CN109468630B - Electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution - Google Patents
Electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109468630B CN109468630B CN201811275747.2A CN201811275747A CN109468630B CN 109468630 B CN109468630 B CN 109468630B CN 201811275747 A CN201811275747 A CN 201811275747A CN 109468630 B CN109468630 B CN 109468630B
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001163841 Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009500 colour coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种电镀锌碱性金色钝化液，钝化液的pH值为8.5‑9.5，其成分及含量为：钼酸钠20‑30g/L、氨水15‑20mL/L、氯化铵5‑8g/L、氟化钠5‑10g/L、乙醇13‑20mL/L，其余为水；本发明钝化液不含铬等有毒有害物质，是一种新型环保的钝化液，钝化液中氨水与钼酸盐的结合互补，有效的避免了酸性溶液溶解过量的镀锌层，从而保证了镀锌层厚度，也降低了钼酸盐对膜厚度的高要求，钝化液稳定，钝化工艺简单，钝化膜耐蚀性高、附着力强、膜层厚度均匀。The invention discloses an alkaline golden passivation solution for electro-galvanizing. The pH value of the passivation solution is 8.5-9.5, and its components and contents are: sodium molybdate 20-30 g/L, ammonia water 15-20 mL/L, ammonium chloride 5-8g/L, sodium fluoride 5-10g/L, ethanol 13-20mL/L, and the rest are water; the passivation solution of the present invention does not contain toxic and harmful substances such as chromium, and is a novel environmentally friendly passivation solution. The combination of ammonia water and molybdate in the chemical solution is complementary, which effectively avoids the acid solution from dissolving excess galvanized layer, thus ensuring the thickness of the galvanized layer, and also reducing the high requirement of molybdate for film thickness, and the passivation solution is stable , The passivation process is simple, the passivation film has high corrosion resistance, strong adhesion and uniform film thickness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution, which is mainly used for the post-treatment process of electrogalvanizing on the surface of steel parts, is chromium-free and acid-free, and belongs to the technical field of metal material surface treatment.
Background
Galvanization is a surface treatment technique in which a layer of zinc is plated on the surface for the purpose of material beauty or rust prevention. The standard electrode potential of zinc is-0.76V, and for a steel matrix, a zinc coating is an anode and has good corrosion resistance, and the thickness of the coating directly influences the protection performance of the steel matrix. After the zinc coating is subjected to special passivation treatment, color coating or light protection agent smearing, the protection performance can be well enhanced, and the decoration performance can be more attractive.
The surface of the protected material with poor corrosion resistance is covered by zinc with good corrosion resistance, and the protected material is separated from a corrosive medium, so that the purpose of controlling corrosion is achieved. It can not only greatly raise the corrosion resistance of protected material, but also its electroplating technology has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation and low cost, etc., so that said method can be used as most common and important corrosion-resisting method. If no good post-treatment is carried out after zinc plating, the coating quickly darkens and white corrosion products ensue. In order to improve the corrosion resistance and appearance decoration performance of steel products, the steel products are generally passivated after being galvanized so as to form a chemical conversion coating on the surface of a zinc layer.
At present, most production lines use chromate passivation, wherein hexavalent chromium is high in toxicity and easy to cause cancer, the environment and human bodies are greatly damaged, trivalent chromium can be converted into hexavalent chromium during long-term storage and use, and the use and discharge of chromate are strictly limited by governments. Therefore, it is urgent to develop passivation technology meeting the environmental protection requirements.
The acid passivation systems reported at present are many, wherein silicate, molybdate, rare earth metal salt, organic matter and other systems exist, but a part of zinc can be dissolved in the galvanized sheet under the acid condition, so that the galvanized layer becomes thinner, and the occurrence of the condition can be effectively avoided under the alkaline condition, so that the thickness of the galvanized layer is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution, the pH value of the passivation solution is 8.5-9.5, and the passivation solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30g/L of sodium molybdate, 15-20mL/L of ammonia water, 5-8g/L of ammonium chloride, 5-10g/L of sodium fluoride, 13-20mL/L of ethanol and the balance of water.
The mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25-28%.
The water is deionized water.
The preparation method of the electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding deionized water with the volume of 50-70% of the volume of the passivation solution required by preparation into a beaker;
(2) respectively adding required amounts of sodium molybdate, ethanol, ammonium chloride and sodium fluoride into the deionized water obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring until the sodium molybdate, the ethanol, the ammonium chloride and the sodium fluoride are completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding ammonia water in required amount into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring until uniform mixing;
(4) and (4) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step (3) to 8.5-9.5, and supplementing water to the required volume to obtain the alkaline golden passivation solution.
The passivation process of the passivation solution comprises the following steps: see electrogalvanizing workpiece bright dipping (3% HNO)3Room temperature, 5 s) → passivation (room temperature, passivation time 20-30 s) → drying, and washing with water is required between each two steps.
The passivation solution can be used for a surface passivation treatment process after electrogalvanizing of steel parts, and a golden passivation film with uniform distribution and good corrosion resistance can be obtained after passivation treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the passivation solution does not contain toxic and harmful substances such as chromium and the like, and is environment-friendly.
(2) The passivation solution is stable, the passivation process is simple, the passivation film has high corrosion resistance, strong adhesive force and uniform film thickness.
(3) The combination of ammonia water and molybdate in the passivation solution is complementary, so that excessive zinc coating dissolved by acidic solution is effectively avoided, the thickness of the zinc coating is ensured, and the high requirement of molybdate on the thickness of the film is also reduced.
(4) The appearance of the zinc coating treated by the passivating solution is a uniformly distributed golden passivating film, and the time of white rust appearing in a neutral salt spray test exceeds 100 hours.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Example 1
The electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution has the pH value of 8.5 and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20g/L of sodium molybdate, 15mL/L of ammonia water, 5g/L of ammonium chloride, 5g/L of sodium fluoride and 13mL/L of ethanol, and the balance of water, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25%.
The preparation method of the electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution takes 1L of passivation solution as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 500mL of deionized water with the volume being 50% of the volume of the passivation solution required by preparation into a beaker;
(2) respectively adding required amounts of sodium molybdate (20 g), ethanol (13 mL), ammonium chloride (5 g) and sodium fluoride (5 g) into the deionized water obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring until the sodium molybdate, the ethanol, the ammonium chloride and the sodium fluoride are completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding ammonia water (15mL) in required amount into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring until the ammonia water and the solution are uniformly mixed;
(4) and (3) supplementing water to the required volume of the solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the pH value of the passivation solution is just 8.5, the pH value is not required to be adjusted, and if the pH value is not 8.5, hydrochloric acid or ammonia water can be adopted for adjustment, so that the alkaline golden passivation solution is obtained.
The passivation solution obtained in the example is used for electrogalvanizing low-carbon steel sheet (40 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 1 mm) in laboratory3) The passivation treatment of (1) is to electroplate the low-carbon steel sheet for 20min, then to wash the low-carbon steel sheet in deionized water, then to put the low-carbon steel sheet in nitric acid with the mass fraction of 3% to emit light for 5s, to soak the low-carbon steel sheet in the passivation solution of the embodiment for 20s at room temperature, to wash the low-carbon steel sheet in the deionized water, and to dry the low-carbon steel sheet by a blower.
The electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sample passivated by the method has the advantages of uniform and bright appearance color, golden yellow color, strong film adhesion and 100-hour neutral salt spray resistance experiment; under the conditions of sealing and no light and room temperature, after the passivation solution is stored for 180 days, the pH value of the passivation solution is detected to be not changed greatly, the color and the transparency are the same as those of the previous passivation solution, after the passivation solution is used for passivating the electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sheet, the appearance color of the passivated electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sample is uniform and bright and is golden yellow, the film adhesion is strong, the neutral salt spray resistance experiment can reach 95 hours,
example 2
The electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution has a pH value of 9.5 and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30g/L of sodium molybdate, 20mL/L of ammonia water, 8g/L of ammonium chloride, 10g/L of sodium fluoride, 20mL/L of ethanol and the balance of water, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 28%.
The preparation method of the electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution takes 1L of passivation solution as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deionized water with the volume being 60% of the volume of the required passivation solution is added into the beaker, namely 600 mL;
(2) respectively adding required amounts of sodium molybdate (30 g), ethanol (20mL), ammonium chloride (8 g) and sodium fluoride (10 g) into the deionized water obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring until the sodium molybdate, the ethanol, the ammonium chloride and the sodium fluoride are completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding ammonia water (20mL) in required amount into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring until the ammonia water and the solution are uniformly mixed;
(4) and (3) supplementing water to the required volume of the solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the pH value of the passivation solution is just 9.5, the pH value is not required to be adjusted, and if the pH value is not 9.5, hydrochloric acid or ammonia water can be adopted for adjustment, so that the alkaline golden passivation solution is obtained.
The passivation solution obtained in the example is used for electrogalvanizing low-carbon steel sheet (40 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 1 mm) in laboratory3) The passivation treatment of (1) is to clean the electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sheet in clean water, then put the steel sheet in nitric acid with the mass fraction of 3% to emit light for 5s, soak the steel sheet in the passivation solution of the embodiment for 30s at room temperature, clean the steel sheet in deionized water and then use the steel sheetAnd drying by a blower.
The electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sample passivated by the method has the advantages of uniform and bright appearance color, golden yellow color, strong film adhesion and 120-hour neutral salt spray resistance experiment; under the conditions of sealed invisible light and room temperature, after the passivation solution is stored for 180 days, the pH value of the passivation solution is detected to be not changed greatly, the color and the transparency are the same as those of the previous passivation solution, after the passivation solution is used for passivating the electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sheet, the appearance color of the passivated electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sample is uniform and bright, is golden yellow, the film layer adhesion is strong, the neutral salt spray resistance experiment can reach 115 hours,
example 3
The electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution has a pH value of 9.0 and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25g/L of sodium molybdate, 18mL/L of ammonia water, 6g/L of ammonium chloride, 7g/L of sodium fluoride, 15mL/L of ethanol and the balance of water, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 26%.
The preparation method of the electrogalvanizing alkaline golden passivation solution takes 1L of passivation solution as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) deionized water with the volume of 70% of the volume of the required passivation solution is added into a beaker, namely 700 mL;
(2) respectively adding required amounts of sodium molybdate (25 g), ethanol (15mL), ammonium chloride (6 g) and sodium fluoride (7 g) into the deionized water obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring until the sodium molybdate, the ethanol, the ammonium chloride and the sodium fluoride are completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding ammonia water (18 mL) in required amount into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring until the ammonia water and the solution are uniformly mixed;
(4) and (3) supplementing water to the required volume of the solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the pH value of the passivation solution is just 9.0, the pH value is not required to be adjusted, and if the pH value is not 9.0, hydrochloric acid or ammonia water can be adopted for adjustment, so that the alkaline golden passivation solution is obtained.
The passivation solution obtained in the example is used for electrogalvanizing low-carbon steel sheet (40 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 1 mm) in laboratory3) The passivation treatment of (1) is to electroplate the low-carbon steel sheet for 20min, then to wash the low-carbon steel sheet in clean water, then to put the low-carbon steel sheet in nitric acid with the mass fraction of 3% to emit light for 5s, and to use the passivation of the embodiment at room temperatureSoaking in the solution for 25s, washing with deionized water, and drying with blower.
The electrogalvanizing low-carbon steel sample passivated by the embodiment has uniform and bright appearance color, is golden yellow, has strong film adhesion, and can reach 110 hours in a neutral salt spray resistance experiment; under the conditions of sealing and no light and room temperature, after the passivation solution is stored for 180 days, the pH value of the passivation solution is detected to be not changed greatly, the color and the transparency are the same as those of the previous passivation solution, and after the passivation solution is used for passivating the electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sheet, the appearance color of the passivated electrogalvanized low-carbon steel sample is uniform and bright and is golden yellow, the film adhesion is strong, and the neutral salt spray resistance experiment can reach 100 hours.
Claims (1)
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| CN1026902C (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1994-12-07 | 北京化工学院 | Hydrophilic anti-corrosion film-forming agent on surface of aluminum heat exchanger and aluminum foil and film forming method |
| US6613390B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2003-09-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Compound, non-chromium conversion coatings for aluminum alloys |
| CN104911577B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-01-16 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy non-chromium alkaline passivation liquid and aluminium alloy passivating method |
| CN105755456B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-04-24 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of alkaline passivation liquid |
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