CN109541753B - Flattening filter and Mux and Demux filter formed by flattening filter - Google Patents
Flattening filter and Mux and Demux filter formed by flattening filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109541753B CN109541753B CN201811646422.0A CN201811646422A CN109541753B CN 109541753 B CN109541753 B CN 109541753B CN 201811646422 A CN201811646422 A CN 201811646422A CN 109541753 B CN109541753 B CN 109541753B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a flattening filter and Mux and Demux filters formed by the flattening filter. A flattening filter comprises a Cell unit, wherein the Cell unit comprises 2 MMI optical power splitters, 3 direction couplers and 4 groups of interference arms, the 2 MMI optical power splitters and the 3 direction couplers are connected through the 4 groups of interference arms according to the sequence MMI-DC-DC-MMI, MMI represents the MMI optical power splitters, DC represents the direction couplers, each group of interference arms comprises two interference arms with different lengths, a port 1 or a port 3 of the first MMI optical power splitter In the sequence is a combined wave outgoing or incoming port and serves as an In port of the Cell unit, a port 2 and a port 4 of the last direction coupler In the sequence are a split wave incoming or outgoing port and serve as an Out1 port and an Out2 port of the Cell unit respectively. The invention has the following substantial effects: the invention optimizes the directional coupler of the grid filter, thereby realizing high-performance MUX and DEMUX grid filters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a flattening filter and Mux and Demux filters formed by the flattening filter.
Background
With the development of communication technology in the society of today, various data traffic generated during communication has been increasing explosively. The transmission and processing of these data in data centers requires higher speed carriers to meet the demands of traffic growth. Optical fibers, because of their high rate and low loss, are more efficient data transmission media than cables, and are increasingly being used in data transmission within data centers. Corresponding optical filters are integrated in the optical module to realize Multiplexing (MUX) and Demultiplexing (DEMUX) of light with different wavelengths. Methods implemented for existing photon-integrated MUX and DEMUX optical filters fall into two general categories. The first is a finite impulse response Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter; yet another class is infinite impulse response Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters. FIR filters are commonly used in the implementation of MUX and DEMUX optical filters, including arrayed waveguide gratings (Arrayed waveguide grating: AWG); a reflective echelle grating (ECHELLE GRATING: EDG); a mesh filter (LATTICE FILTER). In the optical module, as the output wavelength of the laser has a certain temperature drift, the spectral response of the filter needs to have a flattened passband to fit the temperature drift, so that stable MUX and DEMUX functions are realized. At the same time, the Insertion Loss (IL) of the filter should be as small as possible, reducing the power consumption of the optical module. Whereas existing optical sub-set-shaped MUX and DEMUX optical filters often use AWG or EDG solutions. Both filters achieve a flat-top of the spectral response at the expense of IL. Conventional lattice filters can achieve flat-top pass bands without sacrificing IL. However, since the wavelength width covered by CWDM application in the O-band is greater than 80nm, the directional coupler in the conventional lattice filter often cannot achieve such a long flattened coupling efficiency, which increases the crosstalk of the device.
Chinese patent CN204101770U, publication No. 2015 1, 14, a gain flattening filter, which comprises a single optical fiber head, an optical filter, a collimating lens and a single optical fiber collimator, wherein the optical filter is fixed on the light emitting surface of the single optical fiber head and the optical filter covers the optical fiber core of the single optical fiber head, the collimating lens and the single optical fiber collimator are arranged on the same horizontal line and are sequentially arranged, a distance D is arranged between the single optical fiber head and the collimating lens, and a distance D is arranged between the collimating lens and the single optical fiber collimator. The size of the optical filter can be greatly reduced by fixing the optical filter on the light-passing surface of the single optical fiber head, so that the price of the optical filter is lower, and the device cost is greatly reduced. The filter and reverse isolation of the light path are realized by arranging the isolator core, and the product is small in size and low in cost. But it does not solve the problem of the flattening of the spectral response of the current filter at the expense of IL.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the technical problem that the flat-top of the spectral response of the current filter is at the expense of IL. A flattening filter for a filter unit formed by cascade connection of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and Mux and Demux filters formed by the flattening filter are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a flattening filter comprising a Cell unit comprising 2 MMI optical power splitters, 3 directional couplers and 4 sets of interference arms, the 2 MMI optical power splitters and 3 directional couplers being connected by 4 sets of interference arms In the order MMI-DC-MMI-DC, wherein MMI represents an MMI optical power splitter, DC represents a directional coupler, each set of interference arms comprises two interference arms of different lengths, port 1 or port 3 of the first MMI optical power splitter In the order is a combined wave exit or entry port and is an In port of the Cell unit, port 2 and port 4 of the last directional coupler In the order are a split wave entry or exit port and are respectively an Out1 port and an Out2 port of the Cell unit. Each Cell unit is formed by a cascade of four sets of mach-zehnder interferometers. The 5 energy beam splitters/combiners in the four groups of Mach-Cendell interferometers are respectively composed of 2 MMIs and 3 directional couplers; the 4 sets of interference arms are made up of waveguides of different lengths. The input and output of each group of interference arms respectively correspond to the input and output of the MMI and the 2 ports of the directional coupler, so that four groups of Mach-Cendel interferometers are cascaded. Interference caused by the arm length difference can improve the flat-top degree of the filter spectral response. The MMI refers to a multimode interference MMI (Multi-mode Interference, MMI) optical power divider for dividing waves.
Preferably, the waveguides of the directional coupler are divided into an energy coupling area and a phase control area, the energy coupling areas are distributed on two sides of the phase control area, the widths of the two waveguides of the directional coupler in the energy coupling area are the same, the widths of the two waveguides of the directional coupler in the phase control area are different and are different from the widths of the waveguides of the energy coupling area, and gradual change cone waveguide connecting sections are arranged between the waveguides of the energy coupling area and the waveguides of the phase control area. The energy coupling area is mainly used for coupling energy between two waveguides; in the phase control region, the widths of two adjacent waveguides are not consistent, so that the propagation constants of modes in the two waveguides are not consistent, the energy coupling is extremely weak, and the control of the optical phases with different wavelengths is mainly realized. The flat-top of the wide-spectrum energy coupling efficiency can be realized by reasonably controlling the lengths of the two energy coupling areas and the width/length of the phase control area, so that the functions of Mux and Demux with low crosstalk are realized, the length of the energy coupling area takes a value in a normal range, and the optimal value of the width or the length of the phase control area can be obtained by carrying out limited times of experiments according to specific communication wavelengths.
Preferably, the arm length difference of the two interference arms of each group of interference armsWhere FSR is 4 times the wavelength interval of the communication light, n g is the group index of refraction of the waveguide, and λ is the effective index of refraction of the waveguide. Each Cell is made up of four sets of mach-zehnder interferometer cascades. Each group of interference arms consists of two waveguides with different lengths, and the arm length difference of the two waveguides needs to be calculated according to the channel interval and the effective refractive index and the group refractive index of the waveguides, so that a certain phase relation is met, and the flattening degree of the spectral response of the filter can be further improved.
A flattening Mux filter is formed by cascading flattening filters as described above, and comprises 3 Cell units, wherein the In port of a first Cell unit is a composite wave outlet, the In port of a second Cell unit is coupled with the Out2 port of the first Cell unit, the In port of a third Cell unit is coupled with the Out1 port of the first Cell unit, and the Out1 and Out2 ports of the second Cell unit and the third Cell unit are wave division inlets.
A flattening Demux filter is formed by cascading the flattening filters, and comprises 9 Cell units, wherein an In port of a first Cell unit is a composite wave incident port, an In port of a second Cell unit is connected with an Out2 port of the first Cell unit, an In port of a third Cell unit is connected with an Out1 port of the first Cell unit, an In port of a fourth Cell unit is connected with an Out2 port of the second Cell unit, an In port of a fifth Cell unit is connected with an Out1 port of the third Cell unit, an Out1 port of the fourth Cell unit and the fifth Cell unit are respectively connected with Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units, and Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units are all wave-dividing output ports. The 9 Cell unit cascade can effectively enhance the control of crosstalk.
The invention has the following substantial effects: the invention optimizes the directional coupler of the grid filter, thereby realizing high-performance MUX and DEMUX grid filters, improving the flattop degree of the spectral response of the filter and reducing crosstalk.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Cell unit structure according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a directional coupler waveguide structure according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Mux filter structure according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three Demux filter according to an embodiment.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises an interference arm, a directional coupler, a3 Cell unit, a 4 MMI optical power divider, a 5 energy coupling area, a 6 gradual change cone waveguide connecting section, a 7 phase control area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
As shown In fig. 1, a flattening filter is shown In a schematic diagram of a Cell unit structure of an embodiment, where the embodiment includes a Cell unit 3, the Cell unit 3 includes 2 MMI optical power splitters 4,3 directional couplers 2, and 4 sets of interference arms 1,2 MMI optical power splitters 4 and 3 directional couplers 2 are connected by 4 sets of interference arms 1 according to a sequence MMI-DC-MMI-DC, where MMI represents an MMI optical power splitter 4, DC represents a directional coupler 2, each set of interference arms 1 includes two interference arms 1 with different lengths, in the sequence, a port 1 or a port 3 of a first MMI optical power splitter 4 is a combined wave outgoing or incoming port and is used as an In port of the Cell unit 3, and a port 2 and a port 4 of a last directional coupler 2 In the sequence are used as an Out1 port and an Out2 port of the Cell unit 3, respectively. Each Cell unit 3 is formed by a cascade of four sets of mach-zehnder interferometers. The 5 energy beam splitters/combiners in the four groups of Mach-Cendell interferometers are respectively composed of 2 MMIs and 3 directional couplers 2; the 4 sets of interference arms 1 are made up of waveguides of different lengths. The input and output of each group of interference arms 1 respectively correspond to the input and output of the MMI and the 2 port of the directional coupler 2, so that four groups of Mach-Cendel interferometers are cascaded. Interference caused by the arm length difference can improve the flat-top degree of the filter spectral response. MMI refers to a multimode interference MMI (Multi-mode Interference, MMI) optical power divider for dividing a wave.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment, the waveguide structure of the directional coupler is schematically shown, the waveguide of the directional coupler 2 is divided into an energy coupling region 5 and a phase control region 7, the energy coupling region 5 is distributed at two sides of the phase control region 7, the widths of the two waveguides of the directional coupler 2 in the energy coupling region 5 are the same, the widths of the two waveguides of the directional coupler 2 in the phase control region 7 are different and are different from the widths of the waveguides of the energy coupling region 5, and a gradual taper waveguide connection section 6 is arranged between the waveguides of the energy coupling region 5 and the phase control region 7. The energy coupling area 5 is mainly used for coupling energy between two waveguides; the phase control region 7 has the advantages that the widths of two adjacent waveguides are not consistent, so that the propagation constants of modes in the two waveguides are not consistent, the energy coupling is extremely weak, and the control of the optical phases with different wavelengths is mainly realized. By reasonably controlling the lengths of the two energy coupling areas 5 and the width/length of the phase control area 7, the flattening of the wide-spectrum energy coupling efficiency can be realized, so that the functions of Mux and Demux with low crosstalk are realized, the length of the energy coupling area 5 takes the value in the normal range, and the optimal value of the width or length of the phase control area 7 can be obtained by carrying out limited times of experiments according to specific communication wavelengths.
Arm length difference of two interference arms 1 of each group of interference arms 1Where FSR is 4 times the wavelength interval of the communication light, n g is the group index of refraction of the waveguide, and λ is the effective index of refraction of the waveguide. Each Cell is made up of four sets of mach-zehnder interferometer cascades. Each group of interference arms 1 consists of two waveguides with different lengths, and the arm length difference of the two waveguides needs to be calculated according to the channel interval and the effective refractive index and the group refractive index of the waveguides, so that a certain phase relation is met, and the flattening degree of the spectral response of the filter can be further improved.
Embodiment two:
A flattening Mux filter is composed of a flattening filter cascade described In the first embodiment, as shown In FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a two-Mux filter structure In the second embodiment, wherein the embodiment comprises 3 Cell units 3, the In port of the first Cell unit 3 is a composite wave exit port, the In port of the second Cell unit 3 is coupled with the Out2 port of the first Cell unit 3, the In port of the third Cell unit 3 is coupled with the Out1 port of the first Cell unit 3, and the Out1 and Out2 ports of the second Cell unit 3 and the third Cell unit 3 are wave division entrance ports.
Embodiment III:
The flattening Demux filter is composed of a flattening filter cascade described In the first embodiment, as shown In fig. 4, and is a schematic structural diagram of a flattening filter In the third embodiment, wherein the embodiment includes 9 Cell units 3, the In port of the first Cell unit 3 is a composite wave incident port, the In port of the second Cell unit 3 is connected with the Out2 port of the first Cell unit 3, the In port of the third Cell unit 3 is connected with the Out1 port of the first Cell unit 3, the In port of the fourth Cell unit 3 is connected with the Out2 port of the second Cell unit 3, the In port of the fifth Cell unit 3 is connected with the Out1 port of the third Cell unit 3, the Out1 port of the fourth Cell unit 3 and the Out2 port of the fifth Cell unit 3 are respectively connected with the Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units 3, and the Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units 3 are wave output ports. The cascade of 9 Cell units 3 can effectively enhance the control of crosstalk.
The above-described embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not limited in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the technical aspects set forth in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A flattening filter is characterized in that,
The Cell unit comprises 2 MMI optical power splitters, 3 direction couplers and 4 groups of interference arms, wherein the 2 MMI optical power splitters and the 3 direction couplers are connected through the 4 groups of interference arms according to the sequence MMI-DC-DC-MMI-DC, MMI represents the MMI optical power splitters, DC represents the direction couplers, each group of interference arms comprises two interference arms with different lengths, a port 1 or a port 3 of the first MMI optical power splitter In the sequence is a combined wave outgoing or incoming port and is used as an In port of the Cell unit, a port 2 and a port 4 of the last direction coupler In the sequence are a branching wave incoming or outgoing port, and are respectively used as an Out1 port and an Out2 port of the Cell unit, waveguides of the direction couplers are divided into an energy coupling area and a phase control area, the energy coupling areas are distributed on two sides of the phase control area, and the width of two waveguides of the direction couplers In the phase control area are different and the width waveguides of the two waveguides of the direction couplers are different from each other.
2. A flattening filter in accordance with claim 1, wherein,
The arm length difference of the two interference arms of each group of interference armsWhere FSR is 4 times the wavelength interval of the communication light, n g is the group index of refraction of the waveguide, and λ is the effective index of refraction of the waveguide.
3. A flattening Mux filter comprising a flattening filter cascade of claim 1, wherein the flattening filter comprises 3 Cell units, the In port of the first Cell unit is a composite output port, the In port of the second Cell unit is coupled to the Out2 port of the first Cell unit, the In port of the third Cell unit is coupled to the Out1 port of the first Cell unit, and the Out1 and Out2 ports of the second Cell unit and the third Cell unit are drop input ports.
4. A flattening Demux filter comprising a cascade of flattening filters as recited In claim 1, wherein the cascade comprises 9 Cell units, the In port of the first Cell unit is a composite incident port, the In port of the second Cell unit is connected to the Out2 port of the first Cell unit, the In port of the third Cell unit is connected to the Out1 port of the first Cell unit, the In port of the fourth Cell unit is connected to the Out2 port of the second Cell unit, the In port of the fifth Cell unit is connected to the Out1 port of the third Cell unit, the Out1 ports of the fourth Cell unit and the fifth Cell unit are respectively connected to the Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units, and the Out2 ports of the remaining four Cell units are all branch emission ports.
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| CN115980914A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-18 | 苏州湃矽科技有限公司 | On-chip integrated wavelength division multiplexer and chip |
| CN113900285B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-05 | 杭州芯耘光电科技有限公司 | Technology insensitive modulator |
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| CN107422421A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of coarse wavelength division multiplexer device based on curved oriented coupler |
| CN209248084U (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-08-13 | 杭州芯耘光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Mux, Demux filter of flattening filter and its composition |
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| JP3894279B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2007-03-14 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical wavelength multiplexing / demultiplexing circuit |
| JP2003066387A (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-05 | Nec Corp | Filter device |
| JP2010134224A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-17 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Optical multiplexing/demultiplexing device |
| JP6509626B2 (en) * | 2015-05-01 | 2019-05-08 | 富士通株式会社 | Wavelength multiplexing / demultiplexing device, optical receiver and optical transmitter |
| CN105093419B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2018-03-06 | 兰州交通大学 | A kind of different-bandwidth flat-top all -fiber comb filter and preparation method thereof |
| EP3223049B1 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2024-01-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Point-symmetric mach-zehnder-interferometer device |
| CN108828722A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-16 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of cascade MZI filter reducing crosstalk using secondary cascade |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH04212108A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1992-08-03 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Waveguide type light branching element |
| CN107422421A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of coarse wavelength division multiplexer device based on curved oriented coupler |
| CN209248084U (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-08-13 | 杭州芯耘光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Mux, Demux filter of flattening filter and its composition |
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