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CN109470770A - A method for detecting continuous multiple oblique cracks in concrete structures - Google Patents

A method for detecting continuous multiple oblique cracks in concrete structures Download PDF

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CN109470770A
CN109470770A CN201811342317.8A CN201811342317A CN109470770A CN 109470770 A CN109470770 A CN 109470770A CN 201811342317 A CN201811342317 A CN 201811342317A CN 109470770 A CN109470770 A CN 109470770A
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crack
distance
oblique
concrete structure
ultrasonic detector
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姜景山
顾云凡
郭婷婷
殷玛丽
王志杰
蒯青青
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4472—Mathematical theories or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了本发明公开一种检测混凝土结构连续多条斜裂缝的方法，首先测量出超声波检测仪在混凝土结构中的声速以及各条裂缝之间的距离，然后通过建立超声波检测仪发射端、各条斜裂缝以及接收端依次之间的距离、多次测量的声时和各条斜裂缝的角度深度之间的函数关系，将每次测量的数值带入进行计算，即可求得各条斜裂缝的角度和深度。本方法能够解决现有技术中无法进行多条斜裂缝的测量、现有双椭圆法测量计算工作繁琐且误差大等问题，测量简易方便，且精度高，工作量小。

The invention discloses a method for detecting a plurality of continuous oblique cracks in a concrete structure. First, the speed of sound of an ultrasonic detector in the concrete structure and the distance between the cracks are measured, and then the transmitting end of the ultrasonic detector and the distance between the cracks are measured. The functional relationship between the distance between each oblique crack and the receiving end in turn, the acoustic time of multiple measurements and the angular depth of each oblique crack. Angle and depth of oblique cracks. The method can solve the problems in the prior art that the measurement of multiple oblique cracks cannot be performed, and the existing double ellipse method has complicated measurement and calculation work and large errors, and the measurement is simple and convenient, with high precision and small workload.

Description

A method of detecting concrete structure continuously a plurality of diagonal crack
Technical field
The present invention relates to concrete structure diagonal crack detection fields, especially a kind of to use coagulation in concrete structural surface The method of the nonmetallic detector test concrete structure of soil continuously a plurality of diagonal crack angle and depth, specifically a kind of detection The method of the continuous a plurality of diagonal crack of concrete structure.
Background technique
Concrete surface crack is that one of the most common type is damaged in concrete material, it can reduce the durable of concrete structure Property and safety.The destruction of many concrete structures is also all since crack.In practical projects, concrete structural surface Fractue spacing, fracture width etc. be readily inspected and measure, but the angle in crack and depth due to inside concrete and with Machine is big, can only be detected by the method without damaged or local damage.
In the prior art, the flat survey method in inside concrete crack mainly has the flat survey method of vertical fracture single side and diagonal crack double Oval positioning mode.Wherein, due under virtual condition distress in concrete be all substantially diagonal crack, vertical fracture belongs to the one of diagonal crack The extremely special situation of kind, so it is impossible to meet want for the application range of the flat survey method of vertical fracture single side and the effect of measurement It asks.In real work, middle technical staff mainly uses bielliptic(al) positioning mode to measure the angle and depth of diagonal crack.
Bielliptic(al) positioning mode is primarily present three problems:
1, it when calculating diagonal crack angle and depth using this method, needs to draw ellipse on graph paper, then carry out again It calculates, step is comparatively laborious, and workload is bigger.
If 2, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and receive probe inset spacing is excessive for the depth of diagonal crack or mistake Small, then calculated resultant error is bigger.
3, bielliptic(al) method is commonly used to calculate the depth and angle in monocline crack, the case where for continuous multiple diagonal cracks but It can not calculate, limit bigger.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be directed to above-mentioned state of the art, and providing can be in concrete structure Continuous a plurality of diagonal crack measures calculating, and measurement accuracy is high, a kind of simple detection concrete structure of method is continuously more The method of diagonal crack.
The technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is:
A method of the continuous a plurality of diagonal crack of detection concrete structure, including the ultrasonic detector for measurement, Be characterized in: the ultrasonic detector is by emitting ultrasonic wave to a plurality of diagonal crack present in concrete structure while carrying out Measurement；The method the following steps are included:
A), first with ultrasonic detector, the complete area in the concrete structure measure not across seam, in terms of Calculate velocity of sound v of the ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic detector transmitting in the concrete complete area；
B), determine a plurality of diagonal crack for needing to measure, the transmitting terminal of ultrasonic detector is then placed on concrete knot The side for a plurality of diagonal crack that structure surface needs to measure, the receiving end of ultrasonic detector, which is placed on concrete structural surface, to be needed Transmitting terminal, first diagonal crack, Article 2 oblique segmentation are successively recorded in the other side for a plurality of diagonal crack to be measured in order Seam ... nth diagonal crack and receiving end the distance between successively, are denoted as a respectively11,a2,a3...,an,a10；It is at this time first Beginning state；N is the natural number more than or equal to 2；
C), start ultrasonic detector, record original state when sound when；
D), same straight line is in position and the initial position of the transmitting terminal and receiving end that keep ultrasonic detector Under the premise of upper, mobile 2n transmitting terminal and receiving end, when record moves each time, transmitting terminal is at a distance from first diagonal crack ai1, the last one diagonal crack and receiving end distance ai0And measure sound when ti, wherein i represents mobile number, initial rank Duan Wei 1 time；Since the distance between each diagonal crack is constant, i.e. a2,a3...,anFor constant；If desired multiple measurement results It is verified, moves 2n+1 times, can be obtained 2n measurement result, can be used for Comparative result or verifying；
E), by the distance between each diagonal crack a2,a3...,an, each time it is mobile when ai1And ai0Value and each time shifting T when sound when dynamici, substitute into and contain each diagonal crack angle, θnWith depth lnIn the 2n member equation group of unknown quantity, each oblique segmentation can be acquired Stitch angle, θnWith depth ln；Wherein, θnRefer to that nth diagonal crack is rotated clockwise past around concrete structural surface cracking point Transmitting terminal angle experienced, lnRefer to the depth of nth diagonal crack.
To optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, the concrete measure taken further include:
The establishment process of above-mentioned 2n member equation group is as follows:
A), the transmitting terminal of ultrasonic detector and the linear distance on first diagonal crack vertex are calculated, if distance is Ai1, Then distance
B), the receiving end of ultrasonic detector and the linear distance on the last item diagonal crack vertex are calculated, if distance is Ai0, Then distance
C), the linear distance between the (n-1)th crack vertex and nth crack vertex is calculated, if linear distance is An, then Distance
D), 2n member equation group is established are as follows:
E), special case works as n=1 when only single diagonal crack, need to only move transmitting terminal and the receiving of ultrasonic detector End twice, when recording each sound t and it is mobile every time when ai1And ai0, the angle and depth of the diagonal crack can be calculated； 2 yuan of equations at this time are as follows:
The realization condition of the above method are as follows:
1), the crack in concrete structure is extended in one direction, and angle is single；
2), in concrete structure diagonal crack depth be much larger than diagonal crack width.
Compared with prior art, it is cumbersome to can solve concrete structure single diagonal crack survey calculation in the prior art by the present invention The problem of, and the problem of be unable to measure in concrete structure continuous a plurality of diagonal crack angle and depth.Compared to current pair Oval positioning mode, the present invention have the characteristics that measurement accuracy is high, method is easy, measurement result can be calculated by formula and to survey It measures result and carries out proving and comparisom, reduce the workload of people's measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of bielliptic(al) method in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the schematic illustration of detection method.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Fig. 2 is the schematic illustration of detection method, in figure: T is the transmitting terminal of ultrasonic detector, R is ultrasound The receiving end of wave detector.
Ultrasonic wave direction as shown in arrow in Fig. 2 of the invention of transmitting terminal T transmitting carries out shortest path transmitting arrival and connects Receiving end R.The a length of vt in entire path passed through at this timei。
Traditional technical method can only measure calculating to the single diagonal crack in concrete structure, and the present invention then can Single diagonal crack in concrete structure measures calculating, also can to the continuous a plurality of diagonal crack in concrete structure simultaneously into Row survey calculation.The present invention detects concrete structure, and continuously measuring tool used by the method for a plurality of diagonal crack is that ultrasonic wave is examined Instrument detection is surveyed, a plurality of diagonal crack present in concrete structure is surveyed simultaneously using the ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic detector transmitting Amount；It is assumed here that a plurality of diagonal crack in concrete structure is n item, n is the natural number more than or equal to 2.It is then of the invention Steps are as follows for measurement method:
A), first with ultrasonic detector, the complete area in the concrete structure measure not across seam, in terms of Calculate velocity of sound v of the ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic detector transmitting in the concrete complete area；
B), determine a plurality of diagonal crack for needing to measure, the transmitting terminal T of ultrasonic detector is then placed on concrete knot The side for a plurality of diagonal crack that structure surface needs to measure, is placed on concrete structural surface for the receiving end R of ultrasonic detector Transmitting terminal T, first diagonal crack, Article 2 oblique segmentation are successively recorded in the other side for a plurality of diagonal crack for needing to measure in order Seam ... nth diagonal crack and receiving end R the distance between successively, are denoted as a respectively11,a2,a3...,an,a10；It is at this time Original state.
I.e. in the initial state, the distance between transmitting terminal T and first diagonal crack are denoted as a11, first article of diagonal crack and The distance between two diagonal cracks are denoted as a2, the distance between Article 2 diagonal crack and Article 3 diagonal crack are denoted as a3, and so on The distance between (n-1)th diagonal crack and nth diagonal crack are denoted as an, the distance between n-th diagonal crack and receiving end R note For a10.Mandatory declaration a herein11" 11 " in be located at front " 1 " and a10" 10 " in be located at front " 1 ", represent Meaning is the meaning of initial first time.
Such as when initially placing transmitting terminal T for the first time, the distance between transmitting terminal T and first diagonal crack are denoted as a11, when When second of mobile placement transmitting terminal T, the distance between transmitting terminal T and first diagonal crack are denoted as a21, when third time movement is put When setting transmitting terminal T, the distance between transmitting terminal T and first diagonal crack are denoted as a31, and so on.
C), start ultrasonic detector, record original state when sound when；
D), straight in same when keeping position and the initial position of transmitting terminal T and receiving end R of ultrasonic detector Under the premise of on line, mobile 2n transmitting terminal T and receiving end R, when record moves each time, transmitting terminal T and first diagonal crack Distance ai1, the last one diagonal crack and receiving end R distance ai0And measure sound when ti, wherein i represents mobile time Number, initial stage are the 1st time；Since the distance between each diagonal crack is constant, i.e. a2,a3...,anFor constant；If desired multiple Measurement result is verified, and is moved 2n+1 times, be can be obtained 2n measurement result, can be used for Comparative result or verifying；
E), by the distance between each diagonal crack a2,a3...,an, each time it is mobile when ai1And ai0Value and each time shifting T when sound when dynamici(being known numeric value) substitutes into and contains each diagonal crack angle, θnWith depth lnIn the 2n member equation group of unknown quantity, Each diagonal crack angle, θ can be acquirednWith depth ln；Wherein, θnRefer to that nth diagonal crack cracks around concrete structural surface Point rotates clockwise past transmitting terminal angle experienced, lnRefer to the depth of nth diagonal crack.
The method of the continuous a plurality of diagonal crack of detection concrete structure of the invention measures ultrasonic detector mixed first The distance between velocity of sound and each crack in Xtah Crude Clay structure, it is then oblique by establishing ultrasonic detector transmitting terminal, each item Crack and receiving end the distance between successively, the sound that repeatedly measures when and the angle depth of each diagonal crack between function close System, brings the numerical value measured every time into 2n member equation group and calculates, can acquire the angle and depth of each diagonal crack.
The establishment process of 2n member equation group of the invention is as follows:
A), the transmitting terminal of ultrasonic detector and the linear distance on first diagonal crack vertex are calculated, if distance is Ai1, Then distance
B), the receiving end of ultrasonic detector and the linear distance on the last item diagonal crack vertex are calculated, if distance is Ai0, Then distance
C), the linear distance between the (n-1)th crack vertex and nth crack vertex is calculated, if linear distance is An, then Distance
D), 2n member equation group is established are as follows:
E), special case works as n=1 when only single diagonal crack, need to only move transmitting terminal and the receiving of ultrasonic detector End twice, when recording each sound t and it is mobile every time when ai1And ai0, the angle and depth of the diagonal crack can be calculated； 2 yuan of equations at this time are as follows:
The realization condition of the method for the present invention are as follows:
1), the crack in concrete structure is extended in one direction, and angle is single；
2), in concrete structure diagonal crack depth be much larger than diagonal crack width.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention in any form, any ripe Professional and technical personnel is known, without departing from the scope of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention, to the above reality Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc. made by example are applied, it is fallen within the scope of protection of the technical scheme of the present invention It is interior.

Claims (3)

1.一种检测混凝土结构连续多条斜裂缝的方法，包括用于测量的超声波检测仪，其特征是：所述的超声波检测仪通过发射超声波对混凝土结构中存在的多条斜裂缝同时进行测量；所述的方法包括以下步骤：1. a method for detecting continuous multiple oblique cracks in concrete structure, comprising an ultrasonic detector for measuring, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic detector measures simultaneously a plurality of oblique cracks existing in concrete structure by transmitting ultrasonic waves ; The method comprises the following steps: a)、首先利用超声波检测仪，对该混凝土结构中的完整区域进行不跨缝测量，以计算出超声波检测仪发射的超声波在该混凝土完整区域中的声速v；a), first use the ultrasonic detector to measure the complete area of the concrete structure without spanning the joints to calculate the sound speed v of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic detector in the complete area of the concrete; b)、确定需要测量的多条斜裂缝，然后将超声波检测仪的发射端(T)放置在混凝土结构表面需要测量的多条斜裂缝的一侧，将超声波检测仪的接收端(R)放置在混凝土结构表面需要测量的多条斜裂缝的另一侧，按顺序依次记录下发射端(T)、第一条斜裂缝、第二条斜裂缝.......第n条斜裂缝以及接收端(R)依次之间的距离，分别记为a11，a2，a3...，an，a10；此时为初始状态；n为大于或等于2的自然数；b) Determine the multiple oblique cracks to be measured, then place the transmitting end (T) of the ultrasonic detector on one side of the multiple oblique cracks to be measured on the surface of the concrete structure, and place the receiving end (R) of the ultrasonic detector On the other side of the multiple oblique cracks that need to be measured on the surface of the concrete structure, record the transmitting end (T), the first oblique crack, the second oblique crack, and the nth oblique crack in sequence. And the distance between the receiving ends (R) in turn, respectively denoted as a 11 , a 2 , a 3 ..., a n , a 10 ; this is the initial state; n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; c)、启动超声波检测仪，记录初始状态时的声时；c), start the ultrasonic detector, record the sound time in the initial state; d)、在保持超声波检测仪的发射端(T)和接收端(R)的位置与初始位置时处于同一条直线上的前提下，移动2n次发射端(T)和接收端(R)，记录每一次移动时，发射端(T)与第一条斜裂缝的距离ai1，最后一个斜裂缝与接收端(R)的距离ai0以及测得的声时ti，其中，i代表移动的次数，初始阶段为第1次；由于各个斜裂缝之间的距离不变，即a2，a3...，an为常数；若需要多个测量结果进行验证，可移动2n+1次，即可获得2n个测量结果，可用于结果对比或验证；d) On the premise that the transmitter (T) and receiver (R) of the ultrasonic detector are on the same line as the initial position, move the transmitter (T) and receiver (R) 2n times, Record the distance a i1 between the transmitting end (T) and the first oblique crack, the distance a i0 between the last oblique crack and the receiving end (R) and the measured acoustic time t i for each movement, where i represents the movement The initial stage is the first time; since the distance between each oblique crack is unchanged, that is, a 2 , a 3 ... , an n are constants; if multiple measurement results are required for verification, it can be moved by 2n+1 times, 2n measurement results can be obtained, which can be used for result comparison or verification; e)、将各个斜裂缝之间的距离a2，a3...，an，各次移动时的ai1和ai0的值以及各次移动时声时ti，代入含各个斜裂缝角度θn和深度ln未知量的2n元方程组中，即可求得各个斜裂缝角度θn和深度ln；其中，θn是指第n条斜裂缝绕着混凝土结构表面开裂点顺时针旋转经过发射端所经历的夹角，ln是指第n条斜裂缝的深度。 e ) , Substitute the distances a 2 , a 3 . In the 2n-element equation system with unknown quantities of angle θ n and depth ln , the angle θ n and depth ln of each oblique crack can be obtained; among them, θ n refers to the direction of the nth oblique crack around the cracking point on the surface of the concrete structure. The angle experienced by the clockwise rotation through the transmitting end, ln refers to the depth of the nth oblique crack. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种检测混凝土结构连续多条斜裂缝的方法，其特征是：所述的2n元方程组的建立过程如下：2. the method for a kind of detection concrete structure continuous multiple oblique cracks according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the establishment process of described 2n element equation group is as follows: a)、计算超声波检测仪的发射端与第一条斜裂缝顶点的直线距离，设距离为Ai1，则距离a) Calculate the straight-line distance between the transmitting end of the ultrasonic detector and the vertex of the first inclined crack, set the distance as A i1 , then the distance b)、计算超声波检测仪的接收端与最后一条斜裂缝顶点的直线距离，设距离为Ai0，则距离b) Calculate the straight-line distance between the receiving end of the ultrasonic detector and the vertex of the last oblique crack, and set the distance as A i0 , then the distance c)、计算第n-1条裂缝顶点与第n条裂缝顶点之间的直线距离，设直线距离为An，则距离c), calculate the straight line distance between the n-1th crack vertex and the nth crack vertex, set the straight line distance to be A n , then the distance d)、建立2n元方程组为：d), establish a 2n-element equation system as: e)、特例，当只有单条斜裂缝时即当n＝1，只需移动超声波检测仪的发射端和接受端两次，记录每次的声时t以及每次移动时的ai1和ai0，即可计算出该斜裂缝的角度和深度；此时的2元方程为：e), a special case, when there is only a single oblique crack, i.e. when n=1, just move the transmitting end and the receiving end of the ultrasonic detector twice, and record the sound time t of each time and a i1 and a i0 of each movement. , the angle and depth of the inclined crack can be calculated; the 2-element equation at this time is: 3.根据权利要求1所述的所述的一种检测混凝土结构连续多条斜裂缝的方法，其特征是：所述方法的实现条件为：3. the described method of a kind of detection concrete structure continuous multiple oblique cracks according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the realization condition of described method is: 1)、混凝土结构中的裂缝呈单方向扩展，且角度单一；1) The cracks in the concrete structure expand in one direction, and the angle is single; 2)、混凝土结构中斜裂缝的深度远大于斜裂缝的宽度。2) The depth of the inclined cracks in the concrete structure is much larger than the width of the inclined cracks.
CN201811342317.8A 2018-11-12 2018-11-12 A method for detecting continuous multiple oblique cracks in concrete structures Pending CN109470770A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190315