A kind of multifunctional ion liquid and the preparation method and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lubriation material fields, and in particular to a kind of multifunctional ion liquid and the preparation method and application thereof,
Ionic liquid of the invention has excellent tribological property and good copper corrosion rejection.
Background technique
Ionic liquid refers to molten salt system being in a liquid state in room temperature or near room temperature, being made of completely negative ions, one
As be relatively small inorganic by the relatively large organic cation of specific, volume and volume or organic anion passes through coulomb
Power is bonded.Compared with other solids or fluent material, its liquidus behavior and ion existence form makes it show uniqueness
Physicochemical property and distinctive function, be a kind of up-and-coming novel medium or " soft " functional material.Due to ionic liquid
One or more functions group is introduced on the cation or anion of ionic liquid by " designability ", i.e., by ionic liquid
Functionalization becomes new research hotspot, significant to designing and developing novel ion liquid lubricant.
However, but there is many cannot be neglected to ask while with excellent tribology performance for ion liquid lubricant
Topic.For example, most of ionic liquids are soluble in the biggish base oil of polarity, and in the lesser mineral oil of polarity or poly alpha olefin
Middle dissolubility is very poor.In addition, general ionic liquid has stronger surface corrosion to act on the various metals such as copper, steel, aluminium, existing skill
Art generallys use the corrosion that the additives such as copper corrosion inhibitor or antirust agent are added to inhibit ionic liquid to metal material.Mesh
Before, the domestic research report in relation to oil-soluble ionic liquid is very few, and 105254667 A of patent CN discloses a kind of function carburetion
Insoluble ionic liquid and its preparation method and application, with the quaternary phosphonium or quaternary ammonium cation of different alkyl chain lengths, anion two
Isooctyl phosphoric acid root (EDHPA), isoamyl dioctyl ester sulfonate radical (DOSS), O, O- diethyldithioposphoric acid root (DDSSP) and the moon
Cinnamic acid root has good dissolubility and greasy property in 500N and PAO10, while having certain corrosion resistance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of multifunctional ion liquid and the preparation method and application thereof, solves ionic liquid in the prior art
Body dissolubility in mineral oil or poly alpha olefin is very poor, has stronger corrosive technical problem to metal surface.
The present invention uses following scheme: the ionic liquid is indicated by the following general formula (1), and in the general formula (1), R is indicated
Any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, R1 indicate hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, phenyl
In any one, R2 indicates any one in octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl.
A method of multifunctional ion liquid is prepared, is included the following steps: benzotriazole analog derivative, fat
Aldehyde/aromatic aldehyde, high carbon chain fatty amine are added in flask according to molar ratio 1:1.1:1, and ethyl alcohol is solvent, and addition 1wt%~
The hydrochloric acid of 5wt% removes ethyl alcohol as catalyst, 50~80 DEG C of 8~12h of reaction, revolving, and extraction and separation obtain organic phase, removes acetic acid
Ethyl ester obtains intermediate product, and the intermediate product is mixed with di (isooctyl) phosphate with molar ratio 1:1, and 80~100 DEG C of reactions 2~
8h obtains the ionic liquid.
Embodiment as one preferred, the benzotriazole analog derivative are benzotriazole or 5- methyl benzo
One of triazole.
Embodiment as one preferred, the fatty aldehyde be formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, octanal,
Any one of capraldehyde, lauric aldehyde.
Embodiment as one preferred, the aromatic aldehyde are benzaldehydes.
Embodiment as one preferred, the high carbon chain fatty amine is one of oleyl amine or octadecylamine.
Application of the ionic liquid as lubricant additive, the lubricant additive is indicated by the following general formula (1), described
In general formula (1), R indicates any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, and R1 indicates hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl
Base, undecyl, any one in phenyl, R2 indicate any one in octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl.
Embodiment as one preferred, it is 0.2 wt% that the lubricant additive, which is added to the dosage in base oil,
~2wt%.
A kind of application of multifunctional ion liquid, the ionic liquid are made as copper corrosion inhibitor, the ionic liquid
Dosage for copper corrosion inhibitor is 0.1wt%~1wt%.
The copper corrosion inhibitor made of ionic liquid, the ionic liquid is by the following general formula (1) expression, the general formula
(1) in, R indicates any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, and R1 indicates hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl, ten
Any one in one alkyl, phenyl, R2 indicate any one of octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl, the ionic liquid
Dosage be 0.1wt%~1wt%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: it is simpler compared to conventional ionic liquid (fluo anion) preparation step, product at
This is lower;Oil-soluble is good, good with traditional infrastructure oil compatibility, such as with poly alpha olefin (PAO), mineral oil, polyethers, synthetic ester base
Plinth oil all has good intermiscibility, applied widely as additive;Tribological property is excellent in a variety of base oils;It is simultaneous
Have copper corrosion rejection, remains to show fabulous copper corrosion rejection in the presence of sulfur-containing additive.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention, is shown
So, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Example, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to
The scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of multifunctional ion liquid, the ionic liquid are indicated by the following general formula (1), and in the general formula (1), R is indicated
Any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, R1 indicate hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, phenyl
In any one, R2 indicates any one in octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl.
A method of multifunctional ion liquid being prepared, steps are as follows: by benzotriazole analog derivative, fatty aldehyde/virtue
Fragrant aldehyde, high carbon chain fatty amine are added in flask according to molar ratio 1:1.1:1, and ethyl alcohol is solvent, are added 1wt%~5wt%'s
Hydrochloric acid removes ethyl alcohol as catalyst, 50~80 DEG C of 8~12h of reaction, revolving, and extraction and separation obtain organic phase, removes ethyl acetate and obtains
To intermediate product, the intermediate product reacts 2~8h at 80~100 DEG C with molar ratio 1:1 with di (isooctyl) phosphate, obtains described
Ionic liquid.The benzotriazole analog derivative is one of benzotriazole or 5- methyl benzotriazazole, the rouge
Fat aldehyde is any one of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, octanal, capraldehyde, lauric aldehyde, and the aromatic aldehyde is benzene
Formaldehyde, the high carbon chain fatty amine is one of oleyl amine or octadecylamine.
Application of the ionic liquid as lubricant additive, the lubricant additive is indicated by the following general formula (1), described
In general formula (1), R indicates any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, and R1 indicates hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl
Base, undecyl, any one in phenyl, R2 indicate any one in octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl.The profit
It is 0.2wt%~2wt% that lubrication prescription additive, which is added to the dosage in base oil,.
The base oil refers to poly alpha olefin (PAO), mineral oil, polyethers, synthetic ester base oil etc., the poly alpha olefin
(PAO), PAO2, PAO4, PAO10, PAO40, PAO100, PAO150, PAO300 are primarily referred to as;The mineral oil refers to API I
Class, II class of API, III class mineral base oil of API, typically 150SN, 500N, 100N;The polyethers, be primarily referred to as OSP46,
OSP68;The synthetic ester refers to dibasic acid esters, trimellitate, polyol ester, typically Plexol 201, trimellitic acid
One of different monooctyl ester, tricarboxymethyl propane oleate.It can be seen that present invention also provides a kind of lubricants.
Further, a kind of application of multifunctional ion liquid, the ionic liquid as copper corrosion inhibitor, it is described from
Sub- liquid is 0.1wt%~1wt% as the dosage of copper corrosion inhibitor.
The copper corrosion inhibitor made of ionic liquid, the ionic liquid is by the following general formula (1) expression, the general formula
(1) in, R indicates any one in hydrogen atom or methyl, and R1 indicates hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl, ten
Any one in one alkyl, phenyl, R2 indicate any one of octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl, the ionic liquid
Dosage be 0.1wt%~1wt%.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of multifunctional ion liquid, by benzotriazole 11.9g, formalin 8.9g, oleyl amine 26.7g
250ml single-necked flask is added, ethyl alcohol 100g and 0.475g hydrochloric acid, 50 degree of stirring 12h is added, reaction terminates.Revolving removes ethyl alcohol.
It is gradually added into the saturated sodium bicarbonate solution of hydrochloric acid equimolar amounts into flask, and is stirred continuously, adds 100ml ethyl acetate
Three times acquisition organic phases are washed in extraction, and revolving removes ethyl acetate, and obtaining weak yellow liquid product N-, (benzotriazole -1- is sub-
Methyl) oleyl amine.Take product 19.9g, dioctylphosphoric acid ester 16.1g that 100ml single-necked flask is added, 100 degree of stirring 2h obtain ion
Liquid.
The resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps is added in base oil as antiwear additive, dosage is as lubricant
0.2wt%~2wt%.
For the resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps as copper corrosion inhibitor, dosage is 0.1wt%~1wt%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of multifunctional ion liquid, by benzotriazole 11.9g, paraformaldehyde 3.3g, octadecylamine
250ml single-necked flask is added in 26.9g, and ethyl alcohol 100g and hydrochloric acid 0.475g, 80 degree of stirring 6h is added, and reaction terminates.Revolving removes
Ethyl alcohol.It is gradually added into the saturated sodium bicarbonate solution of hydrochloric acid equimolar amounts into flask, and is stirred continuously, 100ml is added later
Ethyl acetate extraction, washes three times acquisition organic phases, and revolving removes ethyl acetate, obtains faint yellow solid product N- (benzo three
Nitrogen azoles -1- methylene) octadecylamine.Take product 20g, dioctylphosphoric acid ester 16.1g that 100ml single-necked flask, 100 degree of stirrings are added
4h obtains ionic liquid.
The resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps is added in base oil as antiwear additive, dosage is as lubricant
0.2wt%~2wt%.
For the resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps as copper corrosion inhibitor, dosage is 0.1wt%~1wt%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of multifunctional ion liquid, by 5- methyl benzotriazazole 13.32g, 7.93 g of n-butanal, oil
250ml single-necked flask is added in amine 26.7g, and ethyl alcohol 100g and hydrochloric acid 0.916g, 70 degree of stirring 8h is added, and reaction terminates.Revolving is removed
Remove ethyl alcohol.It is gradually added into the saturated sodium bicarbonate solution of hydrochloric acid equimolar amounts into flask and is stirred continuously, acetic acid is added later
Ethyl ester 100ml extraction, washes three times acquisition organic phases, and revolving removes ethyl acetate and obtains weak yellow liquid product 1- (5- methyl
Benzotriazole -1- (propyl) methine) oleyl amine, it takes product 22.7g, dioctylphosphoric acid ester 16.1g that 100ml single port is added and burns
Bottle, 80 degree of stirring 8h obtain ionic liquid.
The resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps is added in base oil as antiwear additive, dosage is as lubricant
0.2wt%~2wt%.
For the resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps as copper corrosion inhibitor, dosage is 0.1wt%~1wt%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of multifunctional ion liquid, by benzotriazole 5.95g, benzaldehyde 5.84g, oleyl amine 13.35g
It is added in 150ml single-necked flask, ethyl alcohol 50g and hydrochloric acid 1.23g, 80 degree of stirring 10h is added, reaction terminates.Revolving removes second
Alcohol is gradually added into the saturated sodium bicarbonate solution of hydrochloric acid equimolar amounts and is stirred continuously, and 100ml ethyl acetate extraction is added later
It takes, washes three times acquisition organic phases, revolving removes ethyl acetate, and obtaining faint yellow product N-, (benzotriazole -1- (phenyl) is secondary
Methyl) oleyl amine.Take product 11.85g, dioctylphosphoric acid ester 8.05g that 50ml single-necked flask is added, 90 degree of stirring 6h obtain ion
Liquid.
The resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps is added in base oil as antiwear additive, dosage is as lubricant
0.2wt%~2wt%.
For the resulting ionic liquid of above-mentioned steps as copper corrosion inhibitor, dosage is 0.1wt%~1wt%.
The obtained ionic liquid of embodiment 1-4, as shown in general formula (1), in the general formula (1), R indicates hydrogen atom or first
Any one in base, R1 indicate hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl, amyl, heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, any one in phenyl
It plants, any one in R2 expression octadecyl or 9- alkene octadecyl.
Experimental example
In order to further illustrate the performance of prepared ionic liquid, from dissolubility, antiwear and antifriction, corrosion resistance three
Aspect is tested.
Solubility experiment
There is good dissolubility in base oil, the ionic liquid of embodiment 1-4 is in multiple types base oil
Dissolubility of 1 ionic liquid of table in different type base oil
Dissolubility be shown in Table 1.
From the results shown in Table 1,1 to 4 gained ionic liquid of embodiment shows in different types of base oil
Excellent solubility property out.
Apply the frictional wear experiment of the ionic liquid of example 1 and embodiment 2
Using Xiamen nature's mystery produce four-ball friction and wear test machine, to embodiment 1-2 preparation ionic liquid in poly- α-
Frictional behaviour in alkene and mineral oil is determined, steel ball material GCR15, and diameter is 12.7 mm, hardness HRC59-
61, experimental condition are as follows: load 392N, temperature is 25 DEG C, time 30min, revolving speed 1200r/min.
Using 1 ionic liquid of embodiment as the additive of PAO4 as experimental group, it is not added with ionic liquid
2 embodiment of table, 1 ionic liquid is used for the antiwear and antifriction effect of PAO4 additive
As a control group, two groups of average friction coefficients and wear scar diameter size under steel/steel-steel pair are shown in Table 2 to PAO4.
As can be seen from Table 2, the average friction coefficient for being not added with the PAO4 of ionic liquid is 0.075, wear scar diameter is
0.631mm.Compared with PAO4, it is added to not the PAO4 antifriction of 1 ionic liquid of same amount embodiment and anti-wear effect and significantly improves, from
When sub- liquid additive amount is 0.5wt%, average friction coefficient minimum 0.060, friction reducing effect is best, additive amount 0.2wt%
When, wear scar diameter minimum 0.326, anti-wear effect is best.
Using 2 ionic liquid of embodiment as the additive of mineral oil 500N as experimental group, it is not added with the mine of ionic liquid
Object oil 500N group as a comparison, two groups of average friction coefficients and wear scar diameter under steel/steel-steel pair
3 embodiment of table, 2 ionic liquid is used as the antiwear and antifriction effect of mineral oil 500N additive
Size is shown in Table 3.
Seen from table 3, the experimental results showed that, the 500N of 2 gained ionic liquid of embodiment is added, and is not added with ionic liquid
500N compare, antifriction and abrasion resistance have significant raising.When wherein 2 ionic liquid additive amount of embodiment is 2wt%,
Average friction coefficient minimum 0.066, friction reducing effect is best;When additive amount is 0.5wt%, wear scar diameter minimum 0.313 resists
It is best to grind effect.
The frictional wear experiment of the ionic liquid of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4
Embodiment 3-4 system is evaluated using the SRV-V micro-vibration friction wear testing machine of German optimol grease company production
Friction and wear behavior of the standby ionic liquid as lubricant additive.Wherein upper friction pair steel ball is diameter 10mm GCr15
(SAE52100) steel ball, secondary lower friction is bloom, and hardness is in HRC59-61.Experimental condition: load 200N, temperature 100
DEG C, time 30min, frequency 25Hz.
3 ionic liquid of embodiment is as OSP46 additive as experimental group, and experimental group is 4 groups, and every group of additive amount is different,
Group, the average friction coefficient and wear volume of experimental group and contrast groups under steel/steel-steel pair are shown in Table 4 to OSP46 as a comparison.
4 embodiment of table, 3 ionic liquid is used as the antiwear and antifriction effect of OSP46 additive
By table 4 as it can be seen that compared with base oil OSP46, it is added to the OSP46 antifriction and wear resistence of 3 ionic liquid of embodiment
It can all be greatly improved.When wherein additive amount is 2wt%, average friction coefficient is minimum, and friction reducing effect is best.Additive amount is
When 2wt%, wear volume is minimum, and anti-wear effect is best.
As Plexol 201 additive as experimental group, experimental group totally 4 groups add 4 ionic liquid of embodiment
Dosage is different, is not added with the Plexol 201 of ionic liquid group as a comparison, experimental condition are as follows: load 200N, temperature
It is 25 DEG C, time 30min, frequency 25Hz.The average friction coefficient and mill of experimental group and contrast groups under steel/steel-steel pair
Damage volume is shown in Table 5.
5 embodiment of table, 4 ionic liquid is used as the antiwear and antifriction effect of Plexol 201 additive
By table 5 as it can be seen that compared with Plexol 201, it is added to the Plexol 201 of 4 ionic liquid of embodiment
It all increases in terms of antifriction and abrasion resistance.Wherein additive amount is 0.5wt%, and average friction coefficient is minimum, friction reducing effect
Most preferably;Additive amount is 0.5wt%, and wear volume is minimum, and anti-wear effect is best.
Copper corrosion experiment
The ionic liquid of embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 preparation is resisted by copper strip test (GB/T 7326-87)
The evaluation of corrosive nature.Further to investigate prepared effect of the ionic liquid as copper corrosion inhibitor, by base oil points
It Jia Ru not sulfur-containing additive RC2540, RC2526, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, sulfide isobutene progress copper strip test.
RC2540, RC2526 are Rhein Chemie Corporation's additive trade mark, belong to active sulfur additives, wherein in addition RC25401wt%
PAO4 on the basis of, be not added with group 1 as a comparison of ionic liquid, addition 1 ionic liquid 1wt% of experimental example as experimental group 1,
Carry out corrosion resistance comparison;On the basis of adding the 500N of RC25261wt%, group 2 as a comparison of ionic liquid are not added with,
2 ionic liquid 0.8wt% of experimental example is added as experimental group 2, corrosion resistance performance is carried out and compares;In addition dialkyl dithio
On the basis of the OSP46 of trbasic zinc phosphate 1wt%, group 3 as a comparison of ionic liquid are not added with, add 3 ionic liquid of experimental example
0.5wt% is as experimental group 3;On the basis of adding the Plexol 201 of sulfide isobutene 1wt%, it is not added with ionic liquid
As a comparison 4, add the conduct experimental group 4 of 4 ionic liquid 0.1wt% of embodiment.Above-mentioned group of other copper strip test knot
Fruit is shown in Table 6.
6 copper strip test result of table
By table 6 as it can be seen that compared with contrast groups 1, the copper corrosion grade of experimental group 1 drops to 1b from 4b;With 2 phase of contrast groups
Than the copper corrosion grade of experimental group 2 is down to 1b from 4a;Compared with contrast groups 3, the copper corrosion grade of experimental group 3 is dropped from 3a
To 1b;Compared with contrast groups 4, the copper corrosion grade of experimental group 4 is down to 1a from 1b.Therefore, embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 is made
Standby ionic liquid has preferable corrosion resistance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.