CN109406845B - High-efficiency impulse current generator - Google Patents
High-efficiency impulse current generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN109406845B CN109406845B CN201810506614.5A CN201810506614A CN109406845B CN 109406845 B CN109406845 B CN 109406845B CN 201810506614 A CN201810506614 A CN 201810506614A CN 109406845 B CN109406845 B CN 109406845B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency impact current generator, wherein a charging unit is connected to an energy storage unit, a series-connected non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit and a second wave modulation resistor are connected with the energy storage unit in parallel and are positioned between an inductor and the series-connected gap switch unit and the first wave modulation resistor; the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit comprises a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component and a support frame, wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component is composed of a first diode, a second diode and a connecting plate, a high-voltage inductor side conductive disc of the gap switch unit is connected to one end of an inductor and the other end of a second wave-modulating resistor, a low-voltage conductive disc of the gap switch unit is connected to a low-voltage end of the object carrying table to be detected, and the other end of the inductor is used as a high-voltage output end for connecting the high-voltage end of the object carrying table to be detected. Compared with the existing discharge circuit, the invention has high waveform output efficiency, can greatly improve the utilization rate of the capacitor, and can realize larger long-wave tail waveform by using less capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surge protection device testing, in particular to a high-efficiency impact current generator.
Background
Thunder and lightning is a natural discharge phenomenon in nature. After the thunder and lightning occurs, the lightning overvoltage is formed in the communication line under the action of electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction. The long-tail-wave impact current generating device is mainly applied to a generator for simulating lightning current so as to generate a pulse current waveform with large current and long duration, and is mainly used for simulating generators of a class I lightning (direct lightning) current waveform 10/350 mu s, a component A and a component D of a direct lightning effect test waveform of an airplane, a long-tail-wave waveform of a power supply 10/1000 mu s and the like.
At present, two types of long-tail-wave impact current generating devices on the market are available, one type is a CRL (Critical reference line) discharge circuit based on the traditional technology, the other type is a Crowbar discharge circuit which uses a gap type Crowbar switch to prolong the tail of a wave,
the principle of the first scheme is shown in figure 1, a traditional CRL discharge loop is used, namely, energy is stored through a large capacitor, and the energy is released through an inductor and a wave modulation resistor instantly to form a large-current output waveform, but the method mainly depends on a resistor R in the loop to form an over-damping discharge loop, the loop impedance is large, the defect is that an energy storage capacitor C with large capacity is needed,
the second scheme is shown in figure 2, the capacity of the energy storage capacitor is greatly reduced, the working principle is shown in figure 2, after the main capacitor C is fully charged, the G1 switch is triggered, when the discharge current reaches the peak value, the high-voltage pulse generator outputs a high-voltage ignition signal to break through the G3 and enable the G2 to be conducted, at the moment, the G2 switch enables the capacitor C and the resistor R1 to be in short circuit, the inductor L1 current passes through the tested product EUT and the gap switch G2 to form a follow-current leakage loop to the maximum extent, and the charge on the L is slowly released under the influence of the EUT and the loop impedance, so that a long-duration waveform flowing through the EUT is realized.
(1) The control of the generators is more complex, and a trigger system of two sets of generators (a long tail wave impact current generating device and an impact voltage generator) needs to be controlled simultaneously, so that the impact voltage generator delays the impact current for a certain time, the time control needs to be accurate, otherwise, the phenomenon of discharge failure is easy to occur, and the control difficulty is high;
(2) the whole set of system needs to control the G2 three-ball movement, the coupling ball gap of G3 and the trigger ball gap of the impulse voltage generator body besides the trigger set, so that the coordination difficulty is high;
(3) the waveform debugging is difficult, the wave tail length is controlled by the size of Crowbar energy storage inductor L1, but the load impedance of different tested products is different, so that the wave tail duration fluctuation is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency surge current generator which can realize output of a long-wave tail waveform by using a small capacitor, can be applied to 10/350us of class I lightning waveforms, 1/10us of steep-wave surge current waveforms, 10/1000 mus of long-wave tail surge current waveforms, and A waves (6.4/69 mus) and D waves (3.2/34.5 mus) of direct lightning (or indirect lightning) effect waveforms, and improves the utilization efficiency of the capacitor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-efficiency impact current generator comprises a charging unit, an energy storage unit, a gap switch unit, at least one first wave adjusting resistor, a second wave adjusting resistor, an inductor, a non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit and an object stage to be detected, wherein the charging unit is connected to the energy storage unit;
the gap switch unit comprises high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs, high-voltage inductor side conducting discs and low-voltage conducting discs which are arranged at intervals, the high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs, the high-voltage inductor side conducting discs and the low-voltage conducting discs are connected in a positioning mode through insulating supporting rods, a capacitor side discharging ball is installed on the high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs, an inductor side discharging ball is installed on the high-voltage inductor side conducting discs, and the capacitor side discharging ball and the inductor side discharging ball are arranged in opposite directions and a gap is reserved between the capacitor side discharging ball and the inductor side discharging ball;
the non-clearance type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit comprises a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component and a support frame, wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component consists of a first diode, a second diode and a connecting plate, the first diode and the second diode are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the connecting plate, the polarities of the respective ends of the first diode and the second diode which are electrically connected with the connecting plate are opposite, a reversing rotating shaft is fixed in the middle of the upper side and the lower side of the first diode and the second diode of the connecting plate, and two ends of the reversing rotating shaft are both arranged on the support frame through bearing seats;
the other end of one of the first diode and the second diode is connected to one end of a second wave modulating resistor, and the other end of the other of the first diode and the second diode is connected to a low-voltage end of the object carrying platform to be measured and a low-voltage conductive disc of the gap switch unit;
the high-voltage inductor side conductive disc of the gap switch unit is connected to one end of the inductor and the other end of the second wave-modulating resistor, the low-voltage conductive disc of the gap switch unit is connected to the low-voltage end of the object carrying platform to be detected, and the other end of the inductor is used as a high-voltage output end for connecting the high-voltage end of the object carrying platform to be detected;
the reversing rotating shaft is provided with a positioning mechanism at one end, the reversing rotating shaft is correspondingly provided with a positioning hole, the positioning mechanism comprises a fixing block with a through hole and an elastic pin arranged in the through hole, and the reversing rotating shaft is embedded into the fixing block and the through hole is matched with the positioning hole;
the capacitor side discharge ball and the inductor side discharge ball are both in a hemispherical shape, and the first wave modulation resistor is a linear resistor.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the existing discharge circuit, the high-efficiency impulse current generator has high waveform output efficiency, can greatly improve the utilization rate of the capacitor, and can realize larger long-wave tail waveform by using less capacitor. According to the invention, C =40uF and 100kV charging voltage are taken as an example, 10/350 waveforms are formed by using the existing discharging loop, the loop resistor R1 is required to be about 14 omega, the wave-regulating inductor L1 is required to be about 30uH, and 10/350us waveforms of about 7kA can be output, but the wave-regulating resistor R1=0.5 omega, the wave-regulating inductor 10uH and the wave tail resistor 20 momega are used. Can output a waveform of about 100kA10/350 us; and one end of the reversing rotating shaft is also provided with a positioning mechanism, the reversing rotating shaft is correspondingly provided with a positioning hole, the positioning mechanism comprises a fixing block with a through hole and an elastic pin arranged in the through hole, the reversing rotating shaft is embedded into the fixing block, the through hole is matched with the positioning hole, the polarity switching of the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component is facilitated, and 2 kinds of waveform switching can be rapidly and conveniently realized.
2. The high-efficiency surge current generator is simple to operate, reduces the test failure rate, overcomes the defects that a three-gap switch structure is used in the prior art, a high-voltage surge voltage generator is required to be matched for triggering and conducting of the three-gap switch, the output voltage of the high-efficiency surge current generator is generally 2 times higher than the charging voltage of a main current generator, the stability of the high-efficiency surge current generator is poor, and the like, and adopts the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit to comprise a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component and a support frame, wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component comprises a first diode, a second diode and a connecting plate, no additional surge voltage generator is needed, the generator avoids the out-of-control phenomenon, and the success rate is almost 100%.
3. The high-efficiency impulse current generator has smooth output waveform and no oscillation at the peak value, the conduction of the G2 switch in the prior art needs the impulse voltage generator with high voltage to trigger, and the partial energy is superposed in a discharge loop to cause oscillation at the peak position, but the switch of the invention can not form peak oscillation and has smoother waveform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art high efficiency rush current generator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art high efficiency rush current generator;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic of a high efficiency rush current generator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of capacitor discharge current (Icap) for the high efficiency rush current generator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform of the feedback current (Idiode) of the non-gap type adaptive Crowbar switching unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the actual current waveform flowing through the test object in the high-efficiency impulse current generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency rush current generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a high efficiency rush current generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a high efficiency rush current generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a high efficiency rush current generator according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of the output of the high efficiency rush current generator of the present invention.
In the above drawings: 1. a charging unit; 2. an energy storage unit; 211. a capacitor unit; 3. a gap switch unit; 4. a first wave modulating resistor; 5. a second wave modulating resistor; 6. an inductance; 7. a non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit; 8. a carrier for the object to be tested;
9. a high-voltage capacitor side conductive disc; 10. a high-voltage inductance side conductive disc; 11. a low voltage conductive pad; 12. an insulating support rod; 13. a capacitor side discharge ball; 14. an inductance side discharge ball;
15. a high voltage fast pulse semiconductor component; 151. a first diode; 152. a second diode; 153. a connecting plate; 16. a support frame; 17. a reversing rotating shaft; 171. positioning holes; 18. a bearing seat;
19. a transparent outer cover; 20. a positioning mechanism; 201. a fixed block; 202. a through hole; 203. an elastic pin; 21. a handwheel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
example (b): a high-efficiency impact current generator comprises a charging unit 1, an energy storage unit 2, a gap switch unit 3, at least one first wave adjusting resistor 4, a second wave adjusting resistor 5, an inductor 6, a non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit 7 and an object stage 8 to be detected, wherein the charging unit 1 is connected to the energy storage unit 2, the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit 7 and the second wave adjusting resistor 5 which are connected in series are connected with the energy storage unit 2 in parallel and are positioned between the inductor 6 and the gap switch unit 3 and the first wave adjusting resistor 4 which are connected in series;
the gap switch unit 3 comprises high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs 9, high-voltage inductor side conducting discs 10 and low-voltage conducting discs 11 which are arranged at intervals, the high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs 9, the high-voltage inductor side conducting discs 10 and the low-voltage conducting discs 11 are connected in a positioning mode through insulating support rods 12, a capacitor side discharging ball 13 is installed on the high-voltage capacitor side conducting discs 9, an inductor side discharging ball 14 is installed on the high-voltage inductor side conducting discs 10, and the capacitor side discharging ball 13 and the inductor side discharging ball 14 are arranged in an opposite mode and a gap is reserved between the capacitor side discharging ball 13 and the inductor side discharging ball 14;
the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit 7 comprises a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component 15 and a support frame 16, wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component 15 consists of a first diode 151, a second diode 152 and a connecting plate 153, the first diode 151 and the second diode 152 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the connecting plate 153, the polarities of one ends of the first diode 151 and one end of the second diode 152 which are electrically connected with the connecting plate 153 are opposite, a reversing rotating shaft 17 is fixed in the middle of the upper side and the lower side of the first diode 151 and the second diode 152 of the connecting plate 153, and two ends of the reversing rotating shaft 17 are both arranged on the support frame 16 through bearing seats 18;
the other end of one of the first diode 151 and the second diode 152 is connected to one end of the second wave modulating resistor 5, and the other end of the other of the first diode 151 and the second diode 152 is connected to the low-voltage end of the object-to-be-measured stage 8 and the low-voltage conductive disc 11 of the gap switch unit 3;
a high-voltage inductance side conductive disc 10 of the gap switch unit 3 is connected to one end of an inductor 6 and the other end of a second wave-modulating resistor 5, a low-voltage conductive disc 11 of the gap switch unit 3 is connected to the low-voltage end of the object carrying table 8 to be tested, and the other end of the inductor 6 is used as a high-voltage output end for connecting the high-voltage end of the object carrying table 8 to be tested;
the positioning mechanism 20 is further disposed at one end of the reversing rotating shaft 17, a positioning hole 171 is correspondingly formed in the reversing rotating shaft 17, the positioning mechanism 20 includes a fixing block 201 having a through hole 202 and an elastic pin 203 installed in the through hole 202, the reversing rotating shaft 17 is embedded in the fixing block 201, and the through hole 202 is matched with the positioning hole 171.
The capacitor-side discharge bulb 13 and the inductor-side discharge bulb 14 are both hemispherical.
The first wave modulating resistor 4 is a linear resistor.
The energy storage unit 2 is composed of a plurality of capacitor units 211 connected in parallel, the number of the first wave modulating resistors 4 is equal to that of the capacitor units 211, and each capacitor unit 211 is connected in series with one first wave modulating resistor 4.
A handwheel 21 is installed at the end of the reversing rotating shaft 17 and is located at the side of the positioning mechanism 20 opposite to the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component 15.
The working principle of the high-efficiency impact current generator is as follows:
(1) when the capacitor C is fully charged, discharging is carried out through the discharging ball gap G1, at the moment, because the capacitor is positively charged, the diode is reversely cut off and is not conducted, and the discharging loop is C-G1-R1-L1-EUT-C, so that a closed CRL discharging loop is formed;
(2) when the current of the discharge loop reaches the maximum value, the voltage of the capacitor is zero at the moment, but the inductor keeps the current of the loop to enable the current to flow through a sample due to the existence of the inductor in the loop, and then the current reversely charges the capacitor, but the current returns to the inductor along the diode due to the existence of the diode to form an LR discharge loop consisting of L-EUT-R2-D1-L until the inductance capacity is completely consumed through R2, and a continuous wave tail is formed;
(3) the loop output waveform, the distribution diagram of the current test loop test point is shown in fig. 3, and through the loop simulation, the capacitor discharge loop current (Icap), the current of the tested product (Ieut) and the feedback current (Idiode) through the diode (as exemplified by C =40uF, R1=0.2 Ω, L1=10 μ H, R2=0.02 Ω)
Compared with the existing discharge circuit, the high-efficiency impulse current generator has high waveform output efficiency, can greatly improve the utilization rate of the capacitor, and can realize larger long-wave tail waveform by using less capacitor. According to the invention, C =40uF and 100kV charging voltage are taken as an example, 10/350 waveforms are formed by using the existing discharging loop, the loop resistor R1 is required to be about 14 omega, the wave-regulating inductor L1 is required to be about 30uH, and 10/350us waveforms of about 7kA can be output, but the wave-regulating resistor R1=0.5 omega, the wave-regulating inductor 10uH and the wave tail resistor 20 momega are used. A waveform of approximately 100kA10/350us may be output.
The high-efficiency surge current generator is simple to operate, reduces the test failure rate, overcomes the defects that a three-gap switch structure is used in the prior art, a high-voltage surge voltage generator is required to be matched for triggering and conducting of the three-gap switch, the output voltage of the high-efficiency surge current generator is generally 2 times higher than the charging voltage of a main current generator, the stability of the high-efficiency surge current generator is poor, and the like, and adopts the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit to comprise a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component and a support frame, wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component comprises a first diode, a second diode and a connecting plate, no additional surge voltage generator is needed, the generator is not easy to lose control, and the success rate is almost 100%.
In the conventional gap switch, after the switch G1 is turned on, a surge voltage generator is triggered by delaying a certain time to turn on the switch G2, so that the switch G2 is triggered at the peak of the waveform to form a discharge loop. However, if the voltage across the capacitor is 0 when the G2 switch is triggered, the stability of the switch trigger is relatively poor, and the trigger is likely to fail. And the Crowbar switch using the diode avoids the phenomenon of out-of-control, and the success rate is almost 100%.
The high-efficiency impulse current generator has smooth output waveform and no oscillation at the peak value, the conduction of the G2 switch in the prior art needs the impulse voltage generator with high voltage to trigger, and the partial energy is superposed in a discharge loop to cause oscillation at the peak position, but the switch of the invention can not form peak oscillation and has smoother waveform.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high efficiency surge current generator characterized by: the charging device comprises a charging unit (1), an energy storage unit (2), a gap switch unit (3), at least one first wave modulation resistor (4), a second wave modulation resistor (5), an inductor (6), a non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit (7) and an object carrying platform (8) to be tested, wherein the charging unit (1) is connected to the energy storage unit (2), the first wave modulation resistor (4), the gap switch unit (3) and the energy storage unit (2) are connected in series to form a first branch circuit, the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit (7) and the second wave modulation resistor (5) are connected in series to form a second branch circuit, the inductor (6) and the object carrying platform (8) to be tested are connected in series to form a third branch circuit, and the first branch circuit, the second branch circuit and the third branch circuit are connected in parallel;
the gap switch unit (3) comprises high-voltage capacitor side conductive discs (9), high-voltage inductor side conductive discs (10) and low-voltage conductive discs (11) which are arranged at intervals, the high-voltage capacitor side conductive discs (9), the high-voltage inductor side conductive discs (10) and the low-voltage conductive discs (11) are positioned and connected through insulating support rods (12), a capacitor side discharge ball (13) is installed on the high-voltage capacitor side conductive discs (9), an inductor side discharge ball (14) is installed on the high-voltage inductor side conductive discs (10), and the capacitor side discharge ball (13) and the inductor side discharge ball (14) are arranged in an opposite direction and a gap is reserved between the capacitor side discharge ball and the inductor side discharge ball (14);
the non-gap type self-adaptive Crowbar switch unit (7) comprises a high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component (15) and a support frame (16), wherein the high-voltage rapid pulse semiconductor component (15) consists of a first diode (151), a second diode (152) and a connecting plate (153), the first diode (151) and the second diode (152) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the connecting plate (153), the polarities of one ends of the first diode (151) and one end of the second diode (152) which are electrically connected with the connecting plate (153) are opposite, a reversing rotating shaft (17) is fixed in the middle of the upper side and the lower side of the connecting plate (153) which are positioned on the first diode (151) and the second diode (152), and two ends of the reversing rotating shaft (17) are arranged on the support frame (16) through bearing seats (18);
the other end of one of the first diode (151) and the second diode (152) is connected to one end of the second wave modulating resistor (5), and the other end of the other of the first diode (151) and the second diode (152) is connected to the low-voltage end of the object carrying table (8) to be tested and the low-voltage conductive disc (11) of the gap switch unit (3);
a high-voltage inductor side conductive disc (10) of the gap switch unit (3) is connected to one end of an inductor (6) and the other end of a second wave modulation resistor (5), a low-voltage conductive disc (11) of the gap switch unit (3) is connected to the low-voltage end of the object carrying table (8), and the other end of the inductor (6) is used as a high-voltage output end for connecting the high-voltage end of the object carrying table (8);
a positioning mechanism (20) is further arranged at one end of the reversing rotating shaft (17), a positioning hole (171) is correspondingly formed in the reversing rotating shaft (17), the positioning mechanism (20) comprises a fixing block (201) with a through hole (202) and an elastic pin (203) installed in the through hole (202), the reversing rotating shaft (17) is embedded into the fixing block (201), and the through hole (202) is matched with the positioning hole (171);
the capacitor side discharge ball (13) and the inductor side discharge ball (14) are both in a hemispherical shape, and the first wave modulation resistor (4) is a linear resistor.
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| CN201810506614.5A CN109406845B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | High-efficiency impulse current generator |
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| CN201510565939.7A CN105044413B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Long-tail wave impact current generating apparatus |
| CN201810506614.5A CN109406845B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | High-efficiency impulse current generator |
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| CN109406845B true CN109406845B (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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| CN201510565939.7A Active CN105044413B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Long-tail wave impact current generating apparatus |
| CN201810506614.5A Active CN109406845B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | High-efficiency impulse current generator |
| CN201810506302.4A Active CN109342786B (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Waveform generator for generating long tail waves |
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| CN103627886A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Current pulse control system for relieving residual stress |
| CN103762883A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-04-30 | 郭度厚 | Modular high-voltage large-current-pulse power source device |
| CN204086334U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-01-07 | 中国铁道科学研究院 | A kind of two-circuit surge generator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109342786A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109342787A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN105044413B (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| CN109342787B (en) | 2021-06-01 |
| CN109342786B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN109406845A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN105044413A (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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