Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing composite material cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, and provides a PVDF-based composite material with an island structure and a preparation method thereof.
The invention firstly provides a PVDF-based composite material with a sea-island structure, which is prepared by firstly carrying out melt blending on polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nano tubes, then carrying out hot pressing and cold pressing, and demoulding.
Preferably, the carbon nanotube is a carbon nanotube with a carboxyl group on the surface.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the PVDF-based composite material with the sea-island structure, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing melt blending on polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nano tubes to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nano tube compound;
step two: and (3) placing the polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nanotube composite obtained in the first step into a mould for hot pressing, then transferring the mould into a cold press for cold pressing, and demoulding to obtain the PVDF-based composite material with the sea-island structure.
Preferably, in the first step, the mass ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride, the ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and the carbon nanotubes is (87.5-90): 10: (0.5-2.5).
Preferably, in the first step, the mass ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride, the ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate to the carbon nanotubes is 88: 10: 2.
preferably, the melt blending temperature in the first step is 190-.
Preferably, the hot pressing temperature of the second step is 190-220 ℃, the pressure is 8-13MPa, and the hot pressing time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the step two is cold pressing at a pressure of 8-13 Mpa.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention provides a PVDF-based composite material with a sea-island structure and a preparation method thereof, the composite material takes polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) with poor compatibility with PVDF is taken as an island phase to be distributed in the PVDF matrix, carbon nano tubes with carboxyl on the surface are taken as conductive fillers to be subjected to melt blending with PVDF and E-MA-GMA, wherein the carbon nano tubes with carboxyl on the surface can react with the E-MA-GMA in the melt blending process, so that the carbon nano tubes are selectively distributed in the E-MA-GMA phase, and E-MA-GMA molecules reacted with the carbon nano tubes can be coated on the surfaces of the carbon nano tubes, thereby effectively reducing the contact among the carbon nano tubes, and ensuring that the obtained composite material has high dielectric constant, The dielectric loss is low, and the experimental result shows that: the dielectric constant of the composite material of the invention is as high as 794(1KHz), and the dielectric loss is only 0.81. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple and the raw materials are easy to obtain.
Detailed Description
The invention firstly provides a PVDF-based composite material with a sea-island structure, which is prepared by firstly carrying out melt blending on polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nano tubes, then carrying out hot pressing and cold pressing, and demoulding.
According to the invention, the polyvinylidene fluoride, the ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and the carbon nano tube are commercially available, and the preferable model of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is Solef 6010; ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) is preferably LOTADER AX8900 of Arkema, and the carbon nanotube is preferably a carbon nanotube with carboxyl on the surface, and is preferably TNMC3 of Chengdu organic chemistry, Inc., of Chinese academy of sciences.
The composite material is prepared by taking polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, taking ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate which is poor in compatibility with PVDF as an island phase to be distributed in the PVDF matrix, taking carbon nanotubes with carboxyl on the surface as a conductive filler to be subjected to melt blending with PVDF and E-MA-GMA, wherein the carbon nanotubes with carboxyl on the surface can react with the E-MA-GMA in the melt blending process, so that the carbon nanotubes are selectively distributed in the E-MA-GMA phase, and E-MA-GMA molecules reacted with the carbon nanotubes can be coated on the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes, thereby effectively reducing the contact among the carbon nanotubes.
The present invention also provides a method for preparing a PVDF-based composite material having an island-in-sea structure, wherein the process schematic diagram of the composite material and the island-in-sea structure schematic diagram of the composite material are shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: putting polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nano tubes into a torque rheometer for melt blending to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nano tube compound;
step two: placing the polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nanotube composite obtained in the first step into a mold for hot pressing, then transferring the composite into a cold press for cold pressing until the mold is cooled to be below the deformation temperature of PVDF, and demolding to obtain the PVDF-based composite material with the sea-island structure.
According to the invention, in the first step, the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nanotubes is preferably (87.5-90): 10: (0.5-2.5), more preferably (88-89): 10: (1-2), most preferably 88: 10: 2; when the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes is less than 2%, the dielectric loss of the material is only slightly reduced, but the dielectric constant of the material is greatly reduced. When the content of the carbon nanotubes is higher than 2%, although the dielectric constant is greatly improved, the dielectric loss is obviously improved.
According to the invention, the melt blending temperature in the first step is preferably 190-.
According to the invention, the hot-pressing temperature of the second step is preferably 190-220 ℃, the pressure is preferably 8-13MPa, and the hot-pressing time is preferably 5-10 minutes.
According to the invention, the second step is preferably carried out by cold pressing at a pressure of 8-13 MPa.
In order to make the other advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate and carbon nanotubes are mixed according to the mass ratio of 88: 10: 2, putting the mixture into a torque rheometer to perform melt blending, wherein the blending temperature is 200 ℃, the rotor speed is 60 revolutions per minute, and the blending time is 5 minutes, so as to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nanotube compound;
placing the polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate/carbon nanotube composite in a mold, heating to 200 ℃, hot-pressing for 5 minutes under the pressure of 10MPa, and demolding after the mold is cooled to be below the PVDF deformation temperature under the pressure condition to obtain the composite material.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the composite obtained in example 1; wherein (a) is an image without the addition of carbon nanotubes; (b) the image is the image when the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube is 2 wt%; (c) and (d) scanning electron microscope images after etching respectively corresponding to the (a) and the (b). The existence of sea-island structure is evident from (a) in fig. 2, and the carbon nanotubes selectively distributed in the E-MA-GMA are marked by circles in (b). (c) The formation of the sea-island structure can be further confirmed after the etching of the E-MA-GMA corresponding to the electron microscope image after the etching treatment (a) and the formation of the sea-island structure can be further confirmed after the etching of the E-MA-GMA corresponding to the electron microscope image after the etching treatment (b) and the electron microscope image after the etching treatment (d) is obvious from the figure.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material prepared in example 1 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the results are shown in fig. 3, in which when the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes is 2 wt%, the dielectric constant of the material is 794, and the dielectric loss is only 0.81.
Example 2
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 89: 10: 1 is added.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material prepared in example 2 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the result is shown in fig. 3, in which the dielectric constant of the material at 1000 hz was 22, and the dielectric loss was 0.057.
Example 3
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1, except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 88.5: 10: 1.5 addition.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material prepared in example 3 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the result is shown in fig. 3, in which the dielectric constant of the material at 1000 hz was 180 and the dielectric loss was 0.622.
Example 4
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1, except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 88.25: 10: 1.75 is added.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material obtained in example 4 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the result is shown in fig. 3, in which the dielectric constant 563 was obtained at 1000 hz, and the dielectric loss was 0.749.
Example 5
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 87.5: 10: 2.5 addition.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material obtained in example 5 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the result is shown in fig. 3, in which the dielectric constant of the material at 1000 hz was 1286, and the dielectric loss was 2.2.
Comparative example 1
The steps and conditions are the same as those of example 1, except that E-MA-GMA is not added in the steps, and the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride to carbon nanotubes is (97.5-99): (1-2.5) adding.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material prepared in comparative example 1 were measured by an ac impedance meter, and the results are shown in fig. 4, in which the dielectric constant of the carbon nanotube was 3326 when the carbon nanotube mass fraction was 2 wt% and the frequency was 1000 hz, but the dielectric loss was 799.
Comparative example 2
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 93: 5: 2 is added.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material obtained in comparative example 2 were obtained by the ac group counseling test, and the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were 1862 and 347, respectively, when the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes was 2% and the frequency was 1000 hz.
Comparative example 3
The procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, and carbon nanotubes were mixed in a mass ratio of 83: 15: 2 is added.
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the composite material obtained in comparative example 3 were obtained by the ac group counseling test, and the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were 339 and 0.64, respectively, when the mass fraction of the carbon nanotube was 2% and the frequency was 1000 hz.