CN109458864B - Capillary pump loop heat pipe with outer space working capacity and working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a capillary pump loop heat pipe with outer space working capacity and a working method, wherein the heat pipe comprises a main evaporator, a main radiation heat dissipation plate, a steam pipeline, a liquid phase pipeline, a liquid storage chamber, a regulating chamber, an auxiliary evaporator, an auxiliary radiation heat dissipation plate, a main liquid phase pipeline valve, a main steam valve and an auxiliary steam valve; the main evaporator comprises different areas such as a liquid phase channel area, a liquid absorption core area, a steam channel area, an outer pipe wall and the like; the liquid absorption core comprises an evaporation liquid absorption core and a heat insulation liquid absorption core which are made of different materials and have equivalent pore diameters; the auxiliary evaporator optimizes the starting through the displacement effect of steam before starting, and the auxiliary radiation heat dissipation plate and the auxiliary evaporator lead out the gas-bubble-containing liquid-phase working medium in the main evaporator and eliminate bubbles, so that the heat leakage problem in the stable operation stage is solved, and the operation stability of the heat pipe is improved; the liquid storage chamber separates the liquid storage area from the adjusting area, so that the adjusting sensitivity is improved and the energy consumption is reduced; the heat pipe structure has wide practical prospect in the field of external space heat dissipation.

Description

A capillary pump loop heat pipe capable of working in outer space and its working method

technical field

The invention relates to a space cooling technology, which is suitable for heat transfer in an outer space environment where weightlessness and no gas medium such as air participate, in particular to a capillary pump loop heat pipe with outer space working capability and a working method.

Background technique

With the development of space technology, the energy consumption of devices working in space tends to be high, and the working time tends to be long-term, which is accompanied by greater energy demand, and no matter what form of energy eventually has to be Leaving the space device in the form of heat, if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will inevitably lead to an increase in the temperature of the heat-generating element and its surroundings, causing irreversible damage to the working element. Since there is no air convection and no heat conduction by external materials in space, the only way to dissipate heat is thermal radiation. To achieve high-power radiation heat dissipation, a large heat dissipation area is necessary. The contradiction is that a large-area radiant plate cannot be directly installed near the heat-generating components. Therefore, space technology requires a high-power, small-volume, long-distance, and efficient heat transfer system with the ability to work under zero-gravity conditions to achieve heat export and dissipation.

The capillary pump loop heat pipe is one of the effective ways to achieve the above functional requirements. The capillary pump loop heat pipe is a closed loop type heat pipe, which is essentially a phase change heat pipe. It generally consists of an evaporator, a condenser, a liquid accumulator, and a vapor line and a liquid line. The working principle of the capillary pump heat pipe is: the working medium vaporizes and absorbs heat at the evaporator, the steam takes away heat when it leaves the evaporator, the steam reaches the radiant panel through the steam pipe, condenses and liquefies at the position of the radiant panel, and the radiant panel dissipates heat through radiation heat dissipation, The condensed working medium is refluxed from the liquid phase line to the evaporator.

Compared with the traditional heat pipe, the main feature of the capillary pump loop heat pipe is that the channels of the liquid working medium and the gaseous working medium are independent of each other, and the liquid wick only exists in the evaporator. The corresponding advantages are as follows: 1. The pressure drop along the working fluid is reduced, the mass transfer capacity of the heat pipe is improved, and the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is further improved. 2. The gas phase and liquid phase pipelines are arranged more flexible and the transmission distance is longer. 3. The circulating power is provided by the capillary pump, which can work continuously without gravity and without external mechanical power input, which is suitable for the weightless conditions of outer space.

As a key component, the liquid wick of the capillary pump loop heat pipe needs to meet the following requirements: low thermal conductivity, which is to prevent heat leakage, that is, to prevent vaporization in the liquid phase channel; high permeability, which is to reduce the liquid phase working medium in Pressure loss during transport in the wick; small equivalent pore size, which is intended to provide higher capillary force, paradoxically, decreasing the equivalent pore size is often accompanied by a decrease in permeability.

The capillary pump loop heat pipe has many advantages, but the traditional capillary pump heat pipe still has defects: the heat leakage of the evaporator leads to the decrease of heat transfer capacity and even the deterioration of heat transfer; the contradiction between high capillary force and high permeability on pore size requirements; the startup process with marked overheating. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new capillary pump loop heat pipe that can overcome the above shortcomings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a capillary pump loop heat pipe with outer space working capability and a working method, including a new wick structure, a new layout and a corresponding start-up operation process. , so as to realize stable startup and work in the outer space environment, and provide efficient heat transfer performance.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A capillary pump loop heat pipe capable of working in outer space, comprising a main evaporator 1, a main radiant heat sink 2, a steam pipeline 3, a liquid phase pipeline 4, an auxiliary evaporator 5, an auxiliary radiant heat sink 6, a liquid storage chamber 7, Adjustment chamber 8, insulation baffle 9, limit ring 10, main liquid phase pipeline valve 11, main steam valve 12 and auxiliary steam valve 13; the specific connection method is as follows: the main evaporator 1 is one or more, and when there are more than one , in parallel with each other, one or more main evaporators 1 have holes on the side and are connected to the steam pipe 3, and the other end of the steam pipe 3 is connected to the inlet of the main radiant heat sink 2 in the outer space; the outlet of the main radiant heat sink 2 is connected to the liquid phase pipeline 4; The liquid phase pipeline 4 is connected to the liquid phase channel of the main evaporator from one end of the one or more main evaporators 1, and the other end of the one or more main evaporators 1 is connected to the auxiliary radiant heat dissipation plate 6, the auxiliary The evaporator 5, the liquid storage chamber 7 and the adjustment chamber 8; the auxiliary evaporator 5 is installed with the main liquid phase pipeline valve 11 at the outlet of one end of the auxiliary radiant heat dissipation plate 6; the liquid storage chamber 7 and the adjustment chamber 8 share a rigid container, and the middle of the two The insulating baffle 9 is used as the boundary between the two, and the limit ring 10 is fixedly installed on the container walls of the liquid storage chamber 7 and the adjustment chamber 8. The movable range of the insulating baffle 9 is limited by the limit ring 10; the auxiliary evaporator The side opening of 5 is connected to the auxiliary steam valve 13, and finally connected to the steam pipeline 3 between the main evaporator 1 and the main radiant heat sink 2.

The main evaporator 1 includes a main evaporator liquid phase channel 1.1, an insulating capillary wick 1.2, an evaporative capillary wick 1.3, a circumferential steam channel 1.4, an axial steam channel 1.5 and an outer tube wall 1.6; the outer tube wall 1.6. The tube wall 1.6, the evaporative capillary wick 1.3 and the insulating capillary wick 1.2 all maintain an interference fit, and the main evaporator liquid phase channel 1.1 is surrounded by the insulating capillary wick 1.2; the circumferential steam channel 1.4 is Alternately distributed annular channels with rectangular sections inside the outer tube wall 1.6, the axial steam channel 1.5 is the axial channel between the outer tube wall 1.6 and the evaporative capillary wick 1.3, and the side openings of the outer tube wall 1.6 make the axial The steam channel 1.5 is connected to the steam channel 3; the cross section of the evaporative capillary wick 1.3 does not present a standard annular shape, it is close to one side of the axial steam channel 1.5, and the cross section of the outer tube wall 1.6 along the axial steam channel 1.5 The connecting line between the two end points on the circle is cut to provide a larger axial steam flow area.

The capillary wick of the main evaporator 1 adopts a layered structure, which is reflected in the different wick materials. The evaporation capillary wick 1.3 is made of powder sintered metal or foamed metal of materials with good thermal conductivity of copper, aluminum or nickel. Structure, heat-insulating capillary wick 1.2 adopts sintered wick of ceramic particles or plastic particles with poor thermal conductivity.

The capillary wick of the main evaporator 1 adopts a layered structure, which is reflected in the difference in the equivalent pore size of the wick. The equivalent pore size of the evaporative wick is equal to or greater than that of the evaporative wick structure, and the 1.3 equivalent pore size of the evaporative capillary wick must meet:

Δp represents the entire pipeline pressure loss under the design heat transfer power, σ represents the surface tension of the liquid working medium at the working temperature, and d represents the equivalent pore diameter of the evaporative wick.

The auxiliary evaporator 5 adopts a single type of capillary wick, which is sintered from ceramic particles with poor thermal conductivity or high temperature resistant plastic particles, and the equivalent aperture of the capillary wick of the auxiliary evaporator 5 is less than or equal to Equivalent aperture of the evaporation capillary wick 1.3 of the main evaporator 1.

The material of the main radiation radiating plate 2 is selected from metals such as aluminum and titanium, and its outer surface is painted and plated to achieve high emissivity and low solar energy absorption ratio at the set working temperature.

The liquid storage chamber 7 is completely filled with liquid-phase working medium and maintains a certain degree of subcooling.

The working medium in the adjustment chamber 8 always maintains the state of two-phase coexistence, and an active temperature control device is installed in it to control the pressure and volume of the adjustment chamber 8 through heat input, thereby controlling the volume of the liquid-phase working medium in the liquid storage chamber 7 , and then control the working medium quality and working pressure in the working loop, and play a regulating role on the working conditions of the entire loop.

The steam passage 3 and the liquid phase passage 4 are both circular-section pipes with smooth inner walls, and the specific diameters can be adjusted as required.

The working method of the capillary pump loop heat pipe with the ability to work in outer space: at the beginning of startup, open the valve 11 of the main liquid phase pipeline, input heat into the adjustment chamber 8, expand the volume, and push the insulating baffle 9 to move toward the end of the liquid storage chamber 7, Push the liquid-phase working medium into the auxiliary evaporator 5 and the liquid-phase channel 4, and the volume of the working medium injected enables the liquid-phase working medium to fill the entire main evaporator 1 and the liquid-phase channel 4; after the liquid injection is completed, open the main steam valve 12 and the auxiliary steam valve 13, and input heat to the auxiliary evaporator 5. After stable operation for a preset time, the liquid in the circumferential steam passage 1.4 and the axial steam passage 1.5 of the main evaporator 1 will be re-displaced into the liquid phase passage 4. ; After that, input heat into the main evaporator 1, so that the stable startup of the main evaporator 1 can be achieved;

During steady state operation: the liquid-phase working medium enters the main evaporator 1 from the liquid-phase pipeline 1.1 of the main evaporator, most of the liquid-phase working medium is converted into steam and takes away a lot of heat, and the steam is collected in the axial steam through the circumferential steam channel 1.4. Passage 1.5, and finally enters the steam pipe 3 from the side of the main evaporator 1; the steam reaches the main radiant heat sink 2 arranged in the outer space from the steam pipe 3, gradually condenses and releases the latent heat of vaporization in the process of advancing, and finally leaves the main radiant When the cooling plate 2 enters the liquid phase pipeline 4, it maintains a certain degree of subcooling; due to the suction effect of the capillary wick in the auxiliary evaporator 5, another small part of the liquid phase working medium entering the main evaporator 1 will be wrapped around the main evaporator. The air bubbles generated by the heat leakage of the evaporator 1 enter the auxiliary radiation radiating plate 6, where the steam will be transformed into a pure liquid phase again.

The outstanding advantages of the capillary pump heat pipe structure proposed in the present invention are:

1. In terms of power, the capillary wick is used as the power source to overcome the flow resistance, which can not rely on gravity and external mechanical force, so it is suitable for the weightless environment of outer space. In terms of energy, the main radiation heat dissipation plate 2 is used as the heat dissipation element, which is suitable for the airless environment of the outer space. The combination of the two makes the structure have the ability to work in outer space.

2. Layer the capillary wick of the main evaporator 1 to meet the functional requirements of the capillary wick for heat conduction, heat insulation, providing high capillary force and maintaining high permeability. It is further reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the material is different, and on the other hand, the equivalent pore size is different. Evaporation capillary wick 1.3 adopts metal material with high thermal conductivity and small porosity aperture, the purpose is to expand the effective evaporation range, reduce the thermal resistance of heat conduction, and provide high capillary force. The heat-insulating capillary wick 1.2 is made of non-metallic materials with low thermal conductivity and large porosity. The purpose is to prevent heat from penetrating into the liquid phase channel, prevent the vaporization of the working fluid in the liquid phase channel 1.1 of the main evaporator, and reduce the liquid Flow resistance to maintain high permeability.

3. Solve the problem of heat leakage through the auxiliary evaporator 5 and the auxiliary radiant heat dissipation plate 6 . The main evaporator 1 does not become the end point of the liquid phase working medium path, and is followed by an auxiliary radiation heat sink 6 and an auxiliary evaporator 5. Even if the liquid phase channel 1.1 in the main evaporator 1 leaks heat and generates bubbles, due to the auxiliary Due to the suction effect of the evaporator 5 , the air bubbles will not accumulate in the main evaporator 1 , but will further advance to the auxiliary radiant heat sink 6 , re-condensed, and finally enter the auxiliary evaporator 5 .

4. The start-up performance is optimized by the auxiliary evaporator 5. At the beginning of the startup, the auxiliary evaporator 5 works first to generate steam. Since the main evaporator 1 and the steam pipeline 3 of the auxiliary evaporator 5 are connected, the steam generated by the auxiliary evaporator 5 can play a displacement role, so that the main evaporator The liquid-phase working medium in the circumferential steam passage of 1.4 and the axial steam passage 1.5 of 1.4 is removed, which is beneficial to realize the smooth start of the main evaporator 1.

5. The traditional liquid storage chamber is divided into a liquid storage chamber 7 and an adjustment chamber 8, and the middle is separated by an insulating partition 9, which improves the sensitivity of adjustment and reduces energy consumption.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a capillary pump loop heat pipe with space working capability according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the main evaporator of the capillary pump loop heat pipe in the present invention.

3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the main evaporator of the capillary pump loop heat pipe in the present invention.

Description of drawings: 1-main evaporator, 2-main radiant heat sink, 3-steam pipeline, 4-liquid phase pipeline, 5-auxiliary evaporator, 6-auxiliary radiant heat sink, 7-liquid storage chamber, 8-adjustment Chamber, 9-insulation baffle, 10-limit ring, 11-main liquid phase pipeline valves, 12-main steam valve, 13-auxiliary steam valve.

1.1-Main evaporator liquid phase channel, 1.2-Insulation capillary wick, 1.3-Evaporation capillary wick, 1.4-Circumferential steam channel, 1.5-Axial steam channel, 1.6-Outer tube wall.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the capillary pump loop heat pipe; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main evaporator perpendicular to the axial direction, and Figure 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the main evaporator.

In Figure 1, the liquid-phase working medium enters the main evaporator 1 from the liquid-phase pipeline 1.1 of the main evaporator, most of the liquid-phase working medium is converted into steam and takes away a lot of heat, and the steam is collected in the axial steam through the circumferential steam channel 1.4 Channel 1.5, which finally enters the steam pipe 3 from the side of the main evaporator 1. The steam reaches the main radiant heat dissipation plate 2 arranged in the outer space from the steam pipe 3, gradually condenses and releases the latent heat of vaporization in the process of advancing, and maintains a certain degree of subcooling when it finally leaves the main radiation heat dissipation plate 2 and enters the liquid phase pipe 4. . Due to the suction effect of the capillary wick in the auxiliary evaporator 5, another small part of the liquid-phase working medium entering the main evaporator 1 will entrain the air bubbles generated by the heat leakage of the main evaporator 1 and enter the auxiliary radiation radiating plate 6, where the steam will back to the pure liquid phase. In the traditional design, since the main evaporator is the end point of the liquid phase working medium, the bubbles generated by the heat leakage of the main evaporator 1 will accumulate in the liquid phase channel 1.1 of the main evaporator 1, resulting in a decrease in the heat transfer capacity, and the working condition is no longer stable. .

In Fig. 1, at the beginning of the startup, the valve 11 of the main liquid phase pipeline is opened first, the heat is input to the adjustment chamber 8, the volume of the two-phase working medium in the adjustment chamber expands, the insulating baffle 9 is pushed to the end of the liquid storage chamber 7, and the liquid phase is pushed. The working medium enters the auxiliary evaporator 5 and the liquid phase channel 4 , and the volume of the working medium injected enables the liquid-phase working medium to fill the entire main evaporator 1 and the liquid phase channel 4 . After the liquid injection is completed, open the main steam valve 12 and the auxiliary steam valve 13, and input heat to the auxiliary evaporator 5. After a period of stable operation, the liquid in the circumferential steam passage 1.4 and the axial steam passage 1.5 of the main evaporator 1 will be re-displaced into the liquid phase channel 4 . After that, heat is input into the main evaporator 1, so that the stable startup of the main evaporator 1 can be achieved.

In the auxiliary evaporator 5 in Fig. 1, the structure of the auxiliary evaporator 5 is no longer required to adopt the double-layer capillary wick structure as the main evaporator, but only the single-layer capillary wick structure. On the premise of satisfying the capillary suction force Priority is given to thermal insulation performance, and the design power is much smaller than that of the main evaporator 1.

In Figures 2 and 3, the cross-sectional views of the main evaporator 1 in two directions, the liquid phase working medium enters the insulating capillary wick 1.2 and the evaporation capillary wick 1.3 from the liquid phase pipeline 1.1 of the main evaporator. The inside of the capillary wick 1.3 is vaporized, and the vapor enters the circumferential vapor channel 1.4 on the outer tube wall 1.6 and collects in the axial vapor channel 1.5. Evaporation capillary wick 1.3 is made of materials with good thermal conductivity, in order to expand the effective evaporation area, thereby reducing thermal resistance. The reason why a small equivalent pore size is used is that the position where the capillary suction force is generated is the interface between the gas phase and the liquid phase, and the equivalent pore size satisfies:

Δp represents the entire pipeline pressure loss under the design heat transfer power, σ represents the surface tension of the liquid working fluid at the working temperature, and d represents the equivalent pore diameter of the liquid-absorbing wick at the gas-liquid interface. The function of the insulating capillary wick 1.2 is to prevent the wick from conducting heat into the liquid phase channel 1.1 of the main evaporator. Once the temperature inside the insulating capillary wick 1.2 reaches the corresponding saturation temperature under the pressure of the liquid channel 1.1 of the main evaporator, It may lead to the vaporization of the liquid phase working medium, that is, heat leakage occurs. Therefore, the heat-insulating capillary wick 1.2 is required to have good heat-insulating properties to reduce heat leakage.

Claims (8)

1. A capillary pump loop heat pipe with outer space working capacity is characterized in that: the system comprises a main evaporator (1), a main radiation heat dissipation plate (2), a steam pipeline (3), a liquid phase pipeline (4), an auxiliary evaporator (5), an auxiliary radiation heat dissipation plate (6), a liquid storage chamber (7), a regulating chamber (8), a heat insulation partition plate (9), a limiting ring (10), a main liquid phase pipeline valve (11), a main steam valve (12) and an auxiliary steam valve (13); the specific connection mode is as follows: one or more main evaporators (1) are connected in parallel when a plurality of main evaporators are used, the side surfaces of one or more main evaporators (1) are provided with holes and are communicated with a steam pipeline (3), a main steam valve (12) is arranged on the steam pipeline close to the side surface hole end of the main evaporator (1), and the other end of the steam pipeline (3) is connected to an inlet of a main radiation heat dissipation plate (2) in an outer space; the outlet of the main radiation heat dissipation plate (2) is connected with a liquid phase pipeline (4); the liquid phase pipeline (4) is connected into a liquid phase channel of the main evaporator from one end of one or more main evaporators (1), and the other end of one or more main evaporators (1) is sequentially connected with the auxiliary radiation heat dissipation plate (6), the auxiliary evaporator (5), the liquid storage chamber (7) and the adjusting chamber (8) through the liquid phase pipeline (4) again; a main liquid phase pipeline valve (11) is arranged at an outlet of one end of the auxiliary evaporator (5) close to the auxiliary radiation cooling plate (6); the liquid storage chamber (7) and the adjusting chamber (8) share one rigid container, a heat insulation partition plate (9) is used as a boundary between the liquid storage chamber (7) and the adjusting chamber (8), a limiting ring (10) is fixedly arranged on the container wall of the liquid storage chamber (7) and the adjusting chamber (8), and the moving range of the heat insulation partition plate (9) is limited by the limiting ring (10); the side opening of the auxiliary evaporator (5) is connected with an auxiliary steam valve (13) and is finally connected into a steam pipeline (3) between the main evaporator (1) and the main radiation heat dissipation plate (2);

the main evaporator (1) comprises a main evaporator liquid phase channel (1.1), a heat insulation capillary liquid absorption core (1.2), an evaporation capillary liquid absorption core (1.3), a circumferential steam channel (1.4), an axial steam channel (1.5) and an outer pipe wall (1.6); interference fit is kept between the outer pipe wall (1.6) and the evaporation capillary wick (1.3), and between the evaporation capillary wick (1.3) and the heat insulation capillary wick (1.2), and the main evaporator liquid phase channel (1.1) is surrounded by the heat insulation capillary wick (1.2); the circumferential steam channel (1.4) is a plurality of annular channels which are arranged on the inner side of the outer pipe wall (1.6) and are axially spaced and uniformly distributed along the main evaporator, two ends of each annular channel are respectively communicated with the axial steam channel (1.5), and the cross section of each annular channel in the axial direction of the main evaporator is rectangular; the axial steam channel (1.5) is an axial channel between the outer tube wall (1.6) and the evaporation capillary wick (1.3), and the lateral surface of the outer tube wall (1.6) is provided with a hole so that the axial steam channel (1.5) is communicated with the steam pipeline (3); the cross section of the evaporation capillary wick (1.3) does not present a standard circular ring shape, one side of the evaporation capillary wick, which is close to the axial steam channel (1.5), is cut along a connecting line between two side end points of the axial steam channel (1.5) on the cross section circle of the outer pipe wall (1.6) so as to provide a larger axial steam through-flow area;

at the beginning of starting, a main liquid phase pipeline valve (11) is opened, heat is input into an adjusting chamber (8), the volume is expanded, a heat insulation partition plate (9) is pushed to move towards the end of a liquid storage chamber (7), liquid phase working media are pushed to enter an auxiliary evaporator (5) and a liquid phase pipeline (4), and the liquid phase working media can fill the whole main evaporator (1) and the whole liquid phase pipeline (4) by the injected volume of the working media; after liquid injection is finished, opening a main steam valve (12) and an auxiliary steam valve (13), inputting heat to an auxiliary evaporator (5), and after stable operation is carried out for a preset time, liquid in a circumferential steam channel (1.4) and an axial steam channel (1.5) of the main evaporator (1) is squeezed again to enter a liquid phase pipeline (4); then, heat is input into the main evaporator (1), so that the stable starting of the main evaporator (1) can be realized.

2. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the capillary liquid absorption cores of the main evaporator (1) are of a layered structure and are different on a liquid absorption core material, the evaporation capillary liquid absorption cores (1.3) are of a powder sintered metal or foam metal structure made of a material with good heat conductivity of copper, aluminum or nickel, and the heat insulation capillary liquid absorption cores (1.2) are made of sintered liquid absorption cores made of ceramic particles or plastic particles with poor heat conductivity.

3. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the capillary wick of main evaporator (1) adopts layered structure, embodies different on imbibition equivalent aperture, and the equivalent aperture of evaporation capillary wick (1.3) is in 1 ~ 100 micron within range, and the equivalent aperture of thermal-insulated capillary wick (1.2) equals or is greater than the equivalent aperture of evaporation capillary wick (1.3), and evaporation capillary wick (1.3) equivalent aperture must satisfy:

Δ p represents the whole-process pipeline pressure loss under the designed heat transfer power, σ represents the surface tension of the liquid phase working medium at the working temperature, and d represents the equivalent pore diameter of the evaporation capillary wick (1.3).

4. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary evaporator (5) adopts a single capillary liquid absorbing core, the capillary liquid absorbing core is formed by sintering ceramic particles with poor heat conductivity or high-temperature resistant plastic particles, and the equivalent aperture of the capillary liquid absorbing core of the auxiliary evaporator (5) is smaller than or equal to that of the evaporation capillary liquid absorbing core (1.3) of the main evaporator (1).

5. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the main radiation heat dissipation plate (2) is made of aluminum and titanium, and the outer surface of the main radiation heat dissipation plate is painted and coated to achieve high emissivity and low absorption ratio of solar energy at a set working temperature.

6. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid storage chamber (7) is completely filled with a liquid phase working medium and keeps a certain supercooling degree; the working medium in the adjusting chamber (8) is always kept in a two-phase coexistence state, an active temperature control device is arranged in the adjusting chamber, and the pressure and the volume of the adjusting chamber (8) are controlled through heat input, so that the volume of the liquid-phase working medium in the liquid storage chamber (7) is controlled, the quality and the working pressure of the working medium in the working circuit are further controlled, and the working condition of the whole circuit is adjusted.

7. A capillary-pumped loop heat pipe with external space working capability according to claim 1, wherein: the steam pipeline (3) and the liquid phase pipeline (4) are both circular-section pipelines with smooth inner walls, and the specific diameters are adjusted as required.

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for operating a capillary pump loop heat pipe with external space operation capability:

and (3) steady-state operation: liquid phase working medium enters the main evaporator (1) from a liquid phase channel (1.1) of the main evaporator, most of the liquid phase working medium is converted into steam and takes away a large amount of heat, the steam is collected in an axial steam channel (1.5) through a circumferential steam channel (1.4), and finally enters a steam pipeline (3) from the side surface of the main evaporator (1); the steam reaches a main radiation heat dissipation plate (2) arranged in the outer space from a steam pipeline (3), is gradually condensed and releases latent heat of vaporization in the advancing process, and keeps certain supercooling when finally leaving the main radiation heat dissipation plate (2) and entering a liquid phase pipeline (4); due to the suction effect of the capillary liquid absorption core in the auxiliary evaporator (5), the other small part of liquid-phase working medium entering the main evaporator (1) wraps the bubbles generated by heat leakage of the main evaporator (1) and enters the auxiliary radiation heat dissipation plate (6), and steam is converted into a pure liquid-phase state again.

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