CN109476178A - 包含含碳酸酯官能团的二烯弹性体的橡胶组合物 - Google Patents
包含含碳酸酯官能团的二烯弹性体的橡胶组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109476178A CN109476178A CN201780044362.2A CN201780044362A CN109476178A CN 109476178 A CN109476178 A CN 109476178A CN 201780044362 A CN201780044362 A CN 201780044362A CN 109476178 A CN109476178 A CN 109476178A
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- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含增强填料和如下弹性体的橡胶组合物,所述弹性体包含1,3‑二烯单体单元并且带有各自位于1,3‑二氧戊环‑2‑酮环中的碳酸酯官能团。该组合物具有改进的增强作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明的领域是二烯橡胶组合物,特别是用于轮胎的二烯橡胶组合物。
背景技术
理想地,旨在用于轮胎的橡胶组合物必须满足大量技术要求。其中之一是橡胶组合物的内聚力。橡胶组合物的良好内聚力通常反映在橡胶组合物的良好增强作用水平上。可以通过向橡胶组合物中引入增强填料、旨在使橡胶和增强填料偶联的偶联剂、或官能化弹性体来改进橡胶组合物的增强作用。在已知用以改进橡胶组合物增强作用的官能化弹性体中,可以提及带有例如硅烷醇、烷氧基硅烷或羧酸官能团的弹性体,如例如在文献WO2001090237中所述。还已知的是包含二烯聚合物和二氧化硅的组合物的增强作用需要使用偶联剂,如申请人的专利申请中所述,特别是在上述文献WO 2001090237中所述。出于组合物生产成本的原因,有益的是省去偶联剂。因此,仍然要考虑的是能够提供新型官能化聚合物,该聚合物使得可以改进包含增强填料的聚合物组合物的增强作用。
已知带有在1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环中存在的碳酸酯官能团-O-CO-O-的二烯弹性体用作膜中的电解质,如在文献US 20070191578和WO 2014032803中所述。但是,它们未被描述为橡胶组合物的成分。
发明内容
申请人已经发现,在橡胶组合物中使用带有碳酸酯官能团(其各自存在于1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环中)的二烯弹性体使得可以改进包含增强填料的橡胶组合物的增强作用,即使在增强填料为二氧化硅的情况下不存在偶联剂时也是如此。
因此,本发明的第一个主题为基于增强填料和如下弹性体的橡胶组合物,所述弹性体包含1,3-二烯单体的单元并且带有各自存在于1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环中的碳酸酯官能团。
本发明还涉及一种轮胎,其包括根据本发明的橡胶组合物。
本发明还涉及在交联剂的存在下制备根据本发明的橡胶组合物的方法。
具体实施方式
I.本发明的详细描述
在本说明书中,除非另外明确指出,所示的所有百分比(%)均为重量%。缩写“phr”意指重量份/100份弹性体(如果存在数种弹性体,则为弹性体的总和)。
此外,由表述“在a和b之间”表示的任何数值区间代表大于“a”且小于“b”的数值范围(即排除了端值a和b),而由表述“a至b”表示的任何数值区间意指从“a”延伸直至“b”的数值范围(即包括严格端值a和b)。
表述“组合物基于”应该理解为意指在本说明书中,组合物包含所用的各种组分的混合物和/或原位反应产物,这些基本组分中的一些(例如通常用于旨在制造轮胎的橡胶组合物中的弹性体、填料或其它添加剂)能够或旨在在制造组合物(其旨在制造轮胎)的各个阶段过程中至少部分地与彼此进行反应。
在本说明书中提及的化合物可以为化石来源或生物基来源。在后一种情况中,它们可以部分或全部由生物质产生,或者由生物质产生的可再生原材料获得。尤其与聚合物、增塑剂、填料等有关。
在本申请中,“碳酸酯官能团”旨在意指式–O(C=O)O-的基团。因为其是1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的形式,所以基于本发明目的使用的碳酸酯官能团存在于环状结构中。
在本申请中,“1,3-二烯单体单元”旨在意指由1,3-二烯单体插入增长的聚合物链中而产生的单元。众所周知,1,3-二烯单体单元可由1,3-二烯单体的1,2-或1,4-插入聚合物链中而产生。在1,4-插入的情况下,它们可以是顺式或反式构型。
在本申请中,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”无差别地意指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
在本说明书中,与碳酸酯官能团相关的表述“侧部”以与IUPAC,PAC,1996,68,2287给出的“侧部基团”定义中使用的术语“侧部”相同的含义使用。
基于本发明目的使用的弹性体包含1,3-二烯单体单元。作为1,3-二烯单体,可以提及具有4至8个碳原子的那些,例如1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯或戊间二烯。其卤化衍生物,例如氯丁二烯也是合适的。1,3-二烯单体也可以由这些单体的混合物组成,其中1,3-二烯单体单元由构成该混合物的每种单体的单体单元构成。优选地,1,3-二烯为1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯或其混合物。更优选地,1,3-二烯为1,3-丁二烯。
根据本发明的任一个实施方案,1,3-二烯单体单元优选占聚合物的大于50重量%。
根据本发明的任一个实施方案,由1,4-插入聚合物链中而产生的1,3-二烯单体单元优选占1,3-二烯单体单元的大于15摩尔%,更优选大于30摩尔%。
基于本发明目的使用的弹性体还带有各自存在于1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环中的碳酸酯官能团。在存在增强填料如炭黑或二氧化硅的情况下,可假设碳酸酯官能团通过填料上存在的化学官能团与填料形成相互作用,从而使得可以改进橡胶组合物的增强作用。
优选地,碳酸酯官能团在侧部并且位于弹性体链的末端外侧。位于聚合物链末端外侧的侧部1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的存在进一步改进了含有增强填料的橡胶组合物的增强性能,即使在增强填料为二氧化硅的情况下不存在偶联剂时也是如此。特别地,碳酸酯官能团的侧部位置使得碳酸酯官能团更容易接近存在于增强填料表面的化学官能团,这促进了碳酸酯官能团与增强填料之间的相互作用。
甚至更优选地,碳酸酯官能团存在于乙烯基单体的单体单元中,所述乙烯基单体至少被含有1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的基团取代。
乙烯基单体优选为含有式(I)的基团2-氧代-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基的乙烯基单体。
本领域技术人员应理解,式(I)中使用的符号表示环的CH与乙烯基单体的连接。
更优选地,乙烯基单体具有亚单元CH2=C<。在基于本发明目的使用的弹性体的合成中,在乙烯基单体中存在该亚单元促进了乙烯基单体与1,3-二烯的共聚。
根据特定的实施方案,乙烯基单体为式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。乙烯基单体也可以为式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(彼此的R1或R2基团有所不同)的混合物。
其中:
R1为氢或甲基,
R2为烃基链,其可以被一个或多个杂原子中断或取代。
优选地,式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体选自式(III)、(IV)、(V)的化合物及其混合物。
更优选地,式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体为式(III)的化合物、式(IV)的化合物或其混合物。
基于100摩尔的构成基于本发明目的使用的弹性体的单体单元,碳酸酯官能团的含量优选为在0.1和20摩尔之间。低于0.1的值,对于轮胎的某些在高应力下因变形大而负荷高的橡胶部件而言,橡胶组合物增强作用的改进可能被认为是不足的。高于20的值,增强作用的改进伴随着聚合物组合物的硬化,该硬化对于轮胎的某些必须可充分变形(例如用以吸收冲击)的橡胶部件而言可能被认为是太大的。对于某些应用,基于100摩尔的构成基于本发明目的使用的弹性体的单体单元,碳酸酯官能团的含量更优选为在0.1和5摩尔之间。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,基于本发明目的使用的弹性体还包含乙烯基芳族单体的单元。作为乙烯基芳族单体,例如以下是合适的:苯乙烯,以及包含可通过自由基路径聚合的双键的芳族化合物,例如由苯乙烯的烷基化、苯乙烯的卤化、苯乙烯的卤烷基化产生的化合物和苯乙烯的醚衍生物。优选地,乙烯基芳族单体为苯乙烯。
根据本发明的该特定的实施方案,乙烯基芳族单体单元优选占基于本发明目的使用的弹性体的小于45重量%,更优选小于35重量%。
根据本发明的第一优选变体形式,基于本发明目的使用的弹性体为1,3-二烯和乙烯基单体的共聚物,所述乙烯基单体至少被含有1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的基团取代,所述1,3-二烯和所述乙烯基单体根据本发明的任一个实施方案进行限定。
根据本发明的第二优选变体形式,基于本发明目的使用的弹性体为1,3-二烯、乙烯基单体和乙烯基芳族单体的三元聚合物,所述乙烯基单体至少被含有1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的基团取代,所述1,3-二烯、所述乙烯基单体和所述乙烯基单体根据本发明的任一个实施方案进行限定。
在本发明的上述实施方案中陈述的优选方式也可以同样适用于第一和第二变体形式。
根据本发明的任一个实施方案,可以通过包含1,3-二烯、乙烯基单体和适当情况下的乙烯基芳族单体的单体混合物的自由基聚合而沿着弹性体链产生碳酸酯官能团,其中所述乙烯基单体至少被含有1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的基团取代。
自由基聚合可以在悬浮液或乳液中进行,优选在乳液中进行,从而促进颗粒尺寸的均匀性并获得高分子量的大分子链。
为了引发自由基聚合机制,可以使用所有常规的自由基引发剂。自由基引发剂可以为过氧化氢,有机过氧化物例如过氧化环己酮、过氧化苯甲酰、月桂酰过氧化物、叔丁基过氧化氢、氢过氧化枯烯、萜烷过氧化氢、过氧化二叔丁基和过氧化二枯基,偶氮化合物例如偶氮二异丁腈或2,2'-偶氮二(2-甲基丙酰胺基)二氢氯化物,无机过氧化物例如过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠或过硫酸铵。
上述化合物也可用在包含过渡金属盐例如硫酸亚铁或焦磷酸铁(II)的氧化还原体系中。优选地,过渡金属盐占0.01至10phr,特别是0.1至5phr。这些过渡金属盐可以任选地与还原剂结合。作为还原剂,可以提及甲醛合次硫酸氢钠二水合物2-羟基-2-亚磺酸二钠、2-羟基-2-磺酸二钠和亚硫酸钠的技术混合物(Bruggolite或Bruggolite),丁-1-烯-3-醇,羟胺盐,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钠,硫酸氢钠,硫酸氢铵,连二硫酸钠,抗坏血酸,酒石酸,异抗坏血酸,硼酸,脲,甲酸。优选地,过渡金属盐占0.01至10phr,优选0.1至5phr。
引发剂可以单独使用,或者两种或更多种组合使用。优选地,引发剂占0.1至10phr,特别是0.2至10phr,更优选0.2至5phr。引发剂可以在开始时全部或部分加入聚合介质中,和/或在聚合过程中连续或间歇地加入。
以已知的方式,为了控制弹性体的凝胶含量和宏观结构,可以将转移剂引入聚合介质中,并且单体的转化率优选限制为75%。作为转移剂,可以提及链长为C10至C14的硫醇例如正十二烷基硫醇、叔十二烷基硫醇、巯基丙酸、巯基丙酸甲酯,或者醇或醛例如异丙醇和乙醛,二萜,萜品油烯或γ-萜品烯和硫甘醇。优选地,引发剂占0.1至10phr,优选0.2至10phr,更优选0.2至5phr。
为了稳定水乳液,还以已知的方式使用表面活性剂。在根据本发明的方法中使用的表面活性剂可以选自非离子、阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂,优选选自阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂。作为阴离子表面活性剂,尤其可以提及所有包含以下基团的阴离子表面活性剂:至少一个C6至C40烷基或至少一个被C6至C40烷基取代的芳族环,以及至少一个选自硫酸根、磺酸根、磷酸根、膦酸根和羧酸根的阴离子基团。优选地,包含至少一个C6至C40烷基或至少一个被C6至C40烷基取代的芳族环的阴离子表面活性剂选自硬脂酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基醚硫酸钠、脱氢树脂酸及其碱金属盐、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及这些化合物的混合物。作为阳离子表面活性剂,尤其可以提及所有包含以下基团的阳离子表面活性剂:至少一个C6至C40烷基或至少一个被C6至C40烷基取代的芳族环,以及至少一个选自铵和苯基偶氮二氨基吡啶的阳离子基团。优选地,阳离子表面活性剂选自烷基三甲基铵盐例如三甲基癸基氯化铵或三甲基癸基溴化铵,苯扎铵盐,以及这些化合物的混合物。优选地,在根据本发明的方法中使用的所述表面活性剂选自三甲基癸基氯化铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和硬脂酸钠。优选地,表面活性剂占1至20phr,特别是1至10phr。
同样以已知的方式,为了通过使乳液的pH稳定来避免引发剂的可能降解,可以使用缓冲剂。举例而言,可以提及磷酸盐缓冲剂,例如磷酸氢铵和磷酸氢二钠的混合物。优选地,在将缓冲剂引入反应介质中的情况下,它们占1至20phr,特别是1至10phr。
聚合方法通常在无氧的反应器中进行,聚合温度为0至100℃,优选5至70℃,更优选在5和10℃之间或在35和60℃之间,并任选地温度逐渐或逐步变化。聚合可以连续或分批进行。
为了在恰当的转化率下停止聚合反应,以已知的方式,通常引入阻聚剂,即停止剂。举例而言,可以提及酚族例如对苯二酚、间苯二酚,羟胺例如N,N-二乙基羟胺。优选地,停止剂占0.05至5phr,特别是0.1至3phr。
一旦合成,聚合物可以同样地处于胶乳状态或固体状态,例如以与增强填料混合从而用于制备组合物。
为了回收胶乳相的聚合物而不残留单体,优选进行这些单体的脱挥发份步骤,最常通过汽提进行。为了回收固体形式的聚合物,有必要添加(在有或没有预先的汽提步骤的情况下)使乳液去稳定化的步骤,并且添加干燥凝结物的步骤。
在聚合结束时,优选通过脱挥发份步骤除去残留单体。随后,在有或没有预先的汽提步骤的情况下使乳液去稳定化。为了避免环状碳酸酯官能团打开,通过加入第三种物质使乳液去稳定化,所述第三种物质为例如无机盐如氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化钾或氯化钠、硫酸钠、硫酸镁或硫酸钠,或者有机盐如醋酸镁或醋酸钙。胶乳也可以通过加入如下溶剂来凝结,所述溶剂选自酮和醇,特别为丙酮、甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和乙醇。随后通常用水洗涤凝结物。最后,聚合物一旦凝结就对其进行干燥。优选地,聚合物可以在真空或大气压下干燥并同时用氮气冲洗。干燥温度可以为室温(25℃)至130℃,优选室温至100℃,更优选室温至70℃。干燥时间通常在10和72h之间,优选在16h和50h之间。
基于本发明目的使用的增强填料可以为已知能够增强用于制造轮胎的橡胶组合物的任何类型的“增强”填料,例如有机填料如炭黑,增强无机填料如二氧化硅(以已知的方式通常与偶联剂结合),或这两类填料的混合物。
这样的增强填料通常由纳米颗粒组成,其(重)均尺寸小于一微米,通常小于500nm,最通常在20和200nm之间,特别且更优选地在20和150nm之间。
所有炭黑,特别是常规用于轮胎或其胎面中的炭黑(“轮胎级”炭黑)适合用作炭黑。在后者中更特别地提及100、200或300系列的增强炭黑或者500、600或700系列(ASTM级)的炭黑。这些炭黑能够如同可商购获得的那样在单独状态下使用,或者能够以任何其它的形式例如作为所用的一些橡胶添加剂的载体来使用。
“增强无机填料”在本文应被理解为意指任何无机或矿物填料,无论其颜色及其来源(天然或合成)如何,其相对于炭黑也称作“白填料”、“透明填料”或甚至“非黑填料”,其能够单独增强旨在用于制造充气轮胎的橡胶组合物而无需除了中间偶联剂之外的手段,换言之,其在增强作用上能够代替常规轮胎级炭黑;这样的填料通常以已知的方式特征在于其表面存在羟基(-OH)基团。
硅质类型的矿物填料,优选二氧化硅(SiO2)尤其适合作为增强无机填料。所用的二氧化硅可为本领域技术人员公知的任何增强二氧化硅,特别是BET表面积和CTAB比表面积均小于450m2/g,优选为30至400m2/g,特别在60和300m2/g之间的任何沉淀二氧化硅或热解二氧化硅。作为高度可分散的沉淀二氧化硅(称为“HDS”),将提及例如来自Degussa的二氧化硅Ultrasil 7000和Ultrasil 7005,以及二氧化硅Zeosil 1165MP。
增强无机填料以何种物理状态提供并不重要,无论是以粉末、微珠、颗粒或珠粒形式。当然,增强无机填料还被理解为意指不同增强无机填料的混合物,特别是如上所述高度可分散的二氧化硅的混合物。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,无机填料(优选二氧化硅)占橡胶组合物中增强填料重量的大于50重量%。于是,可以说增强无机填料为主要的。
当炭黑与主要的增强无机填料如二氧化硅组合时,优选以小于20phr,更优选小于10phr(例如在0.5和20phr之间,尤其是在2和10phr之间)的含量使用炭黑。在指定的区间内,炭黑的着色性能(黑色着色剂)和UV稳定性是有益的,而且不会不利地影响由增强无机填料提供的典型性能品质。
在本文中,BET比表面积以已知的方式利用在The Journal of the AmericanChemical Society,第60卷,第309页,1938年2月中描述的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller方法通过气体吸附加以确定,更特别地根据1996年12月的法国标准NF ISO 9277(多点(5个点)体积法-气体:氮气-脱气:在160℃下1小时–相对压力p/po范围:0.05至0.17)加以确定。CTAB比表面积为根据1987年11月的法国标准NF T 45-007(方法B)确定的外表面积。
优选地,增强填料的总含量在30和160phr之间,更优选在40phr和160phr之间。低于30phr,则橡胶组合物的增强作用可能不足以向包含该组合物的轮胎中的橡胶成分提供适当水平的内聚力。甚至更优选地,增强填料的总含量为至少50phr。超过160phr,则存在使轮胎的滞后性和滚动阻力增加的风险。出于该原因,增强填料的总含量优选在50至120phr的范围内。增强填料总含量的这些范围中的任一范围可以适用于本发明的任一个实施方案。
为了将增强无机填料偶联至二烯弹性体,可以以公知的方式使用旨在在无机填料(其粒子表面)和弹性体之间提供令人满意的化学和/或物理性质的连接的至少双官能的偶联剂(或结合剂),特别是硅烷。偶联剂特别为至少双官能的有机硅烷或聚有机硅氧烷。可以使用硅烷多硫化物,其根据它们的特定结构被称为“对称的”或“不对称的”,如在例如申请WO 03/002648(或US 2005/016651)和WO 03/002649(或US 2005/016650)中所描述。
除了偶联剂之外或者代替偶联剂,根据本发明的橡胶组合物还可以包含用于覆盖无机填料的试剂或更通常的加工助剂,所述加工助剂能够以已知的方式通过改进填料在橡胶基质中的分散并且降低组合物的粘度而改进组合物在未固化态下的加工能力。
这些覆盖剂为例如可水解的硅烷如烷基烷氧基硅烷(尤其是烷基三烷氧基硅烷)、多元醇、聚醚、伯胺、仲胺或叔胺。举例而言,可以提及三甲氧基(辛基)硅烷或二苯胍。覆盖剂可以单独使用或以混合物形式使用。
当使用偶联剂时,其含量有利地小于20phr,应理解通常可取的是使用尽可能少的偶联剂。通常地,以无机填料的量计,覆盖剂的含量占0.5重量%至15重量%。其含量优选在0.5和12phr之间,更优选在3至10phr的范围内。本领域技术人员易于根据组合物中使用的无机填料含量来调节该含量。
当使用一种或多种覆盖剂时,其总含量有利地小于20phr,应理解通常可取的是使用尽可能少的覆盖剂。通常地,以无机填料的量计,覆盖剂的总含量占0.5重量%至15重量%。其含量优选在0.5和12phr之间,更优选在3至10phr的范围内。本领域技术人员易于根据组合物中使用的无机填料含量来调节该含量。
橡胶组合物可以另外包含与基于本发明目的使用的弹性体不同的二烯弹性体。“二烯”弹性体(或橡胶)应以已知的方式理解为至少部分(即均聚物或共聚物)由二烯单体单元(带有两个共轭或非共轭碳-碳双键的单体)组成的一种(或数种)弹性体。
根据本发明的任一个实施方案,橡胶组合物优选包含大于50phr,更优选75phr的基于本发明目的使用的二烯弹性体。
根据本发明的橡胶组合物还可以包含在旨在构成橡胶成品(例如轮胎)的混合物的弹性体组合物中常规使用的所有或一些常见添加剂,例如增塑剂或增量油(无论它们为芳族或非芳族的)、颜料、保护剂(例如抗臭氧蜡、化学抗臭氧剂、抗氧化剂)和交联体系。
交联体系优选为硫化体系,亦即基于硫(或基于供硫剂)和主硫化促进剂的体系。向该基本硫化体系添加各种已知的次硫化促进剂或硫化活化剂,例如氧化锌、硬脂酸或等效化合物,或胍衍生物(特别是二苯胍),或已知的硫化阻滞剂,它们在第一非制备阶段过程中和/或在制备阶段过程中被引入,如随后所述。以在0.5和12phr之间,特别是在1和10phr之间的优选含量使用硫。以在0.5和10phr之间,更优选在0.5和5.0phr之间的优选含量使用主硫化促进剂。
在合适的混合器中利用本领域技术人员公知的两个连续制备阶段来制造根据本发明的橡胶组合物:在高温(高达在130℃和200℃之间的最大温度)下的热机械加工或捏合的第一阶段(“非制备”阶段),接着是在下至较低温度(通常低于110℃,例如在40℃和100℃之间)的机械加工的第二阶段(“制备”阶段),在该完成阶段的过程中引入交联体系。
基于本发明目的使用的弹性体通常在“非制备”阶段期间引入,以便与除了交联体系之外的增强填料和任选的其它成分进行热机械捏合。
橡胶组合物可以通过包括以下步骤的方法制得:
-在第一“非制备”步骤过程中,将增强填料和适当情况下的偶联剂或覆盖剂引入弹性体中,通过热机械捏合直至达到在130℃和200℃之间的最大温度,
-将组合的混合物冷却至低于100℃的温度,
-随后引入交联体系,
-捏合所有物质直至小于120℃的最大温度,
偶联剂、覆盖剂和交联体系可为上述分别能够用作偶联剂、覆盖剂和交联体系的任意一种化合物。
或者,代替连续引入,可以在第一“非制备”步骤中以母料的形式引入弹性体和增强填料。
随后将由此所得的最终组合物压延为例如片材或板材的形式以特别用于实验室表征,或者挤出从而形成例如橡胶成型件,该橡胶成型件在轮胎的制造中用作橡胶部件。
根据本发明的橡胶组合物可以处于未固化状态(在交联或硫化之前)或处于固化状态(在交联或硫化之后)。其优选用在轮胎中。
本发明的上述及其它的特征将通过阅读如下以举例说明但并非限制性方式描述的本发明的数个示例性实施方案而得以更好地理解。
II.本发明的示例性实施方案
II.1-所用的测量和测试:
II.1-1玻璃化转变温度的测定:
聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg根据标准ASTM D3418-08通过差示量热计(差示扫描量热计)测得。
尺寸排阻色谱(SEC):
尺寸排阻色谱使得可以根据大分子的尺寸通过填充多孔凝胶的柱分离溶液中的大分子。根据大分子的流体力学体积分离它们,体积最大的首先被洗脱。虽然不是绝对的方法,SEC使得可以确定聚合物的摩尔质量分布。可以从市售标样确定各个数均摩尔质量(Mn)和重均摩尔质量(Mw),并且可以通过“Moore”校准计算多分子性或多分散性指数(PI=Mw/Mn)。在分析之前对聚合物样品不进行特别处理。将聚合物样品以约1g/L的浓度简单地溶解在四氢呋喃溶液中,所述四氢呋喃溶液含有1体积%的二异丙胺、1体积%的三乙胺和1体积%的蒸馏水。接着在注入前,使溶液通过孔隙率为0.45μm的过滤器进行过滤。所使用的装置为Waters Alliance色谱仪。洗脱溶剂为含有1体积%二异丙胺和1体积%三乙胺的四氢呋喃。流速为0.7ml/min,体系温度为35℃且分析时间为90分钟。使用一套串联的四个Waters柱,其商标名为Styragel HMW7、Styragel HMW6E以及两个Styragel HT6E。注入的聚合物样品溶液的体积为100μl。检测器为Waters 2410差示折光器,并且使用色谱数据的软件为Waters Empower系统。计算的平均摩尔质量是相对于从PSS Ready Cal-Kit市售的聚苯乙烯标样产生的校准曲线而言的。
大粒凝胶含量的测定:
将聚合物(样品质量P)以5g/l的浓度溶解在甲苯中。将介质搅拌至少6小时,然后在预先称重(P1)的金属过滤器(不锈钢筛网)上过滤。然后将过滤器在80℃下真空干燥1小时,然后在干燥器中冷却30分钟。在该处理之后,对筛网称重(P2)。
通过下式给出不溶含量:
T=100*(P2-P1)/P
核磁共振光谱(NMR)
聚合物链上的碳酸酯官能团的含量通过NMR分析测定。在装备有5mm BBI z-级“宽带”探针的Bruker 500MHz光谱仪上采集光谱。1H NMR定量实验使用简单的30°脉冲序列以及每次采集之间3秒的重复时间。将样品溶解在氘代氯仿中。
1H NMR光谱使得可以通过对亚单元质子的信号特征进行积分来量化引入链内的碳酸酯官能团的含量。缩写MCA表示式(IV-u)的单体单元,PB1,2和PB1,4表示分别通过1,2-和1,4-加成插入链中的1,3-丁二烯的单体单元。
4H对应于CH2编号1的MCA+CH2编号3的MCA:3.3至4.5ppm
2H+1H对应于PB1,2+CH编号2的MCA:4.5至4.9ppm
2H+1H对应于PB1,4+PB1,2:4.9至5.8ppm
5H苯乙烯亚单元:7.41ppm至6.5ppm。
苯乙烯分布结果以W/X/Y/Z的形式给出,其中:
W:n=1、2和3(随机分布):在7.2和6.71ppm之间的积分
X:n=4和5(非随机分布):在6.71和6.56ppm之间的积分
Y:6≤n≤10(微块):在6.56和6.29ppm之间的积分
Z:n>10(宏块):在6.29和6.05ppm之间的积分。
拉伸测试:
这些测试使得可以确定固化之后的弹性应力和断裂性质。除非另外指出,根据1988年9月的法国标准NF T 46-002进行拉伸测试。以MPa表示的真正割线模量(即参考测试试样的实际横截面计算)在100%伸长(模量表示为M100)和300%伸长(M300)下在第一次伸长(即没有调试循环)中测得。所有这些拉伸测量在温度和湿度的标准条件(23±2℃;50±5%相对湿度)下进行。
动力学性质:
根据标准ASTM D 5992-96,在粘度分析仪(Metravib VA4000)上测量动力学性质ΔG*和tan(δ)max。在标准温度条件(23℃)下,根据标准ASTM D 1349-99,或根据具体情况在不同温度(60℃)下,记录经受10Hz频率下的简单交变正弦剪切应力的硫化组合物样品(厚度为4mm且横截面为400mm2的圆柱形测试试样)的响应。
从0.1%至100%(向外循环),然后从100%至0.1%(返回循环)进行应变振幅扫描。使用的结果为弹性模量(G’)。
II.2-反应物
贯穿下面给出的所有实施例,十二烷基硫酸钠、硫酸铁、氢过氧化枯烯、焦磷酸钠、过硫酸钾、叔十二烷基硫醇、N,N-二乙基羟胺、间苯二酚、磷酸氢钠和磷酸二氢铵均由Aldrich出售。4-(羟甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮甲基丙烯酸酯由Specific Polymers出售。苯乙烯和丁二烯通过穿过氧化铝保护体并用氮气吹扫而被纯化。
II.3-通过冷聚合合成苯乙烯、丁二烯和4-(羟甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮甲基丙
烯酸酯(CCMA)的三元共聚物
预先制备以下原料:
-Na2FeP2O7在水中的浓度为0.0627mol/l的悬浮液:将FeSO4·7H2O和Na4P2O7在喷射的水中稀释,然后伴随规律搅拌将混合物在60℃下加热45分钟
-制备氢过氧化枯烯在苯乙烯中的浓度为0.079mol/l的溶液
-制备硫醇(R-SH)在苯乙烯中的浓度为0.223mol/l的溶液
-制备N,N-二乙基羟胺在水中的浓度为10g/l的溶液。
根据如下操作装载反应器:
·在25℃下用半小时引入喷射的水(最终体积22.3ml)
·然后在氮气和25℃下引入十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)(0.3g),接着进行10分钟氮气冲洗
·在25℃和氮气下注入含有R-SH的苯乙烯原料(1毫升浓度为0.223mol/l的溶液)
·将反应器冷却至5℃
·当反应器达到约12℃时,在氮气下注入其余的苯乙烯(1.815ml,1.65g)和CCMA(0.39ml,0.56g)
·然后注入丁二烯原料(9.88ml,6.42g)
·使反应器冷却至5℃,然后注入Na2FeP2O7溶液(1.7毫升浓度为0.0627mol/l的溶液)
·等待5分钟,然后注入引发剂以及氢过氧化枯烯在苯乙烯中的溶液(0.5ml)。
引发剂加入的结束标志着聚合的开始(即t=0min)。
在5℃下保持搅拌7小时15分钟以达到约63%的最终转化率(测试1)以及搅拌4小时45分钟以达到约72%的最终转化率(测试2)。
最后,制备N,N-二乙基羟胺在水中的停止溶液。然后在该停止溶液通过单体的残余压力进行倾析来使胶乳停止。随后通过加入50ml丙酮使胶乳凝结。将凝结物在部分真空下干燥并在在40℃下进行氮气冲洗48小时。
测试编号1的操作条件列于下表1中。测试编号2的操作条件列于下表2中。
表1
表2
水 | 22.3ml | |
SDS | 3phr | 0.3g |
RSH | 0.16phr | 0.016g |
FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O | 0.28phr | 0.028g |
Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> | 0.266phr | 0.026g |
苯乙烯的重量%(摩尔%) | 25.47%(18%) | 2.55g |
丁二烯的重量%(摩尔%) | 54.3%(74%) | 5.43g |
CCMA的重量%(摩尔%) | 20.23%(8%) | 2.02g |
氢过氧化枯烯 | 0.17phr | 0.017g |
N,N-二乙基羟胺 | 0.1phr | 0.01g |
所获得的聚合物通过NMR、DSC和SEC分析以及大粒凝胶含量的测量来表征。表征的结果见表I。
II.4-橡胶组合物的制备和表征
为了制备组合物A和T,以下列方式进行以下测试:
将弹性体、增强填料和其它添加剂依次引入密闭式混合器(最终填充度:约70体积%),所述密闭式混合器的初始容器温度约为100℃。然后在一个步骤中(非制备阶段)进行热机械加工(捏合的总持续时间等于约5min),直至达到最大“出料”温度,该温度取决于组合物而在145℃至165℃的范围内。回收并冷却由此获得的混合物,然后在开放式混合器中加入硫化体系,从而在约80℃下在该开放式混合器中进行第二阶段的机械加工。
橡胶组合物在下表3中给出。所述量表示为份数/100重量份弹性体。
表3
(1)N234
(2)比表面积为160m2/g的微珠二氧化硅
(3)氢化的C9二环戊二烯树脂E5600BR,Exxon Mobil
(4)N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N-苯基-对-苯二胺(来自Flexsys的Santoflex 6-PPD)
(5)硬脂(Pristerene 4931-Uniqema)
(6)氧化锌(工业级-Umicore)
(7)N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(来自Flexys的Santocure CBS)
组合物A与组合物T的不同之处在于组合物A含有根据本发明的聚合物A作为弹性体,而组合物T含有苯乙烯和丁二烯的共聚物SBR作为弹性体。不含碳酸酯官能团的SBR是不符合本发明的聚合物。其门尼粘度为53,并且Tg为-48℃,与聚合物A相似。门尼粘度使用如在标准ASTM D1646(1999)中所述的振动稠度计测量。根据如下原理进行该测量:将在未固化状态(即固化之前)下进行分析的样品在加热至给定温度(100℃)的圆柱形室中进行模制(成形)。在预热1分钟之后,转子以2转/分钟在测试试样内旋转,在旋转4分钟之后测量用于维持该运动的工作扭矩。门尼粘度以“门尼单位”(MU,1MU=0.83牛顿.米)表示。
随后将由此获得的组合物以橡胶板材(厚度为2至3mm)的形式或者橡胶薄片材的形式进行压延,以用于测量它们的物理或机械性能。然后在压机中使压延的组合物在150℃下固化30分钟,然后进行表征。
结果见表II。
以dN.m表示的ΔC(Cmax-Cmin)的测量值对应于初始状态(t=0,硫化前)与最终状态(t=30min,硫化后)之间的扭矩差。
与SBR聚合物相比,聚合物A使得橡胶组合物具有好得多的增强作用。实际上,组合物A的模量MA300/MA100的比值远高于组合物T。即使在不存在将二氧化硅偶联至弹性体的偶联剂的情况下,也可以获得增强作用的改进。最后,对于改进的增强作用,应注意到组合物A的ΔG'值显著低于组合物T,这反映为与组合物T相比组合物A中二氧化硅的改进的分散状态。
表I
表II
组合物A | 组合物T | |
M100(MPa) | 3.70 | 1.18 |
M300(MPa) | 8.56 | 1.52 |
M300/M100 | 2.32 | 1.29 |
断裂应变(%) | 690 | 894 |
ΔC(Cmax-Cmin) | 3.81 | 5.79 |
ΔG'(0-100%)60℃ | 0.96 | 2.14 |
Claims (21)
1.一种橡胶组合物,其基于增强填料和弹性体,所述弹性体包含1,3-二烯单体的单元并且带有各自存在于1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环中的碳酸酯官能团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,碳酸酯官能团在侧部,并且位于弹性体链的末端外侧。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中,碳酸酯官能团存在于乙烯基单体的单体单元中,所述乙烯基单体至少被含有1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮环的基团取代。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中,乙烯基单体为含有式(I)的基团2-氧代-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基的乙烯基单体
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中,乙烯基单体具有亚单元CH2=C<。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的组合物,其中,乙烯基单体为式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,
其中:
R1为氢或甲基,
R2为烃基链,其能够被一个或多个杂原子中断或取代。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中,式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体选自式(III)、(IV)、(V)的化合物及其混合物
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的组合物,其中,式(II)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体为式(III)的化合物、式(IV)的化合物或其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的组合物,其中,基于100摩尔的构成弹性体的单体单元,碳酸酯官能团的含量在0.1和20摩尔之间。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的组合物,其中,1,3-二烯单体为1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯或其混合物,优选为1,3-丁二烯。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物,其中,1,3-二烯单体的单元占弹性体的大于50重量%。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物,其中,弹性体含有乙烯基芳族单体的单元。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中,乙烯基芳族单体为苯乙烯。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的组合物,其中,乙烯基芳族单体的单元占聚合物的小于45重量%,优选小于35重量%。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的组合物,其中,弹性体为1,3-二烯和乙烯基单体的共聚物,或者1,3-二烯、乙烯基单体和乙烯基芳族单体的三元聚合物。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的组合物,其中,增强填料包含炭黑、无机填料或其混合物。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的组合物,其中,增强填料包含大于50重量%的无机填料。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的组合物,其中,无机填料为二氧化硅。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物包含交联体系,优选硫化体系。
20.一种轮胎,其包含在权利要求1至19中任一项所限定的橡胶组合物。
21.一种用于制备权利要求19所限定的橡胶组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-在第一“非制备”步骤过程中,将增强填料和适当情况下的偶联剂或覆盖剂引入弹性体中,通过热机械捏合直至达到在130℃和200℃之间的最大温度,
-将组合的混合物冷却至低于100℃的温度,
-随后引入交联体系,
-捏合所有物质直至小于120℃的最大温度。
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EP0001088A1 (de) * | 1977-09-05 | 1979-03-21 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Carbonatgruppen enthaltende Polymerisate |
EP0890607A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-01-13 | Compagnie Générale des Etablissements MICHELIN-MICHELIN & CIE | Composition de caoutchouc à base de noir de carbone ayant de la silice fixée à sa surface et de polymère diénique fonctionnalisé alcoxysilane |
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