CN109541034A - Train body siding sound insulation property test method based on vehicle semianechoic room environment - Google Patents
Train body siding sound insulation property test method based on vehicle semianechoic room environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于整车半消声室环境的列车车体壁板隔声性能测试方法属于轨道交通车辆车体壁板的隔声性能测量方法领域，该方法首先建造足以容纳被测车型的整车半消声室，然后针对轨道客车的地板、顶板、侧墙、车门、车窗以及风挡等具有相似振动模态群的相关结构子系统逐一作为当前选定区域的测试样件，从而分别以它们为测试标的，完成对车体壁板件的隔声性能测试。本发明不需要针对各个地板、顶板、侧墙、车门、车窗以及风挡等分别制作专门的样件，节约了样件制作费用；该方法对于车辆本身无损害，一次可以测试出车辆关注区域的全部隔声量。
The test method for sound insulation performance of train body panels based on the environment of the vehicle semi-anechoic chamber belongs to the field of sound insulation performance measurement methods for rail transit vehicle body panels. Then, the relevant structural subsystems with similar vibration mode groups, such as the floor, roof, side wall, door, window and windshield of the rail car, are taken as the test samples of the currently selected area one by one, so that they are the test objects respectively. , to complete the sound insulation performance test of the body wall panel. The present invention does not need to make special samples for each floor, roof, side wall, door, window, windshield, etc., and saves the cost of sample production; the method does not damage the vehicle itself, and can test the area of interest in the vehicle at one time. All sound insulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the sound insulation property measurement method fields of rail traffic vehicles car body siding, and in particular to one kind is based on
The train body siding sound insulation property test method of vehicle semianechoic room environment.
Background technique
The acoustic enviroment of rail traffic vehicles car, directly affects the riding comfort of driver and conductor, is to guarantee or even mention
Rise the key factor of the track transportation industry market competitiveness.Existing research achievement shows outside vehicle noise through car body siding
The transmission sound formed into interior is one of the main source of internal car noise, transmission sound it is strong and weak mainly with the sound insulation of car body
Performance is closely bound up.The sound insulation property for choosing suitable test method test body wall plate can be the low of rail traffic vehicles car
Noise Design provides effective data and supports.
The prior art one related to the present invention: trolley coach reorganizes and outfit state
It has completed that installation and debugging efforts are all arranged, can appear on the scene the train status to put into effect, referred to as track
Car reorganizes and outfit state.
The prior art two related to the present invention: the structure of body wall plate and in the intracorporal position of vehicle
As shown in Figure 1, the car body siding 4 of trolley coach, refers to the siding that will keep apart inside and outside guest room, mainly by ground
The structure compositions such as plate, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen.Existing research achievement shows outside vehicle noise through vehicle
Body wall plate 4 is formed by one of the main source that transmission sound is noise in guest room compartment into guest room interior, transmission sound
It is strong and weak mainly closely bound up with the sound insulation property of car body siding 4.In order to optimize the anti-acoustic capability of car body siding 4, need to its into
The acoustics of row sound insulation property is test, so that body wall plate sound insulation property parameter is obtained, so as to the foundation optimized as noise reduction.It is existing
Usually there are standing-wave-tube method and laboratory sound booth method in stage in relation to the measurement of rail traffic vehicles car body oise insulation factor.
Currently, usually having standing-wave-tube method and experiment for the typical test method of individual car body siding exemplar sound insulation property
Two kinds of room sound booth method.
The prior art three related to the present invention: standing-wave-tube method
Standing-wave-tube method is a kind of more mature sound insulation measuring method, is circular exemplar orientation hair by pair cross-section
Sound wave known to the sound intensity, and the acoustic information after the acquisition of transmission of exemplar rear are penetrated, can simply and easily realize small-sized material structure
Sound insulation measurement of the part to vertical incidence sound wave.But due to various sizes of plate, its oise insulation factor is often different, such as
Fruit chooses a certain part on car body siding 4 only to make exemplar, exemplar can not the entire car body of true representations it is true every
Volume, secondly exemplar also has difference for the oise insulation factor of the sound wave under different sound wave incident angles, and standing-wave-tube method can only measure
The oise insulation factor of exemplar normal incidence sound wave and be unable to measure the oise insulation factor reorganized and outfit under the true reverberation noise incident state of vehicle, with
Upper two o'clock causes standing-wave-tube method to reorganize and outfit the oise insulation factor test result under state to car body and lacks representativeness, and error is larger.
The prior art four related to the present invention: laboratory sound booth method
Laboratory sound booth method is the commonly sound insulation measuring method of another kind well known to acoustical testing field, and this method needs
It establishes and complies with standard sound booth reverberation field condition and equipped with laboratory test window, and existed by blocking tested sample
Soundproof effect good laboratory test window one end, and the acoustic information after the other end acquisition of transmission of test window.But
This method also needs to determine position, posture and the fixed form of exemplar distance sound insulation chamber window in sound booth, to simulate it
In the real border condition on car body of reorganizing and outfit, and due to reorganize and outfit the body panel structure on car body huge, structure feature and dynamic
Mechanical behavior is complicated, and therefore, the Position and orientation parameters of tests exemplar are also difficult to determine.
The prior art five related to the present invention: the method for direct car body siding oise insulation factor on real vehicle
According to well known reverberation time measuring method, if by the train passenger compartment compartment under state of reorganizing and outfit can be approximately one mixed
Field is rung, to calculate the oise insulation factor of train siding by known reverberation time formula.But due to track train bulky,
External environment or common workshop are no matter placed it in, acoustic enviroment condition quiet enough can not be built, lead to its examination
The interference component for testing ambient noise in result is larger, seriously affects the accuracy of test data result.
The prior art six related to the present invention: the overview of existing semianechoic room
Semianechoic room is a kind of integral outer soundproof construction suitable for large-sized structural component acoustical testing, main function
It is to be completely cut off external ambient noise completely by building the huge enclosure space of high oise insulation factor, thus to be mentioned inside semianechoic room
For meeting the quiet environment of acoustical testing standard, in order to carry out all kinds of acoustics tests in this context.The advantages of semianechoic room
It is hard that be due to ground be, can bear biggish weight, is suitable for measurement such as vehicle, large machines, the noise power of equipment, and
Semianechoic room cost is cheaper than whole elimination room.The building technology and acceptance criteria of semianechoic room are mature and well known existing skills
Art.
However, since standing-wave-tube method and laboratory sound booth method are generally only for individual car body siding exemplar, and it is such
Semianechoic room can not be isolated into two completely self-contained acoustic enviroments by individual car body siding sample.Meanwhile train body conduct
Whole tubular mammoth structure, is not belonging to individual plate, therefore directly can not obtain it by existing semianechoic room method
The sound insulation property parameter of the wall panel structures such as floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing standing-wave-tube method and laboratory sound booth method generally only for individual car body siding exemplar, and this
Semianechoic room can not be isolated into two completely self-contained acoustic enviroments by the individual car body siding exemplar of class.Meanwhile train body
Tubular mammoth structure as a whole is not belonging to individual plate, therefore can not directly be obtained by existing semianechoic room method
The technical issues of taking the sound insulation property parameter of the wall panel structures such as its floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen, the present invention
A kind of train body siding part sound insulation weight testing method based on vehicle semianechoic room environment is provided.
The technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem of the present invention is as follows:
Train body siding sound insulation property test method based on vehicle semianechoic room environment, which is characterized in that this method
Include the following steps:
Step 1: it is built according to train shape size and is sufficient to accommodate the vehicle for reorganizing and outfit state lower railway train rail cars half
Anechoic room；
Step 2: the track train vehicle under state of reorganizing and outfit is placed in vehicle semianechoic room, is allowed in ambient noise
In low, good acoustic environment of the surrounding without acoustic reflection, and vehicle end is blocked into tooling with sound insulation and carries out sound insulation sealing, it is ensured that
The acoustic energy of sound source radiation can only be passed out from car body siding；
Step 3: one of the dependency structure subsystem with similar mode of oscillation group is chosen in vehicle body, is made
Test sample of the subsystem as current selected region, and three reverberation are pasted in its corresponding car body outer surface random site
Field microphone；The above-mentioned dependency structure subsystem with similar mode of oscillation group include floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window with
And windscreen；
Step 4: the corresponding vehicle body of test sample along the direction of car body longitudinal centre line, in current selected region
Arrange No.1 without being directed toward sound source and No. two without sound source is directed toward, for generating the reverberation field excitation in compartment；
Step 5: adjust separately No.1 without be directed toward sound source and No. two without the height of being directed toward sound source and its with test sample away from
From can confirm current selected so that the sound pressure level difference value that three reverberation field microphones obtain described in step 3 is respectively less than 1dB
Vehicle body space corresponding to the test sample in region produces uniform reverberation field excitation；
Step 6: upper outside car body corresponding to the test sample to current selected region according to well known sound intensity technique
End face, left side wall and right side wall carry out transmission acoustical power L respectivelywMeasurement；
Step 7: according to following formula calculate vehicle semianechoic room environment under train current selected region test sample every
Volume:
TL=Lp-6-Lw……(1)
In formula (1), TL is the oise insulation factor of the test sample with the current selected region solved, LwFor measured by step 6
The transmission acoustical power of the test sample outer surface in current selected region；LpIt is No.1 described in step 5 without direction sound source and No. two nothings
Sound source is directed toward respectively according to the equal of the sound pressure level of the corresponding three reverberation field microphones obtained of test method given by step 6
Value；
Step 8: according to abovementioned steps two to step 7 exact same way, be respectively completed remaining current selected area
The sound insulation property of the test sample in domain is tested.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: should the train body siding sound insulation property test side based on vehicle semianechoic room environment
Method proposes that construction is sufficient to accommodate the vehicle semianechoic room of tested vehicle initiatively, reorganizes and outfit vehicle under state using plug at end part
Car body tubular construction is isolated into the completely self-contained acoustic enviroment in two, space of semianechoic room outside vehicle body and car body, it is interior
Acoustic enviroment is similar to sounding room of the reverberation field as sound insulation measurement, be similar to anechoic room as sound receiving room outside vehicle.Semianechoic room
Low ambient noise, wall surface partition high acoustic absorption coefficient characteristic can provide good test acoustic enviroment for test, reduce environment because
Influence of the element for test result, and specific vehicle semianechoic room structure index is given, so as to partly disappear by vehicle
Sound chamber avoids external interference to the isolation function of ambient noise, and greatly improves the accuracy of acoustic data.
The present invention has similar vibration mould for floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen of trolley coach etc.
The dependency structure subsystem of state group is used as the test sample in current selected region one by one, thus be respectively test target with them,
It completes to test the sound insulation property of body wall plate, this method definitely gives two for generating the reverberation field excitation in compartment
It is a that without the specific position for being directed toward sound source, three reverberation field microphones, and specifically, three reverberation field microphones of adjustment are opposite
In two positions without direction sound source, and guest room interior locating for body wall plate is made to generate uniform reverberation field excitation
Method.The present invention specifically gives the placement position and sound insulation property index parameter that sound insulation blocks tooling, thus by body wall
Members inside airtight space simultaneously becomes the reverberation chamber that uniform reverberation field excitation can be generated under without the excitation for being directed toward sound source,
And then the train body siding part oise insulation factor under vehicle semianechoic room environment is calculated for empirical equation given according to the present invention
Create necessary acoustic experiment environment.
The present invention is also tested and is summarized the experience by many experiments, is given initiatively and is solved vehicle semianechoic room environment
Under train body siding part oise insulation factor empirical equation and formula in each variable acquisition methods and calculate needed for tune
Whole penalty coefficient, to make the train body siding part sound insulation weight testing method under the semianechoic room environment of the invention based on vehicle
Data analysis and calculating be carried out.
It includes that floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen etc. have similar vibration mould that this method, which is suitable for measurement,
The oise insulation factor of any plate on car body including the dependency structure subsystem of state group, by selecting similar vibration mould on the car body
The dependency structure subsystem of state group, can be to avoid standing-wave-tube method and sound booth method sound wave incident angle, exemplar size as exemplar
And there is larger impact for test result in exemplar boundary condition.In addition, the present invention do not need for each floor,
Top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen etc. make special exemplar respectively, have saved exemplar manufacturing cost.For vehicle sheet
Body is harmless, can once test out whole oise insulation factors of vehicle region-of-interest, has certain efficient feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the train body siding sound insulation property test method test site the present invention is based on vehicle semianechoic room environment
Layout drawing；
Fig. 2 is that the acoustic pressure of the train body siding sound insulation property test method the present invention is based on vehicle semianechoic room environment is adopted
The major elements schematic diagram of sampling point.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Train body siding sound insulation property test method based on vehicle semianechoic room environment of the invention includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: state lower railway train single-unit vehicle is reorganized and outfit as shown in Figure 1, being sufficient to accommodate according to the construction of train shape size
The vehicle semianechoic room 2 in compartment；The cutoff frequency of the vehicle semianechoic room 2 is not more than 50Hz, and intrinsic frequency is not higher than
3.57Hz is lower than 15dB, the test in current selected region not less than 99%, ambient noise to the vibration isolation efficiency of 50Hz excited frequency
Distance of the exemplar apart from 2 wall of vehicle semianechoic room is greater than 5m.
Step 2: the track train vehicle 1 under state of reorganizing and outfit is placed in vehicle semianechoic room 2, is allowed to make an uproar in background
Sound is low, around in the good acoustic environment without acoustic reflection, and vehicle end is subjected to sound insulation sealing with sound insulation closure tooling 3,
Ensure that the acoustic energy of sound source radiation can only be passed out from car body siding；It is metal sound insulation plate that the sound insulation, which blocks tooling 3, every
Volume numerical value need to be higher than 60dB, be higher than car body different zones oise insulation factor empirical value, and the acoustic absorptivity that sound insulation blocks tooling 3 is less than
0.1。
Step 3: choosing floor, top plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen etc. in vehicle body has similar vibration mould
One of dependency structure subsystem of state group makes the subsystem as the test sample in current selected region, and right at its
The car body outer surface random site answered pastes three reverberation field microphones 7；Since plate to be measured is in reverberation field, theoretically come
It says, it is identical for having selected the sound pressure level of plate surface any position to be measured, therefore in engineering practice, can be by be measured
Plate surface random site arranges three reverberation field microphones, passes through the test result difference of three reverberation field microphones, judgement
The reverberation state of plate surficial acoustic field to be measured, therefore, the relative positions such as spacing, direction, angle of three reverberation field microphones are closed
System is at random, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 4: the corresponding vehicle body of test sample along the direction of car body longitudinal centre line, in current selected region
Arrangement two is without sound source is directed toward, i.e. No.1 is without being directed toward sound source 5 and No. two without sound source 6 is directed toward, for generating the reverberation field in compartment
Excitation；
Step 5: adjust separately No.1 without be directed toward sound source 5 and No. two without the height for being directed toward sound source 6 and its with test sample
Distance can confirm current so that the sound pressure level difference value that three reverberation field microphones 7 obtain described in step 3 is respectively less than 1dB
Vehicle body space corresponding to the test sample of selection area produces uniform reverberation field excitation；
Step 6: according to ISO 9614-2 " acoustics-sound intensity technique measurement noise source acoustical power-part 2: scanning survey "
Given known method, upper surface, left side wall and the right side outside car body corresponding to the test sample to current selected region
Side wall carries out transmission acoustical power L respectivelywMeasurement；
Step 7: according to following formula calculate vehicle semianechoic room environment under train current selected region test sample every
Volume:
TL=Lp-6-Lw……(1)
In formula (1), TL is the oise insulation factor of the test sample with the current selected region solved, LwFor measured by step 6
The transmission acoustical power of the test sample outer surface in current selected region；LpFor step 5 it is described two without be directed toward sound source respectively according to
The mean value of the sound pressure level of the corresponding three reverberation field microphones obtained of the given test method of step 6；
Step 8: according to abovementioned steps two to step 7 exact same way, be respectively completed remaining floor, top
The sound insulation property of the test sample in the current selecteds such as plate, side wall, car door, vehicle window and windscreen region is tested.
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| CN110045025A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-23 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Large-scale wall member simulation sound insulation weight testing method based on low-temperature test case apparatus |
| CN110133111A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The sound insulation measurement device and its application method of high-speed rail siding under ultra-low temperature surroundings |
| CN113155972A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Sound insulation performance test device |
| CN113686586A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-23 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | An acoustic environment reproduction test chamber for automobiles |
| CN113790900A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-12-14 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle sound insulation performance testing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN115078545A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-20 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Sound insulation performance test method and system for vehicle |
| CN115389631A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-25 | 苏州声学产业技术研究院有限公司 | A Measuring Method for Acoustic Performance of Silent Cabin |
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| CN110133111A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The sound insulation measurement device and its application method of high-speed rail siding under ultra-low temperature surroundings |
| CN110045025B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-10-08 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Large-scale wall plate part simulation sound insulation amount test method based on low-temperature test box device |
| CN110133111B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-10-08 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Sound insulation testing device for high-speed rail wall plate in ultralow temperature environment and using method of sound insulation testing device |
| CN115078545A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-20 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Sound insulation performance test method and system for vehicle |
| CN113155972A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Sound insulation performance test device |
| CN113155972B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2025-03-18 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A sound insulation performance test device |
| CN113686586A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-23 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | An acoustic environment reproduction test chamber for automobiles |
| CN113790900A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-12-14 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle sound insulation performance testing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113790900B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2024-01-09 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle sound insulation performance test method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN115389631A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-25 | 苏州声学产业技术研究院有限公司 | A Measuring Method for Acoustic Performance of Silent Cabin |
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