CN109415269A - 一种由陶瓷基质复合材料制造部件的方法 - Google Patents
一种由陶瓷基质复合材料制造部件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109415269A CN109415269A CN201780041138.8A CN201780041138A CN109415269A CN 109415269 A CN109415269 A CN 109415269A CN 201780041138 A CN201780041138 A CN 201780041138A CN 109415269 A CN109415269 A CN 109415269A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910003682 SiB6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000626 liquid-phase infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种制造复合材料部件的方法,所述复合材料部件包括纤维增强件和存在于所述纤维增强件的孔中的陶瓷基质,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:a)通过对陶瓷纱线进行三维编织而形成纤维增强件(步骤E1),以这种方式形成的纤维增强件呈现互锁编织;b)在纤维增强件的孔中形成第一陶瓷基质相(步骤E4);c)在进行步骤b)之后,将包含SiC颗粒和碳颗粒的混合物的粉末引入纤维增强件的孔中(步骤E5);和d)在进行步骤c)之后,用至少包含硅的熔融态的渗透组合物渗透纤维增强件,以在纤维增强件的孔中形成第二陶瓷基质相,从而获得复合材料部件(步骤E6)。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及由陶瓷基质复合材料制造部件的方法的一般领域。
存在各种用于由陶瓷基质复合(CMC)材料制造部件的已知方法。其中之一是通过化学气相渗透(CVI)用基质填充纤维增强件。CVI用于获得具有与高填充密度相关的良好机械性能的部件,然而,该方法存在昂贵的缺点。
另一种已知的方法称为“预浸渍”,其中将已经用碳前体树脂预浸渍的纱线成形为片材,随后将其覆盖以获得纤维预制件。将纤维预制件模塑,加热,最后用液态硅合金渗透(称为“熔体渗透”(MI)的技术)。然而,使用该方法制造具有复杂三维形状的部件可能相对困难。
还应观察到,通过MI技术获得的部件可以呈现显著的残余孔隙率,这尤其是由于熔融金属不均匀地渗透到纤维增强件中。因此,可以改善通过该方法获得的部件的机械性能。
因此,需要一种制造方法,其实施成本相对较低,并且可以获得形状复杂且具有改善的机械性能和低残余孔隙率的CMC部件。
发明目的和概述
因此,本发明的主要目的是通过提出一种制造复合材料部件的方法来减轻这些缺点,该复合材料部件包括纤维增强件和存在于纤维增强件的孔中的陶瓷基质,该方法至少包括以下步骤:
a)通过对陶瓷纱线进行三维编织而形成纤维增强件,以这种方式形成的纤维增强件呈现互锁编织;
b)在纤维增强件的孔中形成第一陶瓷基质相;
c)在进行步骤b)之后,将包含陶瓷颗粒和/或碳颗粒的粉末引入纤维增强件的孔中;和
d)在进行步骤c)之后,用至少包含硅的熔融态的渗透组合物渗透纤维增强件,以在纤维增强件的孔中形成第二陶瓷基质相,从而获得复合材料部件。
使用具有互锁编织的纤维增强件使得粉末颗粒能够在步骤c)期间更好地渗透到增强件的孔中。具体地,发明人已经发现,在步骤b)之后,互锁编织限定了孔通道,所述孔通道适于使颗粒更好地渗透到增强件的厚度中。结果,熔融态的渗透组合物在步骤d)期间也更容易渗透到纤维增强件中,从而润湿已经存在于纤维增强件的孔中的陶瓷和/或碳颗粒。在一种实施方式中,在进行步骤d)之后获得的部件中的孔隙率可以小于等于5%,或实际上小于或等于3%。因此,获得的CMC材料部件的机械性能得到改善并且其残余孔隙率降低。另外,使用三维编织来制造纤维增强件使得可以获得具有复杂形状的部件。
在一个实施方式中,可以在步骤c)期间引入SiC、Si3N4、BN、SiB6、B4C颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物。
在一个实施方式中,可以在步骤c)期间引入SiC颗粒。
在步骤c)期间引入SiC颗粒和碳颗粒的混合物。
在一个实施方式中,在步骤c)期间引入的颗粒的平均粒度可以小于或等于5μm,或者实际上小于或等于1μm。术语“颗粒的平均粒度”应理解为颗粒的D50尺寸。
在一个实施方式中,第一陶瓷基质相可包含碳化硅(SiC)。
在一个实施方式中,在进行步骤b)之后,以体积计,纤维增强件中的残余孔隙率(=孔体积除以纤维增强件体积)在30%至35%的范围内。
在一个实施方式中,可以在步骤b)之前在陶瓷纱线上形成中间相。
在一个实施方式中,纤维增强件包括碳化硅纱线,其可以具有小于或等于1原子%的氧含量。
最后,本发明提供了上述方法,其中制造的部件是涡轮发动机部件。该部件可以是用于航空发动机或工业涡轮机中的燃气涡轮机的热部分的部件。特别地,该部件可以构成导叶喷嘴、燃烧室壁、涡轮环扇区或涡轮发动机叶片的至少一部分。
附图说明
参考附图,根据以下说明可以清楚地了解本发明的其它特征和优点,附图以非限制性实例的方式给出。在附图中:
-图1是显示本发明示例性方法的各步骤的流程图;
-图2是显示示例性互锁编织的图;
-图3是显示通过本发明方法获得的部件的截面的照片;和
-图4是显示通过非本发明方法获得的部件的截面的照片。
具体实施方式
下面参考图1的流程图描述根据本发明制造CMC材料部件的方法的实例。
该方法的第一步骤E1(步骤a))可以包括通过三维编织形成用于该部件的纤维增强件,以获得呈现互锁编织的纤维增强件。纤维增强件可以由陶瓷纱线制成,例如,由碳化硅纱线制成。在步骤E1中获得的纤维增强件构成用于待制造的部件的纤维预制件。
合适的碳化硅纱线的实例可以是由日本供应商NGS销售的“Nicalon”、“Hi-Nicalon”或“Hi-Nicalon S”纱线。纤维增强件的陶瓷纱线的氧含量可小于或等于1原子%(1at%)。“Hi-Nicalon S”纱线具有这种特性。
术语“三维编织”或“3D编织”应理解为是指至少一些经纱在多个纬纱层上将纬纱连接在一起的编织技术。在本发明中,纤维增强件呈现互锁编织。术语“互锁编织或织物”应理解为3D编织,其中每层经纱C将多层纬纱T连接在一起,并且给定经列中的所有纱线C在编织平面中具有相同的移动。在图2所示的实例中,纬纱层由两个相邻的纬纱半层t形成,这两个相邻的纬纱半层t在经向上相对于彼此偏移。因此,在该实例中,存在18个交错配置的纬纱半层。每个经纱C将三个纬纱半层t连接在一起。然而,可以采用不交错的纬纱配置,两个相邻的纬纱层中的纬纱在相同的列中对齐。在本说明书中,经纱和纬纱可以互换角色,并且应被认为同样被权利要求涵盖。
处理陶瓷纱线表面的步骤E2优选在形成中间相之前进行,特别是为了消除可能存在于纤维上的胶料。
在步骤E3中,可以通过CVI在纤维增强件的陶瓷纱线上形成脆性-释放中间相(embrittlement-relief interphase)。举例来说,中间相的厚度可以在10纳米(nm)至1000nm的范围内,例如在10nm至100nm的范围内。在形成中间相之后,纤维增强件保持多孔,因为初始可接近的孔隙中只有少部分被中间相填充。
中间相可包括单层或多层。中间相可包括至少一层热解碳(PyC)、氮化硼(BN)、硅掺杂氮化硼(BN(Si),硅的重量百分比在5%至40%的范围内,并且余量为氮化硼)或硼掺杂的碳(BC,硼的原子百分比在5%至20%的范围内,余量为碳)。在该实例中,中间相的作用是为复合材料提供脆性释放,用于增强蔓延穿过基质后可能到达中间相的任何裂纹的偏转,从而防止或延迟纤维由于这种裂纹而破裂。在一个变体中,应该观察到,在编织纤维增强件之前,即在进行步骤E1(步骤a))之前,可以在陶瓷纤维上形成中间相。
然后,进行步骤E4,在纤维增强件的孔中形成第一陶瓷基质相(步骤b)),在先前已经形成的中间相上形成第一陶瓷基质相(如果存在中间相),或者直接在纤维增强件的纱线上形成第一陶瓷基质相。可以通过CVI形成该基质相。举例来说,第一陶瓷基质相可包含SiC。在该步骤E4之后和引入粉末之前,纤维增强件的残余孔隙率可以大于或等于30%,例如在30%至35%的范围内。通常,在进行步骤E4(步骤b))之后,纤维增强件的残余孔隙率足以使粉末能够被引入到纤维增强件的孔中并且能够形成第二基质相。
然后,在步骤E5期间,将包含陶瓷材料颗粒和/或碳颗粒的粉末引入纤维增强件的残余孔中(步骤c))。为此目的,可以用组合物浸渍纤维增强件,例如,所述组合物为浆料的形式,通过本身已知的方法将其引入纤维增强件的孔中,例如,通过注入来进行。所述组合物可包含悬浮在液体介质中的粉末。陶瓷颗粒可以是SiC、Si3N4、BN、SiB6、B4C颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物。粉末颗粒的D50尺寸可以小于或等于5微米(μm),或实际上小于或等于1μm。一旦将粉末引入纤维增强件中(例如,通过注入浆料),可以干燥纤维增强件。
然后,在步骤E6中,用熔融态的渗透组合物对步骤E5中引入的含有粉末的纤维增强件进行渗透(步骤d)),该组合物至少包含硅,以在纤维增强件的孔中形成第二陶瓷基质相,从而完成致密化以获得部件。该渗透步骤相当于熔体渗透(MI)步骤。渗透组合物可以由纯熔融硅构成,或者在变体中,可以是硅与一种或多种其他成分的熔融合金的形式。渗透组合物可按重量计主要包含硅,即该渗透组合物所具有的硅的重量含量大于或等于50%。举例来说,渗透组合物可以具有大于或等于75%的硅的重量含量。硅合金中存在的其他成分可选自B、Al、Mo、Ti和它们的混合物。当在步骤E5中引入的粉末颗粒是C、B4C颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物时,在渗透期间渗透组合物和粉末颗粒之间可能发生化学反应,从而导致碳化硅形成。
在步骤E6结束时,获得CMC材料部件。这种CMC材料部件可以是涡轮发动机的定子或转子部件。上文中提到了涡轮发动机部件的实例。这样的部件也可以涂覆有环境/热障涂层。
图3显示了通过本发明示例性方法获得的CMC材料部件的截面的照片。在该测试中,纤维增强件呈现互锁编织,并且通过CVI预致密化(步骤E4),以获得SiC的第一基质相。在预致密化之后,以体积计,纤维增强件的残余孔隙率在30%至35%的范围内。在步骤E5期间,将D50平均粒度为0.8μm的SiC粉末(由马里昂技术公司(Marion Technologies)以名称SiC MT59出售)引入预致密化的纤维增强件的孔中。最后,使用纯硅(由HC斯塔克公司(HCStarck)以名称Si Grade AX-20出售)进行渗透(步骤E6)。图3的照片显示了以这种方式获得的CMC基质部件中的基质M和纱线F。采用本发明的方法,在该部件中测得的总孔隙率小于1%。
作为比较,进行了与上述类似的测试,不同之处在于编织是多缎纹编织而不是互锁编织。图4是显示在该测试期间获得的CMC材料部件的截面的照片。在图4的照片中可以看到黑色的孔P。在该部件中测得的总孔隙率大于15%,并且在图4中可以看出,纱线F之间和纱线F内都存在孔。因此可以看出,当纤维增强件呈现不是互锁编织的编织时,更难以填充纤维增强件中的孔。因此,该部件的机械性能不如使用具有互锁编织的纤维增强件的前述试验中获得的部件的机械性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种制造复合材料部件的方法,所述复合材料部件包括纤维增强件和存在于所述纤维增强件的孔中的陶瓷基质,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:
a)通过对陶瓷纱线进行三维编织而形成纤维增强件(步骤E1),以这种方式形成的纤维增强件呈现互锁编织;
b)在纤维增强件的孔中形成第一陶瓷基质相(步骤E4);
c)在进行步骤b)之后,将包含SiC颗粒和碳颗粒的混合物的粉末引入纤维增强件的孔中(步骤E5);和
d)在进行步骤c)之后,用至少包含硅的熔融态的渗透组合物渗透纤维增强件,以在纤维增强件的孔中形成第二陶瓷基质相,从而获得复合材料部件(步骤E6)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一陶瓷基质相包含碳化硅。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤c)中引入的颗粒的平均粒度小于或等于5μm,例如小于或等于1μm。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在进行步骤b)后,以体积计,纤维增强件的残余孔隙率在30%至35%的范围内。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤b)之前,在陶瓷纱线上形成中间相(步骤E3)。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维增强件包括具有小于或等于1原子%的氧含量的碳化硅纱线。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,制造的部件是涡轮发动机部件。
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CN113748096A (zh) * | 2019-04-05 | 2021-12-03 | 赛峰航空陶瓷技术公司 | 制造cmc部件的方法 |
CN114096500A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-02-25 | 赛峰集团陶瓷 | 用于由cmc材料制成的部件的多孔陶瓷结构及获得其方法 |
CN116323518A (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-06-23 | 赛峰航空器发动机 | 具有由具有陶瓷基质和短纤维的复合材料制成的连接边缘的涡轮机部件及其制造方法 |
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WO2020201202A1 (fr) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Safran Ceramics | Procede de fabrication d'une piece en cmc |
EP3742011B1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2024-08-14 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Liner with improved resistance to wear and plain bearing comprising such a liner |
TR202021406A2 (tr) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-21 | Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret As | Dielektriksel Olarak Derecelendirilmiş RF-Geçirgen Seramik Matris Kompozit Yapıların Üretimi |
FR3129615A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-02 | Safran Ceramics | Noyau pour la réalisation de distributeur en Composite à Matrice Céramique |
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CN113748096A (zh) * | 2019-04-05 | 2021-12-03 | 赛峰航空陶瓷技术公司 | 制造cmc部件的方法 |
CN114096500A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-02-25 | 赛峰集团陶瓷 | 用于由cmc材料制成的部件的多孔陶瓷结构及获得其方法 |
US12115486B2 (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2024-10-15 | Safran Ceramics | Porous ceramic structure for part made of CMC material and method for obtaining same |
CN116323518A (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-06-23 | 赛峰航空器发动机 | 具有由具有陶瓷基质和短纤维的复合材料制成的连接边缘的涡轮机部件及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20200181029A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
FR3053328A1 (fr) | 2018-01-05 |
WO2018002525A1 (fr) | 2018-01-04 |
FR3053328B1 (fr) | 2022-01-21 |
EP3478645A1 (fr) | 2019-05-08 |
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