural isolated teeth or model teeth to actually train students. The teacher's teaching of root canal treatment is very important. However, since the root canal simulating the teeth is so fine and the root canal is inside the teeth, it is impossible for a teacher to directly evaluate the results of the root canal treatment training of students with naked eyes.
In view of this, there are two countermeasures in the existing market, the first is to provide a transparent tooth model with a root canal visible from the outside, wherein the root canal wall is colored, the tooth model is inserted into a full mouth oral model, after practical training of student root canal treatment, a teacher takes the transparent tooth model off the oral model, and the teacher can evaluate the model, but the evaluation is only subjective evaluation in personal vision, and cannot be objectively performed.
The second is to evaluate with a Micro-CT apparatus, i.e. a high resolution CT scan, which can obtain 3D data of rooted teeth at a resolution of the order of microns. However, the equipment is positioned as scientific research equipment by the market so far, the price is very high, related licenses are required to be handled in the purchase and use of Micro-CT equipment, a user needs to check up regularly, a certain protection is required in the use process of the user, the data obtained by CT scanning is very huge, a workstation-level computer is required to process the data, the outline of the root canal wall is required to be sketched and reconstructed on the basis of the acquired data, the time is very consuming, and because of the reasons of materials, the definition of the sketched outline is doubtful, and the defects are all assumed to be unrealistic in daily objective evaluation of the Micro-CT equipment for the practical training of the student root canal treatment in schools.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a scanning shooting device for practical training evaluation of a transparent root canal tooth model, which can be used for daily objective evaluation of a root canal treatment result in oral teaching, is convenient to use, has a small appearance and can be commonly born economically.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
The utility model provides an utilize real evaluation of instructing of transparent root canal tooth model to shoot device, includes frame, tooth anchor clamps, driving motor, area array camera subassembly, linear array camera subassembly and the zero position detection device that have horizontal workstation, driving motor install in the bottom surface of horizontal workstation, driving motor's motor shaft pass horizontal workstation and with tooth anchor clamps fixed connection, transparent root canal tooth model demountable installation in the top of tooth anchor clamps, the area array camera subassembly is hung in the top of tooth anchor clamps is used for shooing the fixed image of the root canal marrow chamber top of having opened of transparent root canal tooth model top on the tooth anchor clamps, the linear array camera subassembly install in on the top surface of horizontal workstation is used for scanning shoot by driving motor drives the image of the week side of transparent root canal tooth model of continuous constant velocity operation, zero position detection device is used for detecting linear array camera subassembly scanning shoot the starting position and the termination position of transparent root canal tooth model.
Further, the controller is used for receiving a working instruction from the computer, controlling the driving motor, the linear array camera assembly and the area array camera assembly through a control interface, collecting and feeding back image data scanned and shot by the linear array camera assembly to the computer through a linear array data collecting card, and collecting and feeding back image data shot by the area array camera assembly to the computer through an area array data collecting card.
Further, the tooth fixture comprises a pillow block and a mounting seat, a through hole is formed in the horizontal workbench, the middle of the motor shaft is mounted in the through hole through a shaft sleeve, the bottom end of the pillow block is mounted on a shaft head of the motor shaft, at least two first positioning columns are arranged at the top of the pillow block, at least two first positioning holes corresponding to the first positioning columns one by one are formed in the bottom of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning columns are arranged at the top of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning holes corresponding to the second positioning columns one by one are formed in the bottom of the transparent root canal tooth model, the mounting seat is fixed on the pillow block through the insertion connection of the first positioning columns and the first positioning holes, the transparent root canal tooth model is fixed on the mounting seat through the insertion connection of the second positioning columns and the second positioning holes, and the at least two first positioning columns are arranged to be in a foolproof structure, so that the mounting seat can only be fixed on the pillow block in a fixed insertion connection direction, and the transparent root canal tooth model can only be fixed in the insertion connection direction.
Further, the mounting seat bottom is equipped with two the second reference column, two the second reference column is the cylinder, and two the diameter of second reference column is different, be equipped with two on the pillow block first reference column, two the first reference column is the cylinder, and two the diameter of first reference column is different.
Further, the zero detection device comprises a zero sensor, a sensor fixing frame and a zero baffle, one end of the zero baffle is installed on one side of the tooth clamp, the sensor fixing frame is installed on the horizontal workbench and located on one side of the tooth clamp, the zero sensor is installed on the sensor fixing frame, the zero baffle follows the tooth clamp to rotate in-process, the zero baffle enters into a working area of the zero sensor, and the zero sensor is electrically connected with a control interface of the controller.
Further, the driving motor is a closed loop stepping motor or a servo motor.
Further, the area array camera assembly comprises a first fixing frame, an area array camera lens and an annular light source, wherein the first fixing frame comprises a first vertical plate and a first transverse plate, the bottom end of the first vertical plate is installed on the horizontal workbench, one side of the first transverse plate is fixedly connected to the first vertical plate, the first transverse plate is horizontally arranged and extends to the upper part of the tooth clamp, the area array camera is installed on the first transverse plate, the area array camera lens is installed on the area array camera, the annular light source is installed on the head of the area array camera lens, and the long axis of an LED lamp bead of the annular light source and the long axis of the area array camera lens are in a certain angle, so that light rays are obliquely transmitted to a root canal pulp chamber of the transparent root canal tooth model.
Further, the linear array camera assembly comprises a second fixing frame, a linear array camera lens and a strip-shaped light source, wherein the second fixing frame comprises a second vertical plate and a second horizontal plate, the second horizontal plate is installed on the horizontal workbench, the bottom end of the second vertical plate is connected to the second horizontal plate, the second vertical plate is vertically arranged, a window is formed in the middle of the second vertical plate, the linear array camera is installed on the second vertical plate, the linear array camera lens is installed on the linear array camera through the window, the strip-shaped light source is installed on the horizontal workbench or on the first vertical plate, and the strip-shaped light source irradiates the photographed surface of the transparent root canal tooth model from the oblique side direction.
Further, two first bar-shaped slots are arranged on the second transverse plate at intervals, the second transverse plate is fixed to the horizontal workbench through a first fastener penetrating through the first bar-shaped slots and a first threaded hole correspondingly arranged on the horizontal workbench, the distance between the linear array camera and the tooth clamp is adjusted through adjusting the position of the first fastener in the first bar-shaped slots, a second bar-shaped slot is arranged at four corners of the second upright plate, the linear array camera is fixed to the second upright plate through a second fastener penetrating through the second bar-shaped slot and a second threaded hole correspondingly arranged on the linear array camera, and the height of the linear array camera relative to the horizontal workbench is adjusted through adjusting the position of the second fastener in the second bar-shaped slot.
Further, the strip-shaped light source is mounted on the first vertical plate through a third fixing frame, the third fixing frame comprises a third vertical plate and a third transverse plate, one side of the third vertical plate is mounted on the first vertical plate, one side of the third transverse plate is connected to the third vertical plate, the third transverse plate is horizontally arranged, and the top of the strip-shaped light source is mounted on the third transverse plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the scanning shooting device for practical training evaluation of the transparent root canal tooth model is provided, the transparent root canal tooth model arranged on the tooth clamp is driven by the driving motor to continuously run at a constant speed, then the image of the peripheral side surface of the transparent root canal tooth model is scanned and shot by the linear array camera assembly, the image data of one peripheral side surface of the root canal in the transparent root canal tooth model can be obtained, the image of the pulp-opened root canal pulp chamber top at the top of the transparent root canal tooth model is shot by the area array camera assembly hung on the tooth clamp, the pulp chamber image data of the root canal can be obtained, thus, the shape data of the root canal in the whole tooth model required by root canal treatment evaluation can be completely obtained by the two image data, the subsequent software image analysis workload and calculation time are greatly reduced, and the work of tens of students in one class can be evaluated and completed within 1-2 hours. Compared with the traditional Micro-CT equipment, the scanning shooting device can acquire the complete side data of the tooth model root canal by adopting only one driving motor and matching with one linear array camera component, has simple design and small appearance (the size and the weight of a microwave oven), and is very convenient to debug, calibrate and maintain without protection. In addition, the shape data acquired by the scanning shooting device are obtained by a teacher, the shape data are completely real in vision, the 3D data acquired by Micro-CT are reconstructed and rendered by a certain algorithm based on the difference of the X-ray absorption attenuation coefficients of materials, and the edge recognition of the 3D data is deviated from the real visual edge recognition and is not necessarily credible. And the manufacturing cost of the scanning shooting device is much lower than that of Micro-CT, so the scanning shooting device has great price advantage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a view angle of a scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another view of the scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of a scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the assembly of a dental fixture with a transparent root canal dental model in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the assembly of the dental fixture with a transparent root canal dental model of the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a control block diagram of a scanning camera for training evaluation using a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical content of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments is given only for better understanding of the content of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a perspective view of a view angle of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention, fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a view angle of a portion a of fig. 2, fig. 4 is a perspective view of a view angle of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention, fig. 5 is a front view of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention, fig. 6 is a rear view of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention, fig. 7 is a top view of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention, fig. 8 is a top view of a tooth fixture and a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention, fig. 9 is a bottom view of a tooth fixture and a transparent root canal tooth model according to the present invention, and fig. 10 is a control block diagram of a transparent root canal tooth model training evaluation scanning photographing device according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7, the scanning photographing device for evaluation by using the practical training of the transparent root canal tooth model comprises a frame 1 with a horizontal workbench 101, a tooth clamp 2, a driving motor 3, an area array camera assembly 4, a linear array camera assembly 5 and a zero position detection device 6, wherein the driving motor is installed on the bottom surface of the horizontal workbench, a motor shaft 301 of the driving motor penetrates through the horizontal workbench and is fixedly connected with the tooth clamp, the transparent root canal tooth model 7 is detachably installed on the top of the tooth clamp, the area array camera assembly is suspended above the tooth clamp and used for photographing images of the top of the medullary canal chamber of the transparent root canal tooth model fixed on the tooth clamp, the linear array camera assembly is installed on the top surface of the horizontal workbench and used for scanning and photographing images of the peripheral side surface of the transparent root canal tooth model driven by the driving motor to continuously run at a constant speed, and the zero position detection device is used for detecting the starting position and ending position of the transparent root canal tooth model photographed by the linear array camera assembly.
In the structure, the transparent root canal tooth model arranged on the tooth clamp is driven by the driving motor to continuously run at a constant speed, then the linear array camera component scans and shoots images of the peripheral side face of the transparent root canal tooth model, image data of one circle of the side face of the root canal in the transparent root canal tooth model can be obtained, and the image of the pulp-opened root canal pulp chamber top of the transparent root canal tooth model can be shot by the area array camera component hung on the tooth clamp, so that the pulp chamber image data of the root canal can be obtained, and the shape data of the root canal in the whole tooth model required by root canal treatment evaluation can be completely obtained by the two image data, thus greatly reducing the subsequent software image analysis workload and calculation time, and enabling the operation of tens of students in one class to be evaluated and finished within 1-2 hours. Compared with the traditional Micro-CT equipment, the scanning shooting device can acquire the complete side data of the tooth model root canal by adopting only one driving motor and matching with one linear array camera component, has simple design and small appearance (the size and the weight of a microwave oven), and is very convenient to debug, calibrate and maintain without protection. In addition, the shape data acquired by the scanning shooting device are obtained by a teacher, the shape data are completely real in vision, the 3D data acquired by Micro-CT are reconstructed and rendered by a certain algorithm based on the difference of the X-ray absorption attenuation coefficients of materials, and the edge recognition of the 3D data is deviated from the real visual edge recognition and is not necessarily credible. And the manufacturing cost of the scanning shooting device is much lower than that of Micro-CT, so the scanning shooting device has great price advantage.
Preferably, referring to fig. 10, the scanning shooting device further includes a controller and a computer, the zero position detection device feeds back a detection signal to the controller, the controller receives a working instruction from the computer, controls the driving motor, the linear array camera assembly and the area array camera assembly through a control interface, collects and feeds back image data scanned and shot by the linear array camera assembly to the computer through a linear array data collection card, and collects and feeds back image data shot by the area array camera assembly to the computer through an area array data collection card. The physical form of the controller can be an interface circuit board connected with the computer, and a control interface of the interface circuit board is used for triggering the exposure shooting of the linear array camera and the area array camera, controlling the operation of the driving motor and controlling the opening of the annular light source and the strip light source in the shooting process according to a set program. The control interface of the interface circuit board is also used for receiving the detection signal fed back by the zero detection device and receiving the instruction from the computer to start working and also providing necessary feedback information for the computer. The computer is provided with image data reading software and image analysis software, and the transparent root canal tooth model scanning shooting device for root canal treatment practical training, the image data reading software and the image analysis software form a complete transparent root canal treatment tooth evaluation system which is used for daily objective evaluation of root canal treatment results in oral teaching.
Preferably, referring to fig. 8 and 9, the dental fixture includes a pillow block 201 and a mounting seat 202, a through hole is formed in the horizontal workbench, the middle part of the motor shaft is mounted in the through hole through a shaft sleeve 203, the bottom end of the pillow block is mounted on a shaft head of the motor shaft, at least two first positioning columns 204 are formed at the top of the pillow block, at least two first positioning holes 205 corresponding to the first positioning columns one to one are formed at the bottom of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning columns 206 are formed at the top of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning holes 701 corresponding to the second positioning columns one to one are formed at the bottom of the transparent root canal tooth model, the mounting seat is fixed on the pillow block through the plugging of the first positioning columns and the first positioning holes, the transparent root canal tooth model is fixed on the mounting seat through the plugging of the second positioning columns and the second positioning holes, and the at least two first positioning columns are arranged in a fool-proof structure, so that the mounting seat can only be fixed on the pillow block in the plugging direction, and the transparent root canal tooth model can be fixed in the plugging direction. Like this, install in the spindle nose of motor shaft through the pillow block, the mount pad is installed on the pillow block, and tooth model installs on the mount pad, and driving motor just can drive tooth model 360 degrees rotations, and the linear array camera subassembly of being convenient for scans the picture of taking the week side of tooth model, wherein, through the grafting of first reference column and first locating hole, realized installing the mount pad on the pillow block fast the function, and at least two first reference columns arrange and be prevent slow-witted structure, have limited the direction of mount pad grafting on the pillow block, reach the purpose of unifying the installation standard. Likewise, through the grafting of second reference column and second locating hole, realized installing the function on the mount pad with transparent root canal tooth model fast, and at least two second reference column arrangements are foolproof structure, have limited the direction that transparent root canal tooth model was pegged graft on the mount pad, reach the purpose of unifying the installation standard, be favorable to the evaluation standard unanimity of transparent root canal tooth model that different students used. Because the root canal is possibly full circle and can be misplaced, the tooth model used by each student training is the same, and if the directions of the grafting are different, the starting points of the scanning of the linear array camera assembly are not uniform, and the scanned and shot images are not comparable.
Preferably, the material of mount pad is ferromagnetic metal, pillow block top is equipped with recess 2011, install magnet 207 in the recess, adsorb ferromagnetic metal's mount pad through magnet, can further improve the stable connection of mount pad and pillow block.
Preferably, the mounting seat bottom is equipped with two the second reference column, two the second reference column is the cylinder, and two the diameter of second reference column is different, be equipped with two on the pillow block first reference column, two the first reference column is the cylinder, and two the diameter of first reference column is different. Like this, through designing two first, second reference columns into the cylinder and have different diameters, can play the effect of preventing the wrong foolproof structure of grafting direction, and be convenient for mount pad and transparent root canal tooth model bottom correspond the cylinder hole grafting of two different sizes of size designs, loading and unloading are very convenient, also be convenient for the boss and mount pad bottom correspond the grafting of two different cylinder holes of size designs, loading and unloading are also very convenient. The design of the assembly form of the mount and the tooth model and the assembly form of the mount and the pillow block is not limited to this, and it is sufficient if the assembly accuracy is high, the assembly and the disassembly are convenient, and the foolproof feature for preventing the mounting error is provided. For example, a positioning column can be designed at the bottom of the mounting seat, and a positioning hole with corresponding size can be designed on the pillow block, and it is worth specifically describing that two cylindrical holes at the bottom of the tooth model are only regular data with mechanical morphology in the whole tooth model morphology data, software can compare the outer diameter and height data of the two cylindrical holes with the actual outer diameter and height dimension data of the two cylindrical holes by measuring, scale the whole tooth model size, and thus can accurately measure the data of other sizes (including root canal size) of the tooth model.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, the zero detection device includes a zero sensor 601, a sensor fixing frame 602 and a zero baffle 603, one end of the zero baffle is installed on one side of the dental fixture, the sensor fixing frame is installed on the horizontal workbench and is located on one side of the dental fixture, the zero sensor is installed on the sensor fixing frame, the zero baffle follows the dental fixture in the rotation process, the zero baffle enters into a working area of the zero sensor, and the zero sensor is electrically connected with a control interface of the controller. Thus, when the zero position baffle enters the working area of the zero position sensor during the rotation process of the zero position baffle following the tooth fixture, the zero position sensor detects the tooth fixture (tooth model), and therefore the zero position baffle can be used as the starting position and the ending position of the tooth model. Because the tooth clamp can be driven to rotate by the motor shaft, in order to reduce the position deviation caused in the motion as much as possible, the zero-position baffle is designed and assembled on the tooth clamp so as to ensure that the rotating position of the zero-position baffle is completely consistent with the rotating positions of the tooth model and the tooth clamp. The null sensor can adopt a photoelectric limit switch or a mechanical contact switch. Preferably, a photoelectric limit switch is used, referring to the figure, an example shows a U-shaped photoelectric limit switch, a working area of the photoelectric limit switch is a U-shaped clamping opening, an optical axis points to the other side wall from one side wall of the U-shaped side wall, the U-shaped clamping opening is horizontally arranged, a zero baffle passes through the U-shaped clamping opening, and then the zero baffle can be detected, and a zero sensor is electrically connected with a control interface of a controller and can output detection signals to the controller for reading. And the zero baffle arranged on the tooth clamp moves to a position for blocking the optical axis of the photoelectric limit switch, namely, a zero position for shooting by the linear array camera. The linear array camera starts exposure shooting from a zero position, a minimum angle of each step of rotation of the driving motor is set according to preset image resolution, each step of rotation of the driving motor, the linear array camera shoots an image, the driving motor rotates for 360 degrees, and the linear array camera splices the strip-shaped images shot successively into a complete two-dimensional image.
The sensor fixing frame is used for fixing the zero sensor, and in the device debugging stage, the sensor fixing frame can be used for adjusting the position of the sensor. For example, the sensor fixing frame can be designed into an L shape, the vertical part of the L shape is used for installing and fixing a zero sensor, the zero sensor can be fixed on the vertical part of the L shape through a fastener, the transverse part of the L shape is used for being installed on a horizontal workbench, a strip-shaped hole is formed in the transverse part of the L shape, and the sensor fixing frame is locked on the horizontal workbench through the cooperation of the fastener (such as a bolt) penetrating through the strip-shaped hole and a threaded hole arranged on the horizontal workbench, so that the relative position of the sensor fixing frame relative to the tooth clamp can be adjusted.
Preferably, the driving motor is a closed loop stepping motor or a servo motor. Preferably, the linear camera assembly is used for driving the tooth clamp and the tooth model to rotate, and in the rotating process, the linear camera assembly is used for scanning and shooting images of the complete 360-degree side face of the tooth model, and the operation of the servo motor can be controlled by the controller.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the area camera assembly includes a first fixing frame 401, an area camera 402, an area camera lens 403 and an annular light source 404, where the first fixing frame includes a first vertical plate 4011 and a first lateral plate 4012, the bottom end of the first vertical plate is installed on the horizontal workbench, one side of the first lateral plate is fixedly connected to the first vertical plate, and the first lateral plate is horizontally arranged and extends above the dental fixture, the area camera is installed on the first lateral plate, the area camera lens is installed on the area camera, the annular light source is installed on the head of the area camera lens, and the long axis of the LED lamp bead of the annular light source forms a certain angle with the long axis of the area camera lens, so that light is transmitted to the root canal pulp chamber of the transparent root canal dental model in an oblique manner.
The area array camera can adopt an industrial camera of a common square CCD (charge coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) photoreceptor and is used for shooting the medullary canal roof of the medullary canal of the transparent root canal tooth model roof. When the method is used for evaluating, only one image is shot for subsequent image analysis and comparison, so that angles which cannot be shot by the linear array camera are supplemented, the area array camera is suspended on the tooth clamp through the first fixing frame, an exposure trigger signal of the area array camera is provided by the controller, and image data of the area array camera are transmitted to an external computer through an area array data acquisition card of the controller for image processing and analysis.
The lens of the area array camera is matched with the size of the area array camera and the size of the shot teeth to select the shape, and the optical path system is required to ensure a certain depth of field firstly and ensure that the tooth model occupies as large a ratio as possible in the whole image field, so that the clearest image can be obtained. The area array camera lens is preferably a fixed focus lens capable of electrically controlling focusing, because the fixed focus lens can obtain better image quality under the same cost, in addition, in order to obtain clearer and high-resolution images in different depth directions (namely different focusing planes), the controller can control the electrically focusing to different front and back planes to obtain a plurality of images in different planes, and the images are synthesized into an image with ultra-large depth of field for analysis and evaluation through subsequent software processing, so that the result can be more accurate.
The annular light source is fixed at the head of the lens of the area array camera, the long axis of the LED lamp bead of the annular light source forms a certain angle with the long axis of the lens, and light rays obliquely transmit to the marrow chamber of the tooth model, so that a better illumination effect can be obtained. The controller controls the annular light source to be started in the shooting process so as to save power.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the line camera assembly includes a second fixing frame 501, a line camera 502, a line camera lens 503 and a strip light source 504, the second fixing frame includes a second vertical plate 5011 and a second horizontal plate 5012, the second horizontal plate is mounted on the horizontal table, the bottom end of the second vertical plate is connected to the second horizontal plate, and the second vertical plate is vertically disposed, a window is formed in the middle of the second vertical plate, the line camera is mounted on the second vertical plate, the line camera lens is mounted on the line camera through the window, the strip light source is mounted on the horizontal table or on the first vertical plate, and the strip light source irradiates the photographed surface of the transparent root canal tooth model from an oblique side.
In the above structure, the linear array camera is one type of industrial camera, and has different light sensing pixels and area array camera, and only one or two rows of pixels, and the number of pixels in each row can be very large, so that the resolution can be very high and the visual field can be very large. The camera generates an image every time exposure, the motor is used for driving the continuous uniform motion of the measured object, the linear array camera synchronously and continuously exposes to generate a series of strip images, and finally, the strip images are automatically spliced into a very long image. In the invention, by utilizing the characteristic of the linear array camera, the side image of the transparent root canal tooth model which is driven by the driving motor to continuously run at constant speed is shot, and as a result, only one image is generated, and the 360-degree complete side of the root canal of the transparent root canal tooth model can be completely represented by leaning on one image. The subsequent image analysis software only needs to evaluate the image, so that the calculation amount of image analysis is greatly reduced. The trigger signal of the linear array camera is given by the controller, and the image data of the linear array camera is output to an external computer through a controlled data acquisition card for image processing analysis.
The lens of the linear array camera is matched with the linear array camera and the size of the shot teeth to select the model, and particularly, the requirement is that the shot image should ensure a certain definition in the depth direction, so that a certain depth of field is ensured in the design of an optical path system, and then the tooth model occupies as large a ratio as possible in the whole image field, so that the clearest image can be obtained. The linear array camera is preferably a fixed focus lens capable of electrically controlling focusing, because the fixed focus lens can obtain better image quality under the same cost, in addition, in order to obtain clearer and high-resolution images in different depth directions (namely different focusing planes), the controller can control the electrically focusing to different front and back planes to obtain a plurality of images in different planes, and the images are synthesized into an image with ultra-large depth of field through subsequent software processing and then analyzed and evaluated, so that the result can be more accurate.
The scanning shooting device adopts the controllable electric focusing lens, can shoot a plurality of images in the same direction and different depths, so that software can synthesize a high-resolution image with super depth of field, and the resolution of the image in vision can exceed Micro-CT.
The second fixing frame of the linear array camera is used for fixing the linear array camera and the lens of the linear array camera, and the fixing frame can be used for adjusting the front and back positions, the upper and lower positions of the linear array camera in the device debugging stage. So that the teeth can adjust the object distance in the center area of the image. Preferably, referring to fig. 2 and 7, preferably, two first strip-shaped slots 5013 are spaced on the second transverse plate, the second transverse plate is fixed to the horizontal workbench through a first fastening piece 5014 penetrating through the first strip-shaped slots and a first threaded hole correspondingly arranged on the horizontal workbench, the distance between the linear camera and the dental fixture is adjusted by adjusting the position of the first fastening piece in the first strip-shaped slots, a second strip-shaped slot 5015 is arranged at each of four corners of the second upright plate, the linear camera is fixed to the second upright plate through a second fastening piece 5016 penetrating through the second strip-shaped slots and a second threaded hole correspondingly arranged on the linear camera, and the height of the linear camera relative to the horizontal workbench is adjusted by adjusting the position of the second fastening piece in the second strip-shaped slots. Thus, the second fixing frame can be locked on the horizontal workbench through the threaded connection of the first fastening piece and the first threaded hole, and the distance between the linear camera and the tooth clamp can be adjusted through adjusting the position of the first fastening piece in the first strip-shaped slotted hole. And the linear camera can be locked on the second fixing frame through the threaded connection of the second fastening piece and the second threaded hole, and the height of the linear camera relative to the horizontal workbench can be adjusted through adjusting the position of the second fastening piece in the second strip-shaped slotted hole.
The strip light source of the linear array camera is arranged on the horizontal workbench or the first vertical plate and is used for irradiating the photographed surface of the transparent root canal tooth model from the oblique side direction so as to provide a better illumination effect. The controller controls the strip light source to be started in the shooting process so as to save power. The strip light source may be mounted on the horizontal table or the first upright plate by a fixing frame, preferably, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the strip light source is mounted on the first upright plate by a third fixing frame 505, the third fixing frame includes a third upright plate 5051 and a third transverse plate 5052, one side of the third upright plate is mounted on the first upright plate, one side of the third transverse plate is connected to the third upright plate, and the third transverse plate is horizontally disposed, and the top of the strip light source is mounted on the third transverse plate. Preferably, the strip light source can adjust the position of the linear array camera light source in the device debugging stage through the fixing frame. For example, a bar-shaped slot 5053 may be disposed on the third upright plate of the third fixing frame, and the fastening member 5054 is connected with the screw hole by screw, so that the height of the bar-shaped light source relative to the horizontal workbench may be adjusted by adjusting the position of the fastening member in the bar-shaped slot while the third fixing frame is locked to the first upright frame.
Preferably, the invention uses the transparent root canal tooth model practical training evaluation scanning shooting device, which has the following using process:
first, according to the tooth position, pulp chamber shape, root canal number, root canal shape and root canal size proposed by the teacher in school, a tooth model shape is designed by adopting a computer aided design technology, and the tooth model is only used for practical training and evaluation of root canal treatment, so that the pulp chamber top of the root canal is open (as shown in fig. 1, the schematic teeth are 16# tooth positions, three tooth roots). Meanwhile, a special tooth fixture for the tooth model is designed and manufactured based on the data of the tooth model, and comprises a mounting seat and a pillow block.
Then, a transparent tooth model with root canal features inside can be printed out in 3d by adopting a computer-aided manufacturing technology, or a forming mould of the transparent tooth model can be designed and manufactured, wherein the forming mould can be a silica gel mould or a metal injection mould, and the forming mould is used for producing the tooth model. In terms of the current manufacturing characteristics, the production efficiency and the precision of the metal injection mold are higher, and the metal injection mold is preferable.
Then, the root canal wall inside the transparent root canal tooth model is dyed, generally red, so that the image contrast of the root canal inside the transparent tooth model is high, and the root canal edge is easily identified.
Then, after the tooth model is inserted into the mounting seat of the tooth fixture, the mounting seat is inserted into a pillow block fixed on a motor shaft in advance to perform scanning shooting, so that two images are obtained, namely, one image is a picture of the pulp chamber bottom at the top of the tooth model, which is shot by using an area-array camera, and the other image is a 360-degree image of the side face of the tooth model, which is shot by using a linear-array camera, and the image is called an original root canal image.
The teacher and the students respectively use the tooth model with the stained root canal wall to conduct practical training of root canal treatment (operation with root canal expansion), and the tooth model with the practical training result is called as a root canal expansion tooth model. In a root canal expansion procedure, the operator wears off the previously stained root canal wall, expanding the root canal diameter. Thus, the root canal of the tooth is re-stained after the canal is enlarged.
The root canal enlarged tooth model of the teacher and the students is put on the tooth clamp again for scanning shooting, and two images are obtained. Teacher's root canal image and student's root canal image.
The root canal treatment evaluation software installed on the computer takes the original root canal image and the teacher root canal image as references, compares the root canal images, sets weight according to the preset clinical root canal treatment evaluation specification, and scores the student root canal images. Finally, objective and quantitative evaluation of the practical training result of the students is obtained, and guidance and improvement comments are provided for the students through the diagrams.
The above embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Modifications and variations in the above-described embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model is characterized in that the device comprises a frame (1) with a horizontal workbench (101), a tooth clamp (2), a driving motor (3), an area array camera component (4), a linear array camera component (5) and a zero position detection device (6), wherein the driving motor is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal workbench, a motor shaft (301) of the driving motor passes through the horizontal workbench and is fixedly connected with the tooth clamp, a transparent root canal tooth model (7) is detachably arranged on the top of the tooth clamp, the area array camera component is suspended above the tooth clamp and is used for shooting images of the top of an open medullary canal tooth model of the transparent root canal fixed on the tooth clamp, the linear array camera component is arranged on the top surface of the horizontal workbench and is used for scanning images of the peripheral side surface of the transparent root canal tooth model driven by the driving motor to continuously and uniformly run, the zero position detection device is used for detecting the starting position and ending position of the linear array camera component for shooting the transparent root canal tooth model, the first camera component (403) is arranged on a first annular lens assembly (401), the first lens assembly (401) is arranged on a vertical lens assembly (401), the first lens assembly (401) is arranged on a horizontal lens assembly (401) or a vertical lens assembly (402) is arranged on the first lens assembly) and comprises a first annular lens assembly (401), the utility model discloses a tooth model, including tooth fixture, face-array camera, annular light source, face-array camera lens, first horizontal board one side rigid coupling in on the first vertical board, just first horizontal board level sets up and extends to tooth fixture top, face-array camera install in on the first horizontal board, the annular light source install in on the head of face-array camera lens, the major axis of the LED lamp pearl of annular light source with the major axis of face-array camera lens is certain angle, makes light slant transmission to the root canal pulp room of transparent root canal tooth model.
2. The scanning and shooting device for evaluation by practical training of a transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 1, further comprising a controller and a computer, wherein the zero position detection device feeds back detection signals to the controller, the controller receives working instructions from the computer, controls the driving motor, the linear array camera assembly and the area array camera assembly through a control interface, collects and feeds back image data scanned and shot by the linear array camera assembly to the computer through a linear array data collection card, and collects and feeds back image data shot by the area array camera assembly to the computer through an area array data collection card.
3. The scanning shooting device for evaluation by utilizing the practical training of the transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 1, wherein the tooth fixture comprises a pillow block (201) and a mounting seat (202), a through hole is formed in the horizontal workbench, the middle part of a motor shaft is mounted in the through hole through a shaft sleeve (203), the bottom end of the pillow block is mounted on a shaft head of the motor shaft, at least two first positioning columns (204) are arranged at the top of the pillow block, at least two first positioning holes (205) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the two first positioning columns are formed at the bottom of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning columns (206) are formed at the top of the mounting seat, at least two second positioning holes (701) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two second positioning columns are formed at the bottom of the transparent root canal tooth model, the mounting seat is fixed on the pillow block through the plug-in connection of the first positioning columns and the first positioning holes, the transparent root canal tooth model is fixed on the pillow block through the second positioning columns and the mounting seat in the plug-in the at least two first positioning columns, and the transparent root canal tooth model can only be arranged in the plug-in direction of the mounting seat.
4. The scanning shooting device for evaluation by using the practical training of the transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 3, wherein two second positioning columns are arranged at the bottom of the mounting seat, the two second positioning columns are cylinders, the diameters of the two second positioning columns are different, two first positioning columns are arranged on the pillow block, the two first positioning columns are cylinders, and the diameters of the two first positioning columns are different.
5. The scanning shooting device for evaluation of practical training of a tooth model by utilizing a transparent root canal according to claim 2, wherein the zero position detection device comprises a zero position sensor (601), a sensor fixing frame (602) and a zero position baffle (603), one end of the zero position baffle is installed on one side of the tooth fixture, the sensor fixing frame is installed on the horizontal workbench and is positioned on one side of the tooth fixture, the zero position sensor is installed on the sensor fixing frame, the zero position baffle enters a working area of the zero position sensor in the rotation process of the zero position baffle following the tooth fixture, and the zero position sensor is electrically connected with a control interface of the controller.
6. The scanning and photographing device for evaluation by practical training of a transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 1, wherein the line camera assembly comprises a second fixing frame (501), a line camera (502), a line camera lens (503) and a strip light source (504), the second fixing frame comprises a second vertical plate (5011) and a second horizontal plate (5012), the second horizontal plate is mounted on the horizontal workbench, the bottom end of the second vertical plate is connected to the second horizontal plate, the second vertical plate is vertically arranged, a window is arranged in the middle of the second vertical plate, the line camera is mounted on the second vertical plate, the line camera lens passes through the window and is mounted on the line camera, the strip light source is mounted on the horizontal workbench or the first vertical plate, and the strip light source irradiates the photographed surface of the transparent root canal tooth model from an oblique side direction.
7. The scanning and shooting device for evaluation of practical training using a transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 6, wherein two first strip-shaped slots (5013) are provided on the second transverse plate at intervals, the second transverse plate is fixed to the horizontal table by a first fastening member (5014) penetrating into the first strip-shaped slots and a threaded connection of a corresponding first threaded hole provided on the horizontal table, the distance between the linear camera and the dental fixture is adjusted by adjusting the position of the first fastening member in the first strip-shaped slots, one second strip-shaped slot (5015) is provided at each of four corners of the second upright plate, the linear camera is fixed to the second upright plate by a second fastening member (5016) penetrating into the second strip-shaped slot and a threaded connection of a corresponding second threaded hole provided on the linear camera, and the height of the linear camera relative to the horizontal table is adjusted by adjusting the position of the second fastening member in the second strip-shaped slot.
8. The scanning and imaging device for evaluation of practical training using a transparent root canal tooth model according to claim 6, wherein the strip-shaped light source is mounted on the first upright plate through a third fixing frame (505), the third fixing frame comprises a third upright plate (5051) and a third transverse plate (5052), one side of the third upright plate is mounted on the first upright plate, one side of the third transverse plate is connected to the third upright plate, the third transverse plate is horizontally arranged, and the top of the strip-shaped light source is mounted on the third transverse plate.
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