CN109456921B - 一种多粘类芽孢杆菌、应用及微生物菌剂、粉剂和颗粒剂 - Google Patents
一种多粘类芽孢杆菌、应用及微生物菌剂、粉剂和颗粒剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌、应用及微生物菌剂、粉剂和颗粒剂,其从玉米茎中分离得到,该菌株对多种植物真菌病害,尤其是禾谷镰孢、层出镰孢或拟轮枝镰孢等真菌病害具有良好的防治效果,不污染环境,生态安全,遗传稳定,且不容易产生抗性;本发明可以与植物生长所需有机、无机营养成分混合制备成微生物菌剂灌根、粉剂拌种以及颗粒剂,使作物的抗真菌病害能力明显增强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物应用技术领域,具体涉及一种多粘类芽孢杆菌、应用及微生物菌剂、粉剂和颗粒剂。
背景技术
植物的病害大约70%是由真菌引起的,无论是植物生长的任何时期都有可能被真菌感染,尤其是粮食作物,一旦被植物病原真菌侵染,可能产生多种毒素,最终危害人类的健康。随着农药的使用,植物真菌的抗药性增强,导致真菌泛滥。植物内生菌在生物防治方面的利用,可减少化学农药的使用,进而减少对环境的污染,并且植物内生菌在生态的内环境中起到重要的作用,引起学者的重视。利用有益微生物防治植物病害始于1921年的Hartely利用真菌防治碎倒病(王晓宇,中国农业科学,2011)。
多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)可产芽孢,较耐温,属革兰氏阳性菌,其细胞多为杆状,以鞭毛运动,生理生化反应多样,对大多数植物真菌病害有防控作用,对植物本身的致病力小,可用于生物防治方面。近年来,多粘类芽孢杆菌由于其显著的植物促生效果,已被普遍认为是一种植物根际促生细菌,可增加产量,产生多种活性物质,有拮抗蛋白类和抗生素类等。多粘类芽孢杆菌还具有抗氧化性、酶活、降脂等活性。
但是目前己知的多粘类芽孢杆菌对植物真菌病害的防治作用大多效果不佳、作用对象比较单一、易受自然环境影响、竞争存活能力有限等弊端。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌、应用及微生物菌剂、粉剂和颗粒剂,其从玉米茎中分离得到,该菌株对多种植物真菌病害具有良好的防治效果,遗传稳定,且不容易产生抗性。
本发明为达到上述目的,采用的技术方案如下:
本发明从玉米茎中分离得到一株多粘类芽孢杆菌L10,经鉴定,其为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。
其鉴定过程如下:L10菌株在LB固体培养基上生长,其菌落呈白色、圆形,较小,表面光滑、湿润,粘稠,不易挑起。显微观察菌体为单细胞,杆状,革兰氏染色阳性,芽孢椭圆形。利用生理生化指标对其进行鉴定后发现,其淀粉水解、明胶水解、6.5%NaCl、V-P测定等呈阳性;接触酶、甲基红试验等呈阴性。然后利用分子生物学手段采用16S rDNA基因特异引物对16S rDNA进行扩增,将扩增产物回收并测序,将测序结果进行Blast分析,结果发现与菌株L10高度同源的菌株为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa),同源性99%,并结合生理生化特征,鉴定其为多粘类芽孢杆菌属。
作为本发明的第二方面,多粘类芽孢杆菌L10在防治植物真菌病害领域的应用。
进一步的,所述植物真菌病害的真菌病原体为镰刀菌(Fusarium)。
进一步的,所述镰刀菌为禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusariumproliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticilliodes)。
作为本发明的第三个方面,提供了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌制备的微生物菌剂,采用如下方法制备:将多粘类芽孢杆菌L10在在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中培养,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为18h,转速为150rpm,发酵液离心后,将菌体用生理盐水悬浮,调节液细胞数为108cfu/mL,即制得微生物菌剂,所述生物菌剂用于灌根。
作为本发明的第四个方面,提供了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌L10制备的微生物粉剂,采用如下方法制备:将所述多粘类芽孢杆菌L10在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中培养,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为18h,转速为150rpm,发酵液离心后,将菌体用生理盐水悬浮,调节细胞数调节为108cfu/mL,与灭菌硅藻土混合,多粘类芽孢杆菌的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土的比例为V菌悬液:m硅藻土=2:1,室温晾干,即制得本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌粉剂,所述粉剂用于拌种。
作为本发明的第五个方面,提供了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌制备的微生物颗粒剂,采用如下方法制备:多粘类芽孢杆菌的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土和玉米淀粉和混合制得,混合比例为m硅藻土:m玉米淀粉:V菌悬液=1:1:2,将混合体系搅拌均匀揉成面团,用造粒机挤压制备成颗粒,室温晾干,封装,即得微生物颗粒剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术效果:
1、在平板对峙法中,本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌L10对禾谷镰孢(Fusariumgraminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusariumverticilliodes)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)等植物病原真菌具有良好的抑制效果,说明本发明菌株具有较广的抑菌谱;
2、本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌传20代后对禾谷镰孢、层出镰孢、拟轮枝镰孢、玉米大斑病菌等植物病原真菌拮抗效果未发生显著变化,说明本发明所述菌株具有很好的遗传稳定性;
3、温室试验中,本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂灌根后对禾谷镰孢有较好的防治效果。
4、多粘类芽孢杆菌L10菌株以多种形式在农业生产中发挥其功能,微生物菌剂可用来灌根,粉剂可用来拌种,颗粒剂单独使用或与其他植物生长所需有机、无机营养成分一起使用,制备成生物复合肥料具有显著的减少玉米茎腐病病害、提高产量和改良品质量的作用。
本发明的菌株保藏日期为2018年09月18日,保藏单位名称为:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.16501;保藏单位地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号;邮编为:100101。
附图说明
图1本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌菌株的稀释分离过程示意图;
图2本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌菌株的16S rDNA的聚类分析图;
图3本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌菌株对植物病原真菌的抑菌效果图;
图4本发明的多粘类芽孢杆微生物菌剂对禾谷镰孢抗病性的温室试验。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种高抗真菌活性的多粘类芽孢杆菌,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数来实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,这些都被视为包括在被发明内。本发明所述的多粘类芽孢杆菌己经通过较规范的实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不摆脱本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动和适当的变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
下面结合实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行进一步详细阐述。
实施例1:L10菌株的分离
采集生长良好的玉米,将茎用清水冲洗干净后,以下操作在超净工作台中完成。用无菌剪刀剪取长度为2cm的玉米茎,将玉米茎在95%酒精中浸泡5min,后用10%次氯酸钠消毒5min,再用无菌水清洗4次,在无菌环境中风干后放入无菌的研钵中,研碎使其流出组织液,过滤,并用无菌水定容至10mL,静置10min,按稀释度进行稀释,得到10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,6个浓度梯度,然后分别取每个浓度梯度的菌悬液0.2mL于平板中,再向平板中倒入50℃的LB固体培养基15mL,摇匀平板,每个梯度按上述步骤重复3次,37℃静置培养,挑取形态不同的单菌落划线纯化,保藏,备用。
实施例2:拮抗菌株的筛选
以禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)为病原菌,将菌盘接种在PDA平板的中央。采用平板对峙法,将分离并纯化的多粘类芽孢杆菌L10菌株划线接种在距离圆盘3cm处。空白对照中只接种禾谷镰孢。分别按照上述接种方法接种三个对照组,在25℃的黑暗环境中培养7d,观察拮抗效果。根据抑菌圈大小确定抑菌效果,1.0cm>抑菌圈直径>0.5cm的菌株定为有拮抗作用的菌株;1.5cm>抑菌圈直径>1.0cm的作为拮抗细菌,抑菌圈直径>1.5cm的作为效果较好拮抗细菌,筛选抑菌效果最好的菌株,即得到本发明所述的多粘类芽孢杆菌L10。
实施例3:菌株的16S rDNA的序列测定和分析及生理生化试验鉴定
多粘类芽孢杆菌DNA提取采用细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒(Ezup柱式),用细菌通用引物扩增16S rDNA序列,引物序列27F(5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’)和1492R(5’-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’)。PCR反应体系为(50μL)引物各1μL,DNA模板2μL,2×Mix 25μl,超纯水21μl。PCR扩增程序为94℃3min,94℃1min,52℃1min,72℃1.5min,30个循环,72℃10min,16℃,10min。扩增产物送上海生工生物科技有限公司进行测序。
将测得的16S rDNA序列输入GenBank,应用BLAST软件进行同源性搜索。选取不同菌株的16S rDNA序列并与GenBank中已知的16S rDNA进行同源性比较。
同源比较结果如下:
将该PCR扩增产物在GenBank中进行blast比对结果表明,本发明的菌株L10与其高度同源的50个菌种均是芽孢杆菌属,其同源性均在99%。图2为L10的16S rDNA序列同Paenibacillus polymyxa strain II-PhR7、Paenibacillus sp.lzh-N1、Paenibacillussp.strain SZ-16、Paenibacillus sp.strain SZ-11、Paenibacillus sp.strain SZ-10、Paenibacillus polymyxa strain PY7、Paenibacillus polymyxa strain DSM 36、Paenibacillus polymyxa strain A1、Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2、Paenibacilluspolymyxa strain Sb3-1、Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21、Paenibacillus polymyxastrain DSM 36T、Paenibacillus polymyxa strain JK-28、Paenibacillus polymyxastrain JK-19、Paenibacillus polymyxa strain KCTC 3627等15种细菌的16S rDNA聚类分析。本发明所述枯草芽抱杆菌与Bacillus subtllls同源性最高。表1所示为菌株L10的16S rDNA同源性高的10个菌株。由此结合表2所示的菌株生理生化指标可推断L10菌株属于多粘类芽孢杆菌。
对筛选的拮抗细菌进行初步的生理生化鉴定,包括革兰氏测定、接触酶反应、VP试验、淀粉水解以及6.5%NaCl生长试验等,所述试验方法采用本领域的测定这类生理生化指标的常规试验方法,且并非发明要点,在此不做赘述。
表1 16S rDNA同源性比较
表2菌株的生理生化指标测定
测定指标 | 菌株特征 | 测定指标 | 菌株特征 |
淀粉水解 | + | 接触酶 | + |
明胶液化 | + | 产氨试验 | - |
吲哚产生 | - | 硝酸盐还原 | + |
VP测定 | + | 亚硝酸还原 | + |
柠檬酸盐利用 | - | 6.5%NaCl | + |
实施例4:本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌L10对玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilumturcicum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticilliodes)、弯孢病菌(Curvularia lunata)、早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)、纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、链格孢(Alternaria Nees)的生长抑制试验
挑取本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌L10单菌落与装有20mL LB液体培养基的50mL三角瓶中,在220r/min,37℃的摇床中,过夜培养,将菌液在8000r/min的转速下离心5min,弃上清液,将菌体用PBS缓冲液洗三次,并用PBS缓冲液悬浮,调节OD600=0.5。采用平板对峙法,将直径为5mm的供试的植物病原真菌与本发明的L10菌株PBS悬浮液对峙培养,每个处理重复3次,25℃恒温培养箱培养5d,观察抑菌效果。图3所示抑菌效果可知本发明的菌株对以上植物病原真菌均有很好的抑制效果,表明本发明所示菌株具有较广的抑菌谱。
实施例5:本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌L10微生物菌剂的制备
将保藏编号为CGMCCNo.15964的多粘类芽孢杆菌在PDA培养液(培养液组成为:马铃薯200g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,PH为8)中培养,培养液温度为28℃,天数为5天,转速为150rpm,发酵培养后,加入5%的蔗糖,然后过滤并调节菌液细胞数为108个/mL,即制得本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂。
实施例6:本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对的禾谷镰孢(Fusariumgraminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusariumverticilliodes)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)的分生孢子抑制试验。
将实施例5所述微生物菌剂以50%,25%,10%,5%和1%的浓度与禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusariumverticilliodes)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)的分生孢子混合,将其置于96孔细胞培养板内,25℃恒温培养箱培养5d,观察抑菌效果。由表3可知本发明所示菌株的微生物菌剂对禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticilliodes)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)有很好的抑制生长效果。
表3本发明微生物菌剂对病原真菌抱子萌发抑制试验
实施例7:本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌的粉剂和颗粒剂制备
将本发明菌株在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中培养,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为18h,转速为150rpm,发酵液离心后,将菌体用0.9%的生理盐水悬浮,调节细胞数为108个/mL,与硅藻土按照m:V=1:1混合,室温下晾干,即得本发明所述粉剂,与种子拌匀,即制得多粘类芽孢杆菌种衣剂。
将108cfu/mL本发明菌株的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土、玉米淀粉按照m(硅藻土):m(玉米淀粉):V(菌悬液)=1:1:2混合搅拌均匀揉成面团,用造粒机挤压制备成颗粒,室温晾干封装,即制得本发明的多粘类芽孢杆菌颗粒剂。
实施例8:本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌遗传稳定性试验
将活化的本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌接种于LB培养基内,28℃培养,每隔18h转代一次,共转20次,将传代的第1代、第5代、第10代、第15代、第20代的PBS悬浮液对禾谷镰孢、玉米大斑病菌的抑制试验,本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌经多次转代后其抑菌活性未发生显著差异变化,说明该菌株具有很好的遗传稳定性。
实施例9:温室试验
本实验在河北农业大学植物分子病理学与真菌毒素实验室温室中进行,将玉米种子催芽后,选取发芽一致的种子播种,分别设置对照组和实验组,待玉米苗长至2片叶子时,实验组向土壤中喷洒本发明的菌悬液,对照组不处理,2周后,向实验组和对照组玉米茎分别接种禾谷镰孢孢悬液,2周后对玉米的生长状况及病情指数进行测量分析,用菌悬液处理幼苗后,其抗病能力明显增强,如图4所示。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa ) L10,其特征在于:保藏编号为CGMCCNo.16501。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种多粘类芽孢杆菌在防治由禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、层出镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticilliodes)和玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)诱发的植物真菌病害领域的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的一种多粘类芽孢杆菌制备的微生物菌剂,其特征在于,采用如下方法制备:将多粘类芽孢杆菌在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中培养,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为18h,转速为150rpm,发酵液离心后,将菌体用生理盐水悬浮,调节液细胞数为108cfu/mL,即制得微生物菌剂。
4.权利要求1所述的一种多粘类芽孢杆菌制备的微生物粉剂,其特征在于,采用如下方法制备:多粘类芽孢杆菌的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土混合制得,所述多粘类芽孢杆菌的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土的比例为V菌悬液:m硅藻土=2:1,所述粉剂用于拌种。
5.权利要求1所述的一种多粘类芽孢杆菌制备的微生物颗粒剂,其特征在于,采用如下方法制备:多粘类芽孢杆菌的菌悬液与灭菌硅藻土和玉米淀粉混合制得,混合比例为m硅藻土:m玉米淀粉:V菌悬液=1:1:2。
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