CN109461952B - Marine fuel cell cogeneration system - Google Patents
Marine fuel cell cogeneration system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109461952B CN109461952B CN201811378396.8A CN201811378396A CN109461952B CN 109461952 B CN109461952 B CN 109461952B CN 201811378396 A CN201811378396 A CN 201811378396A CN 109461952 B CN109461952 B CN 109461952B
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- fuel cell
- cooling
- heat exchanger
- cell stack
- air conditioning
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a marine fuel cell cogeneration system which comprises a fuel cell stack, a marine power grid, an expansion water tank, an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger, wherein the fuel cell stack is connected with the expansion water tank, the air conditioning system, the hot water supply heat exchanger, the heating heat exchanger and the water cooling plate heat exchanger through cooling pipelines. The invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the water temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell stack can be utilized in a high-temperature and gradable manner, adopts the radiator arranged in the hull for supplying heat to the cabin and/or providing hot water required for life, simultaneously the system also fully utilizes the natural low-temperature heat source function of seawater, does not need a radiator fan and has no parasitic power consumption, improves the efficiency of the fuel cell system, simultaneously has abnormally high water temperature of the fuel cell system under the abnormal working condition of the system, and adopts the cell cooler in the loop of the air conditioning system to rapidly cool the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a cogeneration system of a fuel cell for a ship.
Background
A fuel cell is a clean power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into direct current electrical energy. The working principle is that chemical energy of substances is converted into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, substances required by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell are continuously supplemented from the outside, and the electric energy and the heat energy can be continuously output as long as fuel is supplied.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are electrochemical power generation devices using hydrogen as a Fuel and oxygen as an oxidant. Due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, the energy conversion system is widely applied to automobiles.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can generate heat in the operation process, the heat needs to be transferred out through a radiator to control the temperature of the cell, the traditional radiator has the defects of large volume, high energy consumption, high noise and the like, and the defects are more serious along with the increase of the capacity of the cell. The space on the ship is limited, if the traditional radiator is applied to the ship, the traditional radiator not only occupies the space but also greatly reduces the experience of tourists on the ship, and in order to solve the problem, the invention provides the following technical scheme by fully utilizing the heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cogeneration system of a fuel cell for a ship.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell cogeneration system for a ship comprises a fuel cell stack, a power grid for the ship, an expansion water tank, an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger, wherein the fuel cell stack is connected with the expansion water tank, the air conditioning system, the hot water supply heat exchanger, the heating heat exchanger and the water cooling plate heat exchanger through cooling pipelines;
the fuel cell stack is connected with a hydrogen supply system and an oxygen supply system, the fuel cell stack is also connected with a marine power grid through a DC-DC voltage transformation device, the cooling pipeline forms a closed loop, cooling liquid flows through the cooling pipeline, and one part of the cooling pipeline is laid on the fuel cell stack;
the cooling pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor T2 at one end leaving the fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1 at one end entering the fuel cell stack, the cooling pipeline is connected with an expansion water tank at one end leaving the fuel cell stack after cooling liquid absorbs heat and is heated, the expansion water tank is respectively connected with an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heat supply heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger through the cooling pipeline, and a cooling water pump and a filter are further mounted on the cooling pipeline;
the hot water supply heat exchanger adopts a plate heat exchanger, a three-way valve is arranged at the joint of the liquid inlet end of the hot water supply heat exchanger and the cooling pipeline, a switch electromagnetic valve M3 is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger is communicated with the cooling pipeline to form a closed loop;
the water cooling plate heat exchanger is arranged at the bottom of the ship body;
air conditioning system includes air conditioner cooler, air conditioner evaporimeter and battery cooler (beller), and the air conditioner cooler passes through cooling line connection air conditioner evaporimeter and battery cooler, and the inlet of air conditioner evaporimeter is provided with the three-way valve, the feed liquor one end of air conditioner cooler is provided with switch solenoid valve M1, and the play liquid one end of air conditioner cooler forms closed circuit with the cooling line switch-on, the feed liquor one end of battery cooler is provided with switch solenoid valve M2, and the play liquid one end of battery cooler forms closed circuit with the cooling line switch-on.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the cooling water pump is in communication connection with a controller, the controller is connected with a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature of the fuel cell stack and transmit the detected temperature to the controller, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotation speed when the temperature increases, and controls the cooling water pump to decrease the rotation speed when the temperature decreases.
As a further scheme of the invention, the battery cooler, the switch electromagnetic valve M1 and the switch electromagnetic valve M2 are all connected with a controller, and when the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a set threshold value T and the rotating speed of the cooling water pump does not reach the highest rotating speed, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotating speed so as to control the water temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell stack; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is reduced at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state, and if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is continuously increased at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state;
if the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state: the controller directly opens the switch electromagnetic valve M2 to make the high-temperature cooling water of the electric pile flow into the battery cooler, and the electric pile is cooled by absorbing heat through the refrigerant;
if the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state: the controller controls the air conditioning system to be started, namely, the switching electromagnetic valves M1 and M2 and the battery cooler are started, and then the electric pile is cooled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the water temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell stack can be utilized in a high-temperature and gradable manner, adopts the radiator arranged in the hull for supplying heat to the cabin and/or providing hot water required for life, simultaneously the system also fully utilizes the natural low-temperature heat source function of seawater, does not need a radiator fan and has no parasitic power consumption, improves the efficiency of the fuel cell system, simultaneously has abnormally high water temperature of the fuel cell system under the abnormal working condition of the system, and adopts the cell cooler in the loop of the air conditioning system to rapidly cool the system.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A fuel cell cogeneration system for a ship is shown in figure 1 and comprises a fuel cell stack, a ship power grid, an expansion water tank, an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger, wherein the fuel cell stack is connected with the expansion water tank, the air conditioning system, the hot water supply heat exchanger, the heating heat exchanger and the water cooling plate heat exchanger through cooling pipelines.
The fuel cell stack is connected with a hydrogen supply system and an oxygen supply system, wherein the hydrogen supply system provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, the oxygen supply system provides air for the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack is also connected with a marine power grid through a DC-DC voltage transformation device to supply power for electric equipment on a ship, the cooling pipeline forms a closed loop, cooling liquid flows in the cooling pipeline, one part of the cooling pipeline is connected with a cooling water outlet and a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack to transfer heat generated by the fuel cell stack in the working process;
the cooling pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor T2 at one end away from the fuel cell stack, the cooling pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1 at one end entering the fuel cell stack, the cooling pipeline is connected with an expansion water tank at one end away from the fuel cell stack after the cooling liquid absorbs heat and is heated, the expansion water tank is respectively connected with an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heat supply heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger through the cooling pipeline, a cooling water pump and a filter are further installed on the cooling pipeline, wherein the cooling water pump provides power for the flowing of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline, the filter is used for filtering impurities, the problem that the stack, equipment or a pipeline is blocked due to excessive impurities to influence on the normal operation of the system is prevented, the cooling water pump is in communication connection with a controller, the controller is connected with the temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack and transmitting the detected temperature to the controller, when the temperature rises, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotating speed, and when the temperature falls, the controller controls the cooling water pump to decrease the rotating speed, so that the temperature of the fuel cell system is ensured to be within a normal working range.
The hot water supply heat exchanger adopts a plate type heat exchanger, a three-way valve is arranged at the joint of the liquid inlet end of the hot water supply heat exchanger and a cooling pipeline, the hot water supply heat exchanger heats water through introduced high-temperature cooling liquid to provide hot water for a ship and simultaneously cool the cooling liquid, a switch electromagnetic valve M3 is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger, the liquid outlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger is communicated with the cooling pipeline to form a closed loop, the heat supply heat exchanger heats cabin air through introducing the high-temperature cooling liquid and simultaneously plays a role in cooling the cooling liquid;
the water-cooling plate heat exchanger is arranged at the bottom of the ship body, heat is transferred according to the sequence of the water-cooling plate heat exchanger, the ship body and seawater, a heat dissipation fan which is necessary for a traditional radiator is omitted, and parasitic power consumption is avoided.
The air conditioning system comprises an air conditioning cooler, an air conditioning evaporator and a battery cooler (chiller), wherein the air conditioning cooler is connected with the air conditioning evaporator and the battery cooler through cooling pipelines, a liquid inlet of the air conditioning evaporator is provided with a three-way valve, one end of a liquid inlet of the air conditioning cooler is provided with a switch electromagnetic valve M1, one end of a liquid outlet of the air conditioning cooler is communicated with the cooling pipelines to form a closed loop, one end of the liquid inlet of the battery cooler is provided with a switch electromagnetic valve M2, and one end of the liquid outlet of the battery cooler is communicated with the cooling pipelines to form a closed loop;
the battery cooler, the switch electromagnetic valve M1 and the switch electromagnetic valve M2 are all connected with a controller, and when the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a set threshold value T and the rotating speed of the cooling water pump does not reach the highest rotating speed, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotating speed to control the water temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell stack; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is reduced at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state, and if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is continuously increased at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state;
if the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state: the controller directly opens the switch electromagnetic valve M2 to make the high-temperature cooling water of the electric pile flow into the battery cooler, and the electric pile is cooled by absorbing heat through the refrigerant;
if the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state: the controller controls the air conditioning system to be started, namely, the switching electromagnetic valves M1 and M2 and the battery cooler are started, and then the electric pile is cooled.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (2)
1. A fuel cell cogeneration system for a ship is characterized by comprising a fuel cell stack, a power grid for the ship, an expansion water tank, an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger, wherein the fuel cell stack is connected with the expansion water tank, the air conditioning system, the hot water supply heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger through cooling pipelines;
the fuel cell stack is connected with a hydrogen supply system and an oxygen supply system, the fuel cell stack is also connected with a marine power grid through a DC-DC voltage transformation device, the cooling pipeline forms a closed loop, cooling liquid flows in the cooling pipeline, and one part of the cooling pipeline is connected with a cooling water outlet and a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the cooling pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor T2 at the cooling water outlet end of the fuel cell stack, the cooling pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1 at the cooling water inlet end of the fuel cell stack, one end of the cooling pipeline, which leaves the fuel cell stack after cooling liquid absorbs heat and is heated, is connected with an expansion water tank, the expansion water tank is respectively connected with an air conditioning system, a hot water supply heat exchanger, a heat supply heat exchanger and a water cooling plate heat exchanger through the cooling pipeline, and a cooling water pump and a filter are further installed on the cooling pipeline;
the hot water supply heat exchanger adopts a plate heat exchanger, a three-way valve is arranged at the joint of the liquid inlet end of the hot water supply heat exchanger and the cooling pipeline, a switch electromagnetic valve M3 is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet end of the heat supply heat exchanger is communicated with the cooling pipeline to form a closed loop;
the water cooling plate heat exchanger is arranged at the bottom of the ship body;
the air conditioning system comprises an air conditioning cooler, an air conditioning evaporator and a battery cooler, wherein the air conditioning cooler is connected with the air conditioning evaporator and the battery cooler through cooling pipelines, a three-way valve is arranged at a liquid inlet of the air conditioning evaporator, a switch electromagnetic valve M1 is arranged at one liquid inlet end of the air conditioning cooler, one liquid outlet end of the air conditioning cooler is communicated with the cooling pipelines to form a closed loop, a switch electromagnetic valve M2 is arranged at one liquid inlet end of the battery cooler, and one liquid outlet end of the battery cooler is communicated with the cooling pipelines to form a closed loop;
the battery cooler, the switch electromagnetic valve M1 and the switch electromagnetic valve M2 are all connected with a controller, and when the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a set threshold value T and the rotating speed of the cooling water pump does not reach the highest rotating speed, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotating speed to control the water temperature at the outlet of the fuel cell stack; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is reduced at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state, and if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is continuously increased at the moment, the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state;
if the controller judges that the system is in a normal operation state: the controller directly opens the switch electromagnetic valve M2 to make the high-temperature cooling water of the electric pile flow into the battery cooler, and the electric pile is cooled by absorbing heat through the refrigerant;
if the controller judges that the system is in an abnormal operation state: the controller controls the air conditioning system to be started, namely, the switching electromagnetic valves M1 and M2 and the battery cooler are started, and then the electric pile is cooled.
2. The cogeneration system for the marine fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water pump is in communication connection with the controller, the controller is connected with a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack and transmitting the detected temperature to the controller, the controller controls the cooling water pump to increase the rotating speed when the temperature is increased, and controls the cooling water pump to decrease the rotating speed when the temperature is decreased.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811378396.8A CN109461952B (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2018-11-19 | Marine fuel cell cogeneration system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811378396.8A CN109461952B (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2018-11-19 | Marine fuel cell cogeneration system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109461952A CN109461952A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
| CN109461952B true CN109461952B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811378396.8A Active CN109461952B (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2018-11-19 | Marine fuel cell cogeneration system |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110649280A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cogeneration system and device |
| CN111431163A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Household cogeneration system and control method |
| CN112678139A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 大连海事大学 | Ship cabin heating system using fuel cell heat dissipation water as heat source |
| CN113258097B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-05-20 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
| CN114156501A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-08 | 大连海事大学 | Fuel cell cooling system for ship |
| CN114156502A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-08 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell cogeneration system |
| CN114361516A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-15 | 中科嘉鸿(佛山市)新能源科技有限公司 | A composite energy ship cooling system, control unit and control method |
| CN115395049A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Heat dissipation system and method for household fuel cell cogeneration |
| GB2624701B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2025-01-29 | Acua Ocean Ltd | A fuel cell system |
| CN116072918B (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-07-04 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Marine proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system |
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| CN109461952A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
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