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CN109404097A - 用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器 - Google Patents

用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器 Download PDF

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CN109404097A
CN109404097A CN201710704193.2A CN201710704193A CN109404097A CN 109404097 A CN109404097 A CN 109404097A CN 201710704193 A CN201710704193 A CN 201710704193A CN 109404097 A CN109404097 A CN 109404097A
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low temperature
heating device
temperature heating
outlet
ignition
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黄黎敏
黄利锦
黄会波
毛欣
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Guizhou Huang Cheng Polytron Technologies Inc
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Guizhou Huang Cheng Polytron Technologies Inc
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Priority to EP18187820.8A priority patent/EP3444456B1/en
Publication of CN109404097A publication Critical patent/CN109404097A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38Arrangements for igniting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/04Mixing air with exhaust gases for afterburning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器,所述低温升温器包括:管状壳体,所述管状壳体具有入口端和出口端,所述入口端与发动机的排气管连通;近入口端设置在所述壳体侧壁上的点火部,在所述点火部中央设置有进油口;与所述点火部连接并连通的点火筒,所述点火筒具有开口端和封闭端,所述封闭端靠近所述管状壳体的入口端,所述开口端靠近所述管状壳体的出口端;和进气管,所述进气管穿过所述管状壳体和所述点火筒的侧壁而通入所述点火筒内部。所述进气管具有第一出气口和第二出气口,所述第一出气口直接通入所述点火筒内部,所述第二出气口与所述点火部连通,所述点火部位于所述第一出口气和所述封闭端之间。

Description

用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于汽车排气净化处理的领域,具体而言,涉及用于对柴油发动机的排气进行升温以实现颗粒捕集器再生的领域。
背景技术
随着欧5排放标准的执行,柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)成为柴油车辆中的一种不可或缺的技术。近年来,随着机动车保有量的增加,机动车排放逐渐成为中国大城市空气污染的主要来源。在北京市大气PM2.5的来源中,机动车尾气排放的分担率高达22%。而且,机动车排放的颗粒物主要来自于柴油车。随着中国近年来日趋严格的柴油机动车排放控制法规的出台,DPF的应用将具有广阔的市场前景。
在柴油机中,柴油燃料的燃烧是籍由不同的空气/燃料混合物的自点火来实现的。如果燃烧不完全,由于氧缺乏,而产生微粒。这种微粒主要地包括碳(炭黑)、硫酸盐以及不完全燃烧碳氢化合物。为过滤出这种微粒,现有技术中已公开了柴油颗粒捕集器。
使用柴油颗粒捕集器时,通常由于过滤器负荷上升,排气背压上升。因为发动机制造商不容许超过允许的排气背压,并且不期望产生因过滤器排空所产生的维护费用,所以,对过滤器进行被动或者主动的再生是必需的。
一般来说,主动式柴油颗粒捕集器系统包括“电再生系统”或者“燃烧器支持系统”,其可以手动地触发再生,或者通过监控排气背压而开环或者闭环地控制再生的触发。
在现有技术中,燃烧器的通常设计为,其包括具有小开口的喷射器,以便在燃烧室中雾化燃料,其中,在燃烧室中燃料与燃烧所必需的空气相混合。这样设计的缺点在于,喷嘴的微小雾化开口可能会因燃烧残留物而很快结炭,而扰乱燃烧器的运行。例如,当燃烧器关闭时会形成燃烧残留物。
另外,目前设计的燃烧器结构比较复杂,不仅制造工艺麻烦、成本高昂,而且在运行过程中容易出现问题,例如在中国专利申请第CN201310019585.7号中讨论的。此外,还有一些燃烧器只能在车辆停车或怠速的情况下进行再生,而不能在车辆加速或者高速运行的时候进行再生,例如在中国专利申请第200780021783.1中讨论的。
因此,在本领域中仍然需要一种能够将来自柴油发动机的排气进行升温以达到柴油颗粒捕集器再生温度且同时能够在车辆保持高速运行或甚至在加速条件下仍然能够实现颗粒捕集器再生的燃烧器或低温升温器。
发明内容
为了实现前述目的,本申请的发明人提出了一种利用简单的结构来实现燃油燃烧和排气升温的结构。在该结构中,利用偏心进气的原理,使引入的新鲜空气在燃烧室中形成涡流,从而与燃料气体充分混合,以提高燃烧效率。之后,燃烧产生的火焰被直接引入颗粒捕集器的混合室中,与来自排气管的排气充分混合,从而将排气的温度升高,实现颗粒捕集器的再生。
具体地,在本发明的一个方面中,提供了一种用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器,所述低温升温器包括:管状壳体,所述管状壳体具有入口端和出口端,所述入口端与发动机的排气管连通;靠近入口端设置在所述壳体侧壁上的点火部,在所述点火部中央设置有进油口;与所述点火部连接并连通的点火筒,所述点火筒具有开口端和封闭端,所述封闭端靠近所述管状壳体的入口端,所述开口端靠近所述管状壳体的出口端;和进气管,所述进气管穿过所述管状壳体和所述点火筒的侧壁而通入所述点火筒内部,其特征在于,所述进气管具有第一出气口和第二出气口,所述第一出气口直接通入所述点火筒内部,所述第二出气口与所述点火部连通,所述点火部位于所述第一出口气和所述封闭端之间。根据本发明的低温升温器不仅能在车辆停车或处于怠速的情况下对累积有烟灰的微粒捕集器即DPF进行实时在线再生,而且能够在车辆处于高速运行的状态下或处于加速的状态下对累积有烟灰的微粒捕集器即DPF进行实时在线再生。而且,更为重要的是,与常规的低温升温器或燃烧器相比,利用根据本发明的低温升温器进行的DPF在线再生时间大幅缩短,甚至只有常规尾气处理系统的再生时间的一半。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,所述第一出气管口以偏心方式插入所述燃烧室中。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,在所述点火筒外壁和所述管状壳体之间还设置有分流片,所述分流片的环状部被等距切割以形成矩形或梯形状切口和向外弯曲的翅状部。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,所述翅状部朝所述管状壳体的出口端方向弯曲,并且与所述分流片的环状部所在的平面成10-90°角,优选为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°、50°、55°、60°、65°、70°、75°、80°、85°角。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,在所述分流片之前、在所述管状壳体的内壁上还设置有锥筒状的聚流罩,所述聚流罩朝所述出口端方向延伸,直径逐渐缩小。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,所述聚流罩的侧壁与所述管状壳体的侧壁成10-50°角,优选为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°、50°角。
根据第一方面所述的低温升温器,所述低温升温器与安装颗粒捕集器的外壳连通,所述外壳包括位于后部的颗粒捕集器和前部的混合室,所述管状壳体的出口端通入所述混合室中;并且柴油发动机的排气管以偏心方式通入所述混合室中。
与现有技术相比,根据本发明的低温升温器能够在车辆处于加速或甚至高速行驶的状况下稳定点燃并且使堵塞的DPF均匀再生,而不是像部分现有技术中那样只在车辆停车或处于怠速状态时才能稳定点燃并使后面安装的DPF再生。不拘泥于理论,其原因可能在于以该方式产生的火焰被有力地推到排气中,这种火焰推出的力度较强,即使排气速度较快或加快,也不能将其吹灭,从而实现稳定的点燃和再生。
附图说明
以下将参考附图来描述本发明。应当理解,附图仅仅是用来以举例的方式解释和说明本发明的原理,而无意于将本发明限制于附图中所显示的具体方案。在附图中:
图1是根据本发明一个实施方案的低温升温器的剖面视图;
图2是示出根据图1所示低温升温器的气体流动轨迹的示意性效果图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细描述根据本发明的低温升温器。然而,本领域的普通技术人员会理解,以下给出的各个实施例仅仅是为了使本领域的普通技术人员能够更好地理解本发明,而没有任何限制的目的。本发明的范围是由权利要求书限定的。
图1示出根据本发明一个实施方案的燃烧器,即用于升高发动机排气温度的低温升温器。该低温升温器用于安装在汽车(尤其是柴油车)发动机排气管的末端,通过燃烧提供热量,从而提高发动机排气的温度,实现颗粒捕集器的再生。
在图1所示的实施方案中,低温升温器包括:管状壳体,所述管状壳体具有入口端和出口端,所述入口端与发动机的排气管连通;靠近入口端设置在所述壳体侧壁上的点火部,在所述点火部中央设置有进油口;与所述点火部连接并连通的点火筒,所述点火筒具有开口端和封闭端,所述封闭端靠近所述管状壳体的入口端,所述开口端靠近所述管状壳体的出口端;和进气管,所述进气管穿过所述管状壳体和所述点火筒的侧壁而通入所述点火筒内部。特别地,所述进气管具有第一出气口和第二出气口,所述第一出气口直接通入所述点火筒内部,所述第二出气口与所述点火部连通,所述点火部位于所述第一出口气和所述封闭端之间。
点火塞通过管状的安装座安装在燃烧室上,靠近燃烧室的封闭端,用于点燃燃烧室中存在的燃油和空气的混合物。在一个实施方案中,燃油经点火塞中间的管道喷入燃烧室,并经由点火塞点燃。在其它实施方案中,点火塞也可以是常规的电火花塞,例如常规用于柴油发动机的电火花塞。当然,点火塞也可以是高温陶瓷点火棒,例如由氮化硅棒体和设置在其中的发热丝如钨丝制成。
点火筒呈管状,包括一个封闭端和一个开口端。开口端朝向柴油发动机的排气方向,用于输出燃烧产生的热气流。封闭端用于将产生的热气流反弹向开口端方向,同时阻挡产生的热气流朝排气的反方向流动,以提高热效率。在一个实施方案中,点火筒由耐高温的金属制成,例如由不锈钢制成。
第一出气管口以偏心方式插入所述点火筒中。偏心方式是指第一出气管口的中心线并未对准点火筒的中心线,而是偏离点火筒的中心一定距离,从而使得第一出气管口的出口并未对准点火筒的中心,而是对准其部分侧壁。这样,在新鲜空气通过进气管进入点火筒中时,首先冲击点火筒的侧壁,随后沿侧壁流动,形成旋转气流,从而有利于在点火筒内与从进油口进入的燃油(或者是雾化燃油)充分混合,有利于燃烧。
进气管的第二出气管口与点火塞的管状安装座连通,从而将部分新鲜送入点火塞中,用于燃油混合,提供初始的燃烧混合物。一般地,经第一出气管口进入的新鲜空气的量(例如,按体积计)与经第二出气管口流入的新鲜空气的量之比为9:1至1:1,例如为8:1、7:1、6:1、5:1、4:1、3:1或2:1,或者它们之间的任意值。通过改变第一出气管口和第二出气管口流入的新鲜空气的量,能够灵活改变燃烧室内的燃料-空气比,从而实现不同燃烧状况。例如,当柴油发动机处于停车或怠速状况时,可以适当调高该比例,例如为8:1,原因是此时排气的量比较小,占燃烧室的气体组成较小,相对少量的新鲜空气就能够维持燃油充分燃烧。相比之下,当柴油发动机处于加速状况或高速运行时,排气的量相对较大,导致占燃烧室内气体的比例较高,此时需要将更多的新鲜空气送入点火塞中,以实现燃油的充分燃烧。在一个实施方案中,这样的比例调整是通过以部分固定的方式设置在第二出气管口处的挡片(未示出)来实现的。当气流较小时,挡片的开口较小,因此仅有较少量的空气流入点火塞中;当气流增大时,挡片的开口增大,较大量的空气流入点火塞中,从而实现了第一出气管口和第二出气管口中的空气比例调节。
在所述点火筒外壁和所述管状壳体之间还设置有分流片,分流片的环状部被等距切割以形成矩形或梯形状切口和向外弯曲的翅状部。翅状部朝管状壳体的出口端方向弯曲,并且与分流片的环状部所在的平面成10-90°角。在一个优选方案中,该角度为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°、50°、55°、60°、65°、70°、75°、80°或85°。在一个更为优选的实施方案中,该角度为45°。
不拘泥于任何理论,分流片将发动机过来的线性气流方向转变为旋转方向,从而增加气流与火焰的接触面积,保证气体均匀受热,减少气流直接撞击聚流罩产生乱流的现象。
在一个实施方案中,在分流片之前、在管状壳体的内壁上还设置有锥筒状的聚流罩,聚流罩朝所述出口端方向延伸,直径逐渐缩小。聚流罩的侧壁与管状壳体的侧壁成10-50°角。在一个优选方案中,该角度为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°或50°。聚流罩将分流片产生的偏转气流聚流,充分火焰靠近,到达良好的加热效果。
在另一实施方案中,来自发动机的排气经过进气管道进入低温点火装置,经分流片、聚流罩排出;气泵的气经过进气管进入,流经点火器和点火筒,将点火气处燃烧的火焰带出到聚流罩处,从而加热经发动机过来的气体,并与气泵的气体混合,形成高温气体排出。通过设置分流片和聚流罩,燃烧产生的热气流和来自发动机的排气先混合形成旋转气流,之后经过小幅汇聚,从而实现了充分混合,有利于对DPF进行均匀再生,有效防止DPF在再生过程中因为受热不均而发生破裂,延长其使用寿命。另外,该均匀混合也大幅提高了热效率,降低了再生过程中的燃油消耗,进一步起到了节能减排的作用。
在另一实施方案中,低温升温器与安装颗粒捕集器的外壳连通,外壳包括位于后部的颗粒捕集器和前部的混合室,管状壳体的出口端通入混合室中;并且柴油发动机的排气管以偏心方式通入所述混合室中。这样,进入混合室中的排气形成旋转气流,便于与燃烧产生的热气流充分混合,从而实现DPF的均匀再生。此外,这样安排的一个优点是低温升温器可以与排气管形成弯曲配合而非直线配合,有利于灵活安装,提高了低温升温器的适配性能。
实施例1:低温升温器在怠速下的燃烧
低温升温器配置如图1所示的,在此不再赘述。低温升温器与发动机排气管线性安装。发动机为东风汽车公司的柴油车,排气量为2.8升。对比例为中国专利申请第200780021783.1中公开的低温升温器。
首先,启动发动机,在怠速、加速和高速运行的状态下根据程式对低温升温器进行预热、点燃,观察火焰在怠速下的点火可靠性,即观察是否稳定点燃,是否出现被排气吹灭的情况并记录。
接下来,在低温升温器出口端安装经使用过的颗粒捕集器即DPF(其中累积了大量的烟灰,但是DPF完好无损),并且依据程式进行再生实验。在实验过程中观察DPF内燃烧是否均匀,并记录多个温度。实验结束后检测DPF是否出现裂纹。
实施例2:低温升温器在高速和加速状况下的燃烧
低温升温器配置如图1所示,在此不再赘述。低温升温器与发动机排气管线性安装。发动机为东风汽车公司的柴油车,排气量为2.8升。对比例为中国专利申请第200780021783.1中公开的低温升温器。
首先,启动发动机,在怠速、加速和高速运行的状态下根据程式对低温升温器进行预热、点燃,观察火焰在怠速下的点火可靠性,即观察是否稳定点燃,是否出现被排气吹灭的情况并记录。
接下来,在低温升温器出口端安装经使用过的颗粒捕集器即DPF(其中累积了大量的烟灰,但是DPF完好无损),并且依据程式进行再生实验。在实验过程中观察DPF内燃烧是否均匀,并记录多个温度。实验结束后检测DPF是否出现裂纹。
最后,对再生完成的DPF进行称重,并基于再生之前的DPF重量来计算清灰率。对多个清灰率求平均值,以此来表征再生程度。
实施例1和2的结果在下表1中示出。
表1:实施例1和实施例2的结果
在实施例1和实施例2中,根据本发明的低温升温器在实施例1和实施例2中均稳定点燃,并且能够使累积有烟灰的DPF稳定再生,清灰率到达90%左右,表明使DPF再生的效果非常好,并且均未出现DPF破裂或产生裂纹的情况。
另外,在保证90%或更高的DPF再生的情况下,根据本发明的低温升温器平均用时10分钟左右就能实现再生,而对比例则需要20分钟左右,甚至长达30分钟。这样,根据本发明系统再生所用的燃油消耗大幅降低,同时还延长了点火棒的使用寿命。
与此相比,在对比例中,在怠速状态下,DPF平均清灰率也只有85%左右。而且在加速和高速运行的状态下,观察到非常小的火焰,并且DPF入口端的温度非常低,只有300℃左右,根本达不到DPF再生的温度,因此清灰率几乎为零,即在该状态下对比例公开的低温升温器根本不能使DPF再生。
由上述实验数据可知,无论是在怠速状态下,还是在加速或高速行驶的状态下,根据本发明的低温升温器在点燃可靠性或稳定性、DPF清灰率等方面均由于对比例中的低温升温器。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于柴油发动机排气净化处理的低温升温器,所述低温升温器包括:
管状壳体,所述管状壳体具有入口端和出口端,所述入口端与发动机的排气管连通;
靠近入口端设置在所述壳体侧壁上的点火部,在所述点火部中央设置有进油口;
与所述点火部连接并连通的点火筒,所述点火筒具有开口端和封闭端,所述封闭端靠近所述管状壳体的入口端,所述开口端靠近所述管状壳体的出口端;和
进气管,所述进气管穿过所述管状壳体和所述点火筒的侧壁而通入所述点火筒内部,
其特征在于,所述进气管具有第一出气口和第二出气口,所述第一出气口直接通入所述点火筒内部,所述第二出气口与所述点火部连通,所述点火部位于所述第一出口气和所述封闭端之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温升温器,其中所述第一出气管口以偏心方式插入所述燃烧室中。
3.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的低温升温器,其中在所述点火筒外壁和所述管状壳体之间还设置有分流片,所述分流片的环状部被等距切割以形成矩形或梯形状切口和向外弯曲的翅状部。
4.根据权利要求4所述的低温升温器,其中所述翅状部朝所述管状壳体的出口端方向弯曲,并且与所述分流片的环状部所在的平面成10-90°角,优选为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°、50°、55°、60°、65°、70°、75°、80°、85°角。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的低温升温器,其中在所述分流片之前、在所述管状壳体的内壁上还设置有锥筒状的聚流罩,所述聚流罩朝所述出口端方向延伸,直径逐渐缩小。
6.根据权利要求5所述的低温升温器,其中所述聚流罩的侧壁与所述管状壳体的侧壁成10-50°角,优选为10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°、50°角。
7.根据权利要求1所述的低温升温器,其中所述低温升温器与安装颗粒捕集器的外壳连通,所述外壳包括位于后部的颗粒捕集器和前部的混合室,所述管状壳体的出口端通入所述混合室中;并且柴油发动机的排气管以偏心方式通入所述混合室中。
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