CN109489697B - A capacitive sensor that can recognize body movements - Google Patents
A capacitive sensor that can recognize body movements Download PDFInfo
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- CN109489697B CN109489697B CN201811412818.9A CN201811412818A CN109489697B CN 109489697 B CN109489697 B CN 109489697B CN 201811412818 A CN201811412818 A CN 201811412818A CN 109489697 B CN109489697 B CN 109489697B
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
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Abstract
The invention provides a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb actions, which comprises at least three electrodes, wherein at least two capacitors are formed, the electrodes are arranged on the surface and/or inside of a hard material, the at least three electrodes of the at least two capacitors are arranged in a mode that the limb at least covers an effective acting area S1 of electric field lines of one capacitor when in contact, the limb enables the change rate of capacitance values of the rest at least one capacitor to be large enough to be detected when in pressing, and a touch area is arranged on the hard material in an area corresponding to the effective acting area S1. The invention has the beneficial effects that the limb is deformed according to the fact that the limb is made of the flexible material, when the limb presses the hard material, the contact area between the limb and the hard material is changed, and the capacitance values of a plurality of capacitors arranged in or on the hard material are changed to different degrees, so that the capacitance sensor can judge the action type of the limb according to the change degree of the capacitance values of different capacitors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb movements.
Background
The existing capacitive sensors for identifying the types of the approaching actions of the limbs are arranged on the flexible material, the arrangement mode is that the surfaces of the flexible material deform according to the contact of the limbs and the flexible material provided with the capacitive sensors, so that the capacitance value of a capacitor changes due to the change of the vertical distance between two electrodes of the capacitive sensors, and the pressing action of the limbs is judged.
The capacitive sensor arranged on the flexible material has limited application occasions, and in many occasions, such as automobile glass, electromagnetic ovens and washing machines, the sensor for judging the approaching action of the limbs cannot be used, so that the capacitive sensor which can be arranged on the hard material and judge the action type of the limbs is developed, and further, the capacitive sensor with different functions of the product is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb actions.
The invention relates to a capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb actions, which has the technical scheme that:
A capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb actions is characterized by comprising at least three electrodes, wherein the electrodes form at least two capacitors, the electrodes are arranged on the surface and/or inside of a hard material, the capacitive sensor can identify approaching, contact and pressing actions of limbs according to the change degree of capacitance values of different capacitors, and the at least three electrodes forming the at least two capacitors are arranged in a way that the effective action area S1 of electric field lines of at least one capacitor is covered by the limbs when in contact, and the change rate of the capacitance values of the other at least one capacitor is large enough to be detected when in pressing.
The invention provides a capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb actions, which also comprises the following auxiliary technical schemes:
The arrangement of at least three electrodes enables limbs to cover more than 90% of the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of one capacitor at least when in contact, and the limbs also cover more than 30% of the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the other at least one capacitor at the same time when in pressing, wherein S1 is less than 9mm 2.
Wherein at least one electrode is disposed on a first plane and the remaining electrodes are disposed on a second plane.
Wherein the internal distance d between two electrodes of the capacitor is not less than 1/2 of the distance h from the plane of the electrodes to the touch plane.
The hard material is provided with a touch mark in a region corresponding to the effective action area S1, and the touch mark is a printing, etching, pasting, projection or lamplight mark.
Wherein the electrode is an open electrode or a closed electrode.
Wherein, when the electrode is arranged on the upper surface of the hard material, the upper surface of the hard material is provided with a plastic film.
The glass comprises an outer layer glass plate and an inner layer glass plate, and is characterized in that the capacitive sensor is arranged between the outer layer glass plate and the inner layer glass plate.
An automobile is characterized in that, the automobile comprises the glass.
The ceramic panel is characterized in that the capacitive sensor is arranged on the lower surface of the ceramic panel.
The acrylic panel is characterized in that the capacitive sensor is arranged on the lower surface of the acrylic panel.
A household appliance is characterized in that the household appliance comprises the glass, or the household appliance comprises the ceramic panel, or the household appliance comprises the acrylic panel.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following technical effects:
the application sets at least three electrodes on the surface or inside of hard material to form at least two capacitors, the capacitance sensor judges the action category of limbs through the change degree of capacitance value of at least two capacitors, the application is based on the fact that the limbs are flexible material, when the limbs press hard material, the limbs can deform, thus the contact area of the limbs and hard material changes, and the capacitance value of a plurality of capacitors arranged in or on the hard material changes to different degrees, concretely, the application sets at least three electrodes to cover the effective action area of electric field line of one capacitor when contacting, the change rate of capacitance value of the rest at least one capacitor is large enough to be detected when pressing, thus the capacitance sensor provided by the application can judge the action category of limbs according to the change degree of capacitance value of a plurality of capacitors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes three electrodes disposed on the same plane.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electrodes of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes three electrodes disposed on different planes.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 1 or 2, wherein the electrode is a strip electrode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 1 or 2, wherein the electrode is a ring electrode.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes four electrodes disposed on the same plane.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electrodes of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes four electrodes disposed on different planes.
Fig. 9 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 7 or 8, wherein the electrode is a strip electrode.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 7 or 8, the electrode being a ring electrode.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of electrodes of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes six electrodes disposed on the same plane.
Fig. 14 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 13, the electrode being a strip electrode.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 13, the electrode being a ring electrode.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes three electrodes disposed on the same plane, a first electrode and a second electrode forming a first capacitor C1, and a second electrode and a third electrode forming a second capacitive sensor C2.
Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes three electrodes disposed on different planes, a first electrode and a second electrode forming a first capacitor C1, and a second electrode and a third electrode forming a second capacitive sensor C2.
Fig. 20 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 18 or 19, the electrode being a strip electrode.
Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the effective area of the electric field lines in the figure.
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes four electrodes disposed on the same plane, a first electrode and a second electrode forming a first capacitor C1, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode forming a second capacitive sensor C2.
Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes four electrodes disposed on different planes, a first electrode and a second electrode forming a first capacitor C1, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode forming a second capacitive sensor C2.
Fig. 24 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 22 or 23, the electrode being a strip electrode.
Fig. 25 is a schematic view of the effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 24.
Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode distribution of a capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to the present invention, which includes six electrodes disposed on the same plane, a first electrode and a second electrode form a first capacitor C1, a third electrode and a fourth electrode form a second capacitive sensor C2, and a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode form a third capacitor C3.
Fig. 27 is a top view of the electrode of fig. 26, the electrode being a strip electrode.
Fig. 28 is a schematic view of the effective area of the electric field lines in fig. 27.
Fig. 29 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a sensor is provided between double glass layers.
Fig. 30 is a schematic view of a sensor disposed on the lower surface of a hard material such as ceramic or acryl.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it being pointed out that the embodiments described are intended only to facilitate an understanding of the invention and do not in any way limit it.
The orientation of the present application is described above, below, left and right by referring to the drawings, and is not limited to the protection scope.
The capacitive sensor capable of identifying limb actions comprises at least three electrodes, wherein the electrodes form at least two capacitors, the electrodes are arranged on the surface and/or inside of a hard material, the capacitive sensor can identify approaching, contact and pressing actions of the limb according to the change degrees of capacitance values of different capacitors, the at least three electrodes forming the at least two capacitors are arranged in a mode that the limb covers at least an effective acting area S1 of electric field lines of one capacitor when in contact, and the change rate of the capacitance value of the other at least one capacitor is large enough to be detected when in pressing. The application sets at least three electrodes on the surface or inside of hard material to form at least two capacitors, the capacitance sensor judges the action category of limbs through the change degree of capacitance value of at least two capacitors, the application is based on the fact that the limbs are flexible material, when the limbs press hard material, the limbs can deform, thus the contact area of the limbs and hard material changes, and the capacitance value of a plurality of capacitors arranged in or on the hard material changes to different degrees, concretely, the application sets at least three electrodes to enable the limbs to cover at least the effective action area S1 of electric field line of one capacitor when contacting, and the change rate of capacitance value of the rest at least one capacitor is large enough to be detected when pressing, thus the capacitance sensor provided by the application can judge the action category of limbs according to the change degree of capacitance value of a plurality of capacitors.
In the present invention, the capacitive sensor includes at least two capacitive sensors, and in fact, the capacitive sensor in the present invention may include a plurality of capacitors having a relationship of inclusion, intersection, and separation between effective areas of electric field lines of the plurality of capacitors.
Preferably, at least three of the electrodes are arranged such that the limb covers at least more than 90% of the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of one of the capacitors when in contact, and more than 30% of the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the remaining at least one capacitor when pressed, wherein S1<9mm 2.
Wherein the internal distance d between the two electrodes of the capacitor is not less than 1/2 of the distance h from the plane in which the electrodes are located to the touch plane.
The hard material is provided with a touch mark in a region corresponding to the effective action area S1, and the touch mark is a printing, etching, pasting, projection or lamplight mark.
Preferably, the electrode is an open electrode or a closed electrode. When the electrode is an open electrode, the cross section of the electrode can be rectangular, triangular, polygonal or any other shape, and when the electrode is a closed electrode, the electrode can be a circular ring electrode, a rectangular ring electrode, a polygonal ring electrode or any other ring electrode.
When the electrode is arranged on the upper surface of the hard material, a plastic film or insulating paint is arranged on the upper surface of the hard material.
The relationship between the electrode distribution and the effective area of the electric field lines of the present invention is described in detail below with specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the capacitive sensor comprises a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a third electrode 3, wherein the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are arranged on the same plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 form a second capacitor C2, the inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, the inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 is d2, the distances from the plane of the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 to the touch plane are h1, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the effective acting area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, the effective acting area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, wherein d1, d2, h1, S1 and S2 satisfy the following relations that h1 d 1h 1/2, d2, S1/S1 and S2 are equal to or greater than or equal to 5 mm and S1/9 mm is greater than or equal to 5 mm and S1/25 mm is contained. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field line of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode, but does not enter the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode continuously changes from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is substantially kept unchanged or changed to be small, at this time, the limb approaches, when the limb enters the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode and lightly presses the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is changed from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, at this time, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode is continuously changed to be kept in contact with the limb, and when the capacitance value of the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed to have a larger change, the contact with the limb is substantially unchanged or the larger change, and the contact area between the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact with the limb is continuously changed to have a larger change, and the capacitance value is formed by the first electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact area.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, and a third electrode 3, where the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 are disposed on a first plane, the second electrode 2 is disposed on a second plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 form a second capacitor C2, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 is d2, distances from planes of the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 to a touch plane are all h1, distances from planes of the third electrode to the touch plane are h2, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, an effective area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, and an effective area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2; wherein d1, d2, h1, S2 satisfy the following relations that h2> d1> h2/2, d2> h1, d2> d1, S2/S1 is more than or equal to 5, S1<9mm 2,S2<200mm2, S1 is contained in S2. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field line of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode, but does not enter the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode continuously changes from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is substantially kept unchanged or changed to be small, at this time, the limb approaches, when the limb enters the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode and lightly presses the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is changed from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, at this time, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the third electrode is continuously changed to be kept in contact with the limb, and when the capacitance value of the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed to have a larger change, the contact with the limb is substantially unchanged or the larger change, and the contact area between the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact with the limb is continuously changed to have a larger change, and the capacitance value is formed by the first electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact area.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 9, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 3, and a fourth electrode 4, where the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, and the fourth electrode 4 are disposed on a same plane, the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 form a second capacitor C2, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 form a first capacitor C1, an inner distance between the first electrode and the fourth electrode is d2, an inner distance between the second electrode and the third electrode is d1, and distances from a plane where the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, and the fourth electrode 4 are all h1 to a touch plane, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, an effective area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, and an effective area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2; wherein d1, d2, h1, S2 satisfy the following relations that h1> d1> h1/2, d2> h1, S2/S1 is more than or equal to 5, S2 is less than 200mm 2,S1<9mm2, and S1 is contained in S2. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field line of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode, but does not enter the range of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode continuously changes from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is substantially maintained unchanged or changed to be small, and at this time, the limb approach can be determined, when the limb enters the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and at this time, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode is continuously changed to keep a larger change, and the contact with the limb can be determined to be substantially unchanged, and the contact with the limb is substantially changed to have a larger change between the capacitance value of the first electrode and the fourth electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact area, and the contact with the limb is continuously changed from substantially to have a smaller contact with the first electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact area is formed between the first electrode and the first electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact with the capacitance value is changed to have a larger contact value.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 8, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 3, and a fourth electrode 4, where the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 are disposed on a first plane, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are disposed on a second plane, the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 form a second capacitor C2, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 form a first capacitor C1, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 is d2, an inner distance between the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 is d1, distances from planes of the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 to a touch plane are all h1, distances from planes of the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 to the touch plane are all h2, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, an effective area of an electric field line of the first capacitor C1 is S1, and an effective area of an electric field line of the second capacitor C2 is S2; wherein d1, d2, h1, h2, S1, S2 satisfy the following relations that h2> d1> h2/2, d2> h1, d2> d1, S2/S1 is more than or equal to 5, S2<200mm 2,S1<9mm2, S1 is contained in S2. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode, but does not enter the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode changes greatly from substantially unchanged to beginning, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode remains substantially unchanged or changes little, so that the limb approach can be determined; when a limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed greatly from a basically unchanged state to a state that the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode continuously keeps changing greatly, and the limb contact can be judged, when the limb is contacted and the surface is continuously pressed with force, the limb is deformed, so that the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, at the moment, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed from a basically unchanged state or is small, because the contact area between the limb and the second electrode and the third electrode is basically unchanged, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode and the fourth electrode continuously keeps changing greatly, because the contact area between the limb and the first electrode and the fourth electrode is obviously increased, at this time, the pressing action of the limb is determined.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 13, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 2, a fourth electrode 4, a fifth electrode 5, and a sixth electrode 6, wherein the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5, and the sixth electrode 6 are disposed on the same plane, the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 form a third capacitor C3, the second electrode 1 and the fifth electrode 5 form a second capacitor C2, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 form a first capacitor C1, an inner space between the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 is d3, an inner space between the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 4 is d2, an inner space between the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is d1, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 5 form a second capacitor C2, and the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 form a first capacitor C1, The distances from the plane of the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 to the touch plane are all h1, as shown in fig. 15 and 17, the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, and the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the third capacitor C3 is S3, wherein d1, d2, h1, S2 and S3 satisfy the following relations that h1> d1> h1/2, d3> d2> d1, S2/S1>2, S3/S2>2, S1<9mm 2,S3<200mm2, and S1 is contained in S2 and S3. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 is significantly changed and the capacitance values of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5 and the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are substantially maintained or changed little when the limb enters the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 and the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5 is not entered, and the limb approach can be determined, And the effective area of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is slightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance values of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5 and the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are changed greatly from the basic state to the initial state, and the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 is continuously changed greatly, so that limb contact can be judged, when the limb contact is carried out, the limb is deformed when the surface of the hard material is continuously pressed with force, so that the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, and at the moment, the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 will vary from large to substantially unchanged or little because the contact area between the limb and the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4 and the fifth electrode 5 is substantially unchanged, while the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6 will continue to vary greatly because the contact area between the limb and the first electrode and the sixth electrode is significantly increased, at which time the pressing action of the limb is determined.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 18 and 20, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a third electrode 3, where the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are disposed on the same plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 form a second capacitor C2, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, an inner distance between the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 is d2, and distances from the plane of the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 to the touch plane are all h1, as shown in fig. 21, an effective area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, and an effective area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, where d1, d2, h1, S1 and S2 satisfy the following relationship that h1> d1=d2h1/2, S1=s1 and S2S 1> S 2 mm. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, but does not enter the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode changes greatly from substantially unchanged to beginning, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode remains substantially unchanged or changes little, so that the limb approach can be determined; when a limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed greatly from the basic unchanged state to the initial state, meanwhile, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed greatly, the limb contact can be judged, when the limb is continuously pressed hard material surface forcefully after being contacted, the limb is deformed, the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed from the larger state to the basic unchanged state or the smaller state, the contact area between the limb and the second electrode is basically unchanged, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed greatly, the contact area between the limb and the first electrode is obviously increased, and the limb pressing action is judged.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 19, the capacitive sensor comprises a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a third electrode 3, wherein the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 are arranged on a first plane, the second electrode 2 is arranged on a second plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 form a second capacitor C2, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, an inner distance between the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 is d2, distances from a plane of the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 to a touch plane are h1, distances from a plane of the second electrode 2 to the touch plane are h2, as shown in fig. 21, an effective area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, an effective area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, wherein d1, d2, h1 and h2 satisfy the following relation S1, S2 and S2 = S2, S2 h2 and S2 h2, and S2 h1 and S2 h2, wherein the following relation S1, S2 and S2 h2 = 2h 1 and S2 h2 and S2 h 1. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, but does not enter the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode changes greatly from substantially unchanged to beginning, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode remains substantially unchanged or changes little, so that the limb approach can be determined; when a limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed greatly from the basic unchanged state to the initial changed state, meanwhile, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously kept changed greatly, the limb contact can be judged, when the limb is contacted and is continuously pressed hard material surface forcefully, the limb is deformed, the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode and the third electrode is changed from the larger state to the basic unchanged state or the smaller state, the contact area between the limb and the first electrode is basically unchanged, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed greatly, the contact area between the limb and the second electrode is obviously increased, and the limb pressing action is judged.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 22, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 3 and a fourth electrode 4, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are disposed on a same plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 form a second capacitor C2, an inner distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is d1, an inner distance between the third electrode and the fourth electrode is d2, and distances from a plane where the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are all h1 to a touch plane are all h1, as shown in fig. 25, an effective area of electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, an effective area of electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, wherein d1, d2, h1, S2 satisfy the following relation that h1 d1 = d 2/S1/S2, S1 = S2 m2, S1 = S2 m 25 > S2, and S2 mm 2. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective acting area S1 of the electric field line of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, but does not enter the range of the electric field line of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode continuously changes from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode is substantially maintained unchanged or changed to have a smaller change, and when the limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field line of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode continuously changes from substantially unchanged to start to have a larger change, and when the limb contacts the limb is in contact with the first electrode, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 is substantially maintained unchanged or changed to have a smaller change, and the contact area between the first electrode and the limb is continuously changed to have a larger change, and the contact area is substantially increased to keep the contact with the limb is not changed to have a larger change, and the contact area is continuously changed from the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed to have a larger contact with the capacitance value.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 23, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 3, and a fourth electrode 4, where the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 are disposed on a first plane, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are disposed on a second plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 form a second capacitor C2, an inner distance between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, an inner distance between the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is d2, distances from planes of the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 to a touch plane are all h1, distances from planes of the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 to the touch plane are all h2, as shown in fig. 25, an effective area of an electric field line of the first capacitor C1 is S1, an effective area of an electric field line of the second capacitor C2 is S2, and a distance between the planes of the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is S2, and a distance S2 is S2, S2 and a distance between the planes of S2 and S2 h2 are satisfied, S2 and S2 h2 and S2 1/2 h2 are satisfied, and S2 h2 = 1 h 2. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode, but does not enter the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode changes greatly from substantially unchanged to beginning, and the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode remains substantially unchanged or changes little, so that the limb approach can be determined; when a limb enters the effective acting area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode and lightly presses the surface of the hard material, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode is changed greatly from the basic unchanged to the initial changed, meanwhile, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed greatly, the limb contact can be judged, when the limb is contacted, the limb is deformed when the surface is continuously pressed forcefully, the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, at the moment, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode is changed from the larger to the basic unchanged or is changed little, because the contact area between the limb and the second electrode is basically unchanged, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode and the second electrode is continuously changed greatly, because the contact area between the first electrode and the second electrode is obviously increased, and the pressing action of the limb is judged.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 26, the capacitive sensor comprises a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 2, a fourth electrode 4, a fifth electrode 5 and a sixth electrode 6, wherein the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 are arranged on the same plane, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 form a first capacitor C1, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 form a second capacitor C2, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 form a third capacitor C3, the inner space between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is d1, the inner space between the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is d2, the inner space between the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 is d3, the first electrode 1, the distances from the plane of the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 to the touch plane are all h1, as shown in fig. 28, the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 is S1, the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 is S2, and the effective acting area of the electric field lines of the third capacitor C3 is S3, wherein d1, d2, d3, h1, S2 and S3 satisfy the following relationship that h1> d1=d2=d3 > h1/2, s1=s2=s3 <9mm 2, S1 is separated from S2, and S2 is separated from S3. In this embodiment, when the limb approaches the hard material, the limb enters the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, or the limb enters the third capacitor C3 formed by the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6, when the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode and the fourth electrode is not entered, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 is changed significantly, or the third capacitor C3 formed by the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 and the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4, And the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 is basically kept unchanged or changed little, when the limb is close, when the limb enters the coverage area S2 of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 and is lightly pressed to the surface of the hard material, the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 can be changed greatly from basically unchanged to beginning, and simultaneously the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4, the capacitance value of the third electrode 4 and the fourth electrode 4 are changed greatly, And the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 is continuously kept in a large variation, and it can be determined that the limb is in contact, when the surface of the hard material is continuously pressed with force after the limb is in contact, the limb is deformed, so that the contact area between the limb and the hard material is obviously increased, at this time, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is continuously changed from a large variation to a substantially constant or small variation, because the contact area between the limb and the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 is substantially unchanged, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, or the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 formed by the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 is continuously kept in a large variation, because the contact area between the limb and the first electrode and the second electrode is obviously increased, or the contact area between the limb and the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode is obviously increased, and it is determined that the limb is pressed.
Preferably, the capacitive sensor comprises a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a third electrode 3, as shown in fig. 1, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 being arranged on the same plane, or the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 being arranged on a first plane and the second electrode 2 being arranged on a second plane, as shown in fig. 2.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are each a strip-shaped electrode, the electric field line effective area S1 of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 and the electric field line effective area S2 of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 are each a ring-shaped electrode, as shown in fig. 4, or the electric field line effective area S1 of the first capacitor C1 formed by the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 and the electric field line effective area S2 of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 are each a ring-shaped electrode, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 3, and a fourth electrode 4, as shown in fig. 7, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, and the fourth electrode 4 being disposed on the same plane, or the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 being disposed on a first plane, and the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 being disposed on a second plane, as shown in fig. 8.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 9, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are each a strip-shaped electrode, the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 and the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are each a ring-shaped electrode, as shown in fig. 10, or as shown in fig. 11, the effective area S2 of the electric field lines of the second capacitor C2 formed by the first electrode 1 and the fourth electrode 4 and the effective area S1 of the electric field lines of the first capacitor C1 formed by the second electrode 2 and the third electrode 3 are each a ring-shaped electrode, as shown in fig. 12.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 13, the capacitive sensor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a third electrode 2, a fourth electrode 4, a fifth electrode 5, and a sixth electrode 6, and the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5, and the sixth electrode 6 are disposed on the same plane.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 14, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 are each strip-shaped electrodes, the electric field line effective area S3 of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6, the electric field line effective area S2 of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5 and the electric field line effective area S1 of the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are each shown in fig. 15, or the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 3, the fourth electrode 4, the fifth electrode 5 and the sixth electrode 6 are each ring-shaped electrodes, the electric field line effective area S3 of the third capacitor C3 formed by the first electrode 1 and the sixth electrode 6, the electric field line effective area S2 of the second capacitor C2 formed by the second electrode 2 and the fifth electrode 5 and the electric field line effective area S1 of the first capacitor C1 formed by the third electrode 3 and the fourth electrode 4 are each shown in fig. 17.
Wherein the hard material is glass, acrylic, plastic, wood, ceramic or marble, and the electrode is a strip electrode or a closed electrode.
In the present invention, as shown at 29, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 for forming capacitive sensing are provided between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 by providing an ITO film or etching a circuit on the conductive layer.
In the present invention, as shown at 30, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 for forming the capacitive sensor are provided on the lower surface of a hard material 13 such as ceramic or acryl. When the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 for forming the capacitive sensor are disposed on the lower surface of an opaque material such as ceramic, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 may be made of any conductive material such as PCB, FPC, etc., and when the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 for forming the capacitive sensor are disposed on the lower surface of a transparent material such as acryl, the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, the third electrode 2, and the fourth electrode 4 are required to be made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO, etc.
The application also provides glass, and the improvement point only relates to the arrangement of the capacitive sensor on the glass, and other components can adopt the mature technology in the prior art. Therefore, the present application will not be described with respect to other parts of the vehicle.
The application also provides an automobile, and the improvement point only relates to the improvement of the glass on the automobile, and other parts can adopt the mature technology in the prior art. Therefore, the present application will not be described with respect to other parts of the vehicle.
The application also provides a ceramic panel, and the improvement point only relates to the arrangement of the capacitive sensor on the lower surface of the ceramic panel, and other components can adopt the mature technology in the prior art. Therefore, the present application will not be described with respect to other parts of the vehicle.
The application also provides an acrylic panel, and the improvement point only relates to the arrangement of the capacitive sensor on the lower surface of the acrylic panel, and other parts can adopt the more mature technology in the prior art. Therefore, the present application will not describe other parts of the vehicle
The application also provides a household appliance, which only relates to the improvement of the upper panel of the household appliance at the improvement point, and other parts can adopt the mature technology in the prior art. Therefore, the present application will not be described with respect to other parts of the vehicle.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb actions is characterized by comprising at least three electrodes, wherein the electrodes form at least two capacitors, the electrodes are arranged on the surface and/or inside of a hard material, a touch mark is arranged on the hard material in a region corresponding to an effective acting area S1, the capacitive sensor can recognize approaching, contact and pressing actions of a limb according to the change degree of capacitance values of different capacitors, at least three electrodes form at least two capacitors, the arrangement of the electrodes is that the limb covers at least more than 90% of the effective acting area S1 of an electric field line of one capacitor when in contact, and the change rate of the capacitance value of the other at least one capacitor is large enough to be detected when in pressing, and the electric field line effective acting area S2 of the other at least one capacitor is covered at the same time.
2. A capacitive sensor capable of recognizing limb movements according to claim 1, wherein S1<9mm 2.
3. A capacitive sensor for recognizing motion of a limb according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one electrode is disposed in a first plane and the remaining electrodes are disposed in a second plane.
4. A capacitive sensor for recognizing motion of a limb according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the internal spacing d between the two electrodes of the capacitor is not less than 1/2 of the distance h from the plane in which the electrodes lie to the touch plane.
5. A capacitive sensor for recognizing a limb movement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the touch sensitive label is a printed, etched, glued, projected or illuminated label.
6. A capacitive sensor for identifying movement of a limb according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrodes are open electrodes or closed electrodes.
7. A capacitive sensor for recognizing motion of a limb according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper surface of the hard material is provided with a plastic film when the electrodes are provided on the upper surface of the hard material.
8. A glass, characterized in that the upper and/or lower surface of the glass is provided with a capacitive sensor according to any one of claims 1-7.
9. A glazing comprising an outer glazing pane and an inner glazing pane, wherein a capacitive sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is provided between the glazing panes.
10. An automobile is characterized in that, the automobile comprising the glass of claim 8 or 9.
11. A ceramic panel, characterized in that the lower surface of the ceramic panel is provided with a capacitive sensor according to any one of claims 1-7.
12. An acrylic panel, characterized in that the lower surface of the acrylic panel is provided with the capacitive sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
13. A household appliance comprising the glass of claim 8 or 9, or the ceramic panel of claim 11, or the acrylic panel of claim 12.
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| CN202439539U (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-09-19 | 北京奥特易电子科技有限责任公司 | Vehicle window glass with capacitive sensor |
| CN209326675U (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-08-30 | 北京他山科技有限公司 | Capacitance sensor and glass, automobile, ceramics or acrylic panel, household electrical appliance |
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| CN101943975B (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2015-12-16 | 敦泰科技有限公司 | Ultra-thin mutual capacitance touch screen and combined ultra-thin touch screen |
| CN104423748A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-18 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | touch display device |
| JP6104767B2 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2017-03-29 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | Cover material for touch panel and touch panel using the cover material |
| CN104407752B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2018-10-02 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | A kind of pressure detection method and equipment |
| JP6715145B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-01 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Touch sensor and display device with touch sensor |
| CN106775100B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-01-17 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Touch display panel and touch display device comprising same |
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| CN202439539U (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-09-19 | 北京奥特易电子科技有限责任公司 | Vehicle window glass with capacitive sensor |
| CN209326675U (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-08-30 | 北京他山科技有限公司 | Capacitance sensor and glass, automobile, ceramics or acrylic panel, household electrical appliance |
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