CN109517590B - 变压驱替用石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂及制备方法。它具有透水不透油特性。其技术方案是：该驱油剂通过在丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物枝接石墨烯制得。制备方法是：先将丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物溶解在质量分数为5%的1‑(3‑二甲氨基丙基)‑3‑乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的DFM中，待全部溶解后加入氨基石墨烯，在‑12℃~‑8℃下反应10h，再用NaOH中和pH为6~7，真空干燥得石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物。该驱油剂制备方法简便易行，采用变压驱替新工艺，具有用量小、驱替液中水含量低的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于石油企业油田提高原油采出率的变压驱替用石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂及制备方法。
背景技术
油田为了提高原油采出率，常使用驱油剂通过驱替工艺增加油井产量。目前使用的驱油剂主要有聚合物驱油剂（胡博仲主编.聚合物驱采油工程，石油工业出版社，2004）、表面活性剂驱油剂、碱驱油剂和生物驱油剂等，也可以将这些驱油剂组合使用，称为复合驱油剂。对于聚合物驱油剂来说，主要是通过注水井先注入聚合物，使之形成“段塞”，然后再注水形成压力推动“聚合物段塞”使吸附在油藏孔道壁中的原油驱替下来，一直推至油井采出，该过程通常称为驱替。现在的问题是在油井得到的驱替液中水含量太高，特别是高含水油藏驱替液中水含量高达90%以上。高含水的原油再通过油水分层、破乳等一系列工艺处理后得到输出原油。生产成本、能耗等显著上升，还有油藏水必须经环保处理合格后返回地层或者排放到环境。本发明提出一种变压驱替工艺，并配合实施变压驱替用驱油剂，以达到油井驱替液中水含量显著变少的技术策略。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：改进聚合物驱油工艺，使油井驱替液中的水含量显著变少，特提出一种变压驱替工艺，并提供变压驱替用石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂及制备方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：首先制备一种石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物，该聚合物具有透水不透油性质，在驱替过程中通过改变压力使“聚合物段塞”前端液体中的水透过到“聚合物段塞”后端，从而保证驱替液中水含量减少。石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物构成如下：
其中x的摩尔百分比为75-85%，y的摩尔百分比为5-10%，z的摩尔百分比为2-10%，
为石墨烯。
石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
先将15g丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物溶解在50mL质量分数为5%的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的DFM中，全部溶解后加入0.25~0.85g氨基石墨烯，在-12℃~ -8℃下反应10h，再用NaOH溶液中和pH为6~7，50℃真空干燥得石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物。该聚合物具有透水不透油的特性。
本发明与现有技术相比较，其有益效果是：石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物进入油藏能够形成“聚合物段塞”，当注水增加压力时，“聚合物段塞”前端水油混合物被驱替向油井方向流动。当停止注水或减小压力后“聚合物段塞”前端的油水混合物中水便透过“聚合物段塞”向注水井方向流动。这样，经过多次变压驱替，最后驱替到油井的液体含水量很少，达到了真正驱油的目的。另外，由于石墨烯六角形蜂巢片层结构本身坚韧性和可塑性良好，枝接的石墨烯在地层孔道复杂环境中可变弯曲及疏水特性，使其聚合物段塞强度、韧性和弹性大幅度提高，驱替剂用量明显变少。变压驱替全过程如附图1所示。
附图说明
图1变压驱替工艺示意图；
图1中：1 水分子；2 聚合物段塞；3油分子；4 水分子透过聚合物段塞；5 水含量减少了的驱替液。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1
将15g丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物溶解在50mL质量分数为5%的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的DFM中，全部溶解后加入0.51g氨基石墨烯，在-10℃下反应10h，用NaOH溶液中和pH为6~7，真空干燥得14.2g石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物。实施质量百分数各为50%的油水模拟岩心变压驱替实验结果显示，原油采出液收率为87.2%，含水量质量百分数为7.2%。
对照例1
将实例1所述的石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物实施质量百分数各位50%的油水模拟岩心常规驱替实验，结果显示，原油采出液收率为88.6%，含水量质量百分数为56.8%。
对照例2
将实例1所述的丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物实施质量百分数各位50%的油水模拟岩心变压驱替实验，结果显示，原油采出液收率为84.2%，含水量质量百分数为57.2%。
Claims (1)
1.一种变压驱替用石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：先将15g丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸三元共聚物溶解在50mL质量分数为5％的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的二甲基甲酰胺中，全部溶解后，加入0.25—0.85g氨基石墨烯，在-12℃—-8℃下反应10h，再用NaOH溶液中和pH为6—7，50℃下真空干燥，得石墨烯枝接丙烯酰胺聚合物。
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