CN109375261A - Sensor layout method and system for observation station for earth surface micro-seismic monitoring - Google Patents
Sensor layout method and system for observation station for earth surface micro-seismic monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109375261A CN109375261A CN201811329691.4A CN201811329691A CN109375261A CN 109375261 A CN109375261 A CN 109375261A CN 201811329691 A CN201811329691 A CN 201811329691A CN 109375261 A CN109375261 A CN 109375261A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
- G01V1/201—Constructional details of seismic cables, e.g. streamers
- G01V1/202—Connectors, e.g. for force, signal or power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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Abstract
本发明属于地震勘探设备技术领域，公开了一种用于地表微地震监测的观测台站的传感器布局方法及传感器系统，建立单个观测台站，单个观测台站包括相交两条传感器排列，即1号传感器排列和2号传感器排列。本发明采用多个传感器沿直线依次排放构成1条传感器排列，可利用多个传感器所记录的单分量、双分量、三分量的位移、速度、加速度资料，通过对波形振幅、地震波能量、时频特征等属性进行叠加、匹配处理，突出有效信号、提高信噪比；在仅利用单分量传感器的情况下，仍然能提取微地震监测记录中震相的出射方向，与利用单个三分量检测台站提取震相出射方向的方法相比，具有不需要拾取震相振幅、提取精度高，成本低的特点。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration equipment, and discloses a sensor layout method and a sensor system for an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring, and establishes a single observation station, which includes two intersecting sensor arrangements, namely, sensor arrangement No. 1 and sensor arrangement No. 2. The present invention uses multiple sensors arranged in sequence along a straight line to form a sensor arrangement, and can use the single-component, double-component, and three-component displacement, velocity, and acceleration data recorded by multiple sensors, and can highlight effective signals and improve signal-to-noise ratio by superimposing and matching properties such as waveform amplitude, seismic wave energy, and time-frequency characteristics; when only a single-component sensor is used, the exit direction of the seismic phase in the microseismic monitoring record can still be extracted. Compared with the method of extracting the exit direction of the seismic phase using a single three-component detection station, it has the characteristics of not needing to pick up the seismic phase amplitude, high extraction accuracy, and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic exploration equipment technical field more particularly to a kind of measuring platforms for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring
The sensor placement method and sensing system stood.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such that micro-seismic monitoring refers to monitoring due to mankind's activity such as mine
Small-scale earthquake caused by the industry such as exploitation, hydraulic fracturing, urban underground space construction, underground heat exploitation or underground gas storage.Micro-ly
The development for shaking monitoring technology will improve urban underground space and geological disaster disaster monitoring prediction ability, reduce lives and properties damage
It loses.Microseismic is also applied in petroleum industry, is mainly used for oil reservoir driving monitoring and reservoir fracturing monitoring.Underground
Rock masses fracturing is simultaneously released energy in the form of seismic wave, can record such earthquake by earth's surface or borehole microseismic monitoring device
Wave.Microseism earthquake magnitude is small, the seismic wave energy of generation it is weak and in propagation path by the attenuation by absorption effect and back of ball medium
Scape noise jamming.Earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring record has the characteristics that low signal-to-noise ratio, it is difficult to identify P wave seismic phase and extract first arrival P wave
Ray vector reduces microseism positioning accuracy.In micro-seismic monitoring data processing stage, method of the existing processing method to filter
Microseism signal-to-noise ratio can be improved, but when useful signal is Chong Die with frequency spectrum of noise signals is difficult to effectively remove noise.To obtain earthquake
The outgoing vector of wave seismic phase, existing micro-seismic monitoring equipment use three-component micro-seismic monitoring instrument, micro- by identification three-component
Solve seismic phase outgoing vector in earthquake record with the amplitude of seismic phase is having since such method need to extract the amplitude of seismic phase
Biggish error will be brought in the presence of noise.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
Micro-seismic event useful signal is weak, and existing observation technology is led to acquisition by the interference of complicated multi-source ambient noise
Micro-seismic monitoring data SNR is low.When the frequency range of complicated multi-source ambient noise is Chong Die with the frequency range of useful signal,
It is difficult to effectively suppress complicated multi-source ambient noise using frequency filtering denoising method.Complicated multi-source ambient noise seriously affects micro-
Seismic events detection, microseism seismic source location and focal mechanism inverting efficiency and precision.Complicated multi-source ambient noise has amplitude
Cause micro-seismic event detection method to fail when saltant type, frequency discontinuity type feature, causes micro-seismic event error detection and cross to pick up
It takes.Complicated multi-source ambient noise interference seismic phase identification and extraction, cause TRANSFORMATION RATIO and seismic phase to be emitted vector result error
Increase, influences microseism seismic source location precision.Complicated multi-source ambient noise causes useful signal wave distortion, causes based on first arrival
Longitudinal wave polarization direction and based on waveform-matching approach focal mechanism inversion algorithm failure.
The difficulty and meaning to solve the above problems: it suppresses complicated multi-source ambient noise and helps to improve microseism data noise
Than to improving, micro-seismic event detection efficiency and precision, realization microseism focus is accurately positioned and microseism focal mechanism inverting
It is of great significance.In micro-seismic event context of detection, the prominent seismic phase of microseismograms signal-to-noise ratio is improved, the time is conducive to
Domain and frequency area detecting method accurately identify micro-seismic event and extract TRANSFORMATION RATIO and amplitude.In microseism seismic source location side
Face, useful signal signal-to-noise ratio is high, and inverting class method implements the accurate positioning of microseism focus when being conducive to amplitude superposition class and walking.?
In terms of the inverting of microseism focal mechanism, useful signal signal-to-noise ratio is high, is conducive to using the polarization of first arrival longitudinal wave, longitudinal and shear wave amplitude when
Waveform Matching class focal mechanism inversion algorithm solves microseism focal mechanism.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of observation stations for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring
Sensor placement method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of sensor placement method of the observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring is
The single observation station is established, the single station of observing includes two sensor arrangements of intersection, i.e. No. 1 sensor arrangement and No. 2 sensings
Device arrangement, sensor arrangement include multiple sensors discharged according to this along straight line；
Further, No. 1 sensor arrangement and No. 2 sensors arrange coding rule are as follows: if straight line where selected arrangement
Unit vector and positive north orientation unit vector meet: < r1,rN>≤1, then the sensor is arranged as No. 1 sensor arrangement, another sensing
Device is arranged as No. 2 sensors and arranges, in formula, r1The unit vector of straight line, the unit where indicating selected sensor arrangement
The north component of vector is positive, rNIndicate the unit vector of direct north, "<>" indicates dot product operator；
Further, the sensor arrangement of two intersections refers to straight line intersection where two sensor arrangements；
Further, the sensor at two sensor arrangement overlapping positions is contact sensor；
Further, sensor includes single component sensors, double component quadrature sensors, three-component quadrature sensor, multiaxis
Sensor；
Further, single component sensors are to include 1 horizontal direction component or 1 vertically to the sensor of component；Double components
Quadrature sensor be include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components or 1 horizontal direction component sensor to component vertical with 1；Three points
Amount quadrature sensor is to include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components and 1 vertically to the sensor of component；Multi-axial sensor, Ji Keyou
The unit measurement vector r that axis each in multi-axial sensor is recordediIt projects to two orthogonal horizontal component rE、rNAnd 1
A vertical component rZSensor；In above formula, r1,r2For the numerical value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r3For the numerical value of vertical component, M
For the quantity of sensor axis in multi-axial sensor, Σ indicates summation operation, orthogonal horizontal component rEIt is displacement component, orthogonal horizontal
Component rNIt is velocity component, vertical component rZIt is component of acceleration；
Further, sensor position PiMeet at a distance between straight line l where sensor:In formula, " | | |
| " indicate that, apart from operator, for calculating point at a distance from straight line and putting at a distance from point, n indicates the quantity of sensor, and Δ d is indicated
The average headway of sensor, may be expressed as:
Further, straight line where No. 1 sensor arrangement and No. 2 sensor arrangement place straight line intersections include 4 kinds of situations:
(1) No. 1 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors position and No. 2 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors position weights
It closes, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
1 sensor position in (2) No. 1 sensor arrangements and 1 sensor place in No. 2 sensor arrangements
Position is overlapped, and the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
(3) No. 1 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors positions and 1 sensor institute in No. 2 sensor arrangements are in place
Coincidence is set, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
1 sensor position and No. 2 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors institutes in (4) No. 1 sensor arrangements is in place
Coincidence is set, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
Further, the cosine value of two sensor arrangement angles is that cos θ is expressed as cos θ=< r1,r2>, in formula, r1Refer to
The unit vector of straight line, r where No. 1 sensor arrangement2The unit vector of straight line, r where referring to No. 2 sensor arrangements1, r2Arrow
The north component of amount is positive.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The present invention constitutes sensor arrangement using multiple sensor units, can obtain multiple groups observation data simultaneously, utilize vibration
Width superposition scan method can obtain seismic data superposition energy group and extract onset phase then and apparent velocity.Utilize two phases
The single observation station is established in the sensor arrangement of friendship, can according to the onset phase obtained in two sensors arrangements then and view
Speed directly calculates the exit direction of seismic first breaks ray using vector analysis method.Choose the position conduct of contact sensor
The Exit positions of earthquake first arrival ray calculate the propagation path of seismic first breaks ray in combination with inverse time ray-tracing algorithm.It adopts
Simple component, the double components, three-component displacement, speed, acceleration data recorded with multi-class sensor, to extract waveform vibration
Width, seismic wave energy, time-frequency characteristics mutation come extract seismic first break then, exit direction.Determine direct north, utilisation point
The azimuth of integration method direct solution seismic first break ray vector.Using present invention seismic data collected, do not needing
Under the premise of picking up seismic phase amplitude, seismic ray outgoing vector can be calculated merely with amplitude scanning stacking method, and be only applicable in single
In the case of component sensor, still can extract micro-seismic monitoring record in seismic ray then and exit direction, with utilize three
The monitoring of multicomponent seismic meter is compared, and micro-seismic monitoring cost is reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the sensor placement method knot of the observation station provided in an embodiment of the present invention for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring
Structure schematic diagram,
In figure: 1, No. 1 sensor arrangement；2, No. 2 sensor arrangements；3, sensor；4, sensor is got in touch with；
Fig. 2 is a kind of sensor placement side of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The schematic diagram of case embodiment one；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of sensor placement scheme of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided by the invention is implemented
The schematic diagram of example two；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of sensor placement scheme of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided by the invention is implemented
The schematic diagram of example three；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of sensor placement scheme of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided by the invention is implemented
The schematic diagram of example four；
Fig. 6 is that a kind of sensor placement scheme of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided by the invention is implemented
The schematic diagram of example five；
Fig. 7 is that a kind of sensor placement scheme of observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring provided by the invention is implemented
The schematic diagram of example six.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of observation stations for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring
Sensor placement method, the invention is realized in this way, a kind of sensor cloth of the observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring
Office's method is to establish the single observation station, as shown in Figure 1, individually the observation station includes two sensor arrangements of intersection, i.e., No. 1 biography
Sensor arranges 1 and No. 2 sensor arrangement 2, and sensor arrangement includes multiple sensors 4 discharged according to this along straight line；
Further, the coding rule of No. 1 sensor arrangement and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors are as follows: if straight line where selected arrangement
Unit vector and positive north orientation unit vector meet: < r1,rN>≤1, then the sensor is arranged as No. 1 sensor arrangement 1, another
Sensor is arranged as No. 2 sensors arrangement 2, in formula, r1The unit vector of straight line where indicating selected sensor arrangement, should
The north component of unit vector is positive, rNIndicate the unit vector of direct north, "<>" indicates dot product operator；
Further, the sensor arrangement of two intersections refers to straight line intersection where two sensor arrangements；
Further, the sensor at two sensor arrangement overlapping positions is contact sensor 3；
Further, sensor 4 includes single component sensors, double component quadrature sensors, three-component quadrature sensor, multiaxis
Sensor；
Further, single component sensors are to include 1 horizontal direction component or 1 vertically to the sensor of component；Double components
Quadrature sensor be include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components or 1 horizontal direction component sensor to component vertical with 1；Three points
Amount quadrature sensor is to include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components and 1 vertically to the sensor of component；Multi-axial sensor, Ji Keyou
The unit measurement vector r that axis each in multi-axial sensor is recordediIt projects to two orthogonal horizontal component rE、rNAnd 1
A vertical component rZSensor；In above formula, r1,r2For the numerical value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r3For the numerical value of vertical component, M
For the quantity of sensor axis in multi-axial sensor, Σ indicates summation operation, orthogonal horizontal component rEIt is displacement component, orthogonal horizontal
Component rNIt is velocity component, vertical component rZIt is component of acceleration；
Further, 4 position P of sensoriMeet at a distance between straight line l where sensor:In formula, " | |
| | " indicate that, apart from operator, for calculating point at a distance from straight line and putting at a distance from point, n indicates the quantity of sensor, Δ d table
The average headway for showing sensor, may be expressed as:
Further, No. 1 sensor arranges 1 place straight line and No. 2 sensors arrange 2 place straight line intersections and include 4 kinds of situations:
(1) No. 1 sensor arrangement 1 endpoint sensors, 4 position arranges 2 endpoint sensors, 4 institute in place with No. 2 sensors
Coincidence is set, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor 3；
14 position of sensor in (2) No. 1 sensor arrangements 1 and 1 sensor 4 in No. 2 sensor arrangements 2
Position is overlapped, and the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor 3；
(3) No. 1 sensor arrangement 1 endpoint sensors, 4 positions and 1 sensor, 4 institute in No. 2 sensor arrangements 2
It is overlapped in position, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor 3；
14 position of sensor in (4) No. 1 sensor arrangements 1 arranges 2 endpoint sensors, 4 institute with No. 2 sensors
It is overlapped in position, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor 3；
Further, the cosine value of two sensor arrangement angles is that cos θ is expressed as cos θ=< r1,r2>, in formula, r1Refer to
No. 1 sensor arranges the unit vector of 1 place straight line, r2Refer to that No. 2 sensors arrange the unit vector of 2 place straight lines, r1, r2
The north component of vector is positive.
It elaborates below by drawings and the specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment one:
As shown in Fig. 2, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 110 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 120 at contact sensor 131
Rectilinear layout 100.The layout 100 that No. 1 sensor arranges 110 and No. 2 120 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
One observation station.It is 111 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 110 place straight lines, and sensor 112 is apart from successively with sensor spacing 113
Discharge, length 114 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 112 on straight line 111.It is straight where No. 2 sensor arrangements 120
Line is 121, and sensor 122 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 123, and length 124 is sensor 122 on straight line 121
Linear distance.The sensor spacing 113 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally,
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 113 is higher.No. 1 sensor arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 114 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions
It is selected.The sensor spacing 123 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally, is passed
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 123 is higher.No. 2 sensors arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Table orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 124 of No. 2 sensors arrangement according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions into
Row selection.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be suppressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of rectilinear layout 100
Random noise improve signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identify microseism seismic phase, using No. 1 sensor arrange seismic phase walk when and 2
When number sensor arrangement seismic phase is walked and surface seismic wave velocity, seismic phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted.Get in touch with the sight of sensor 131
Measured data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
Specific embodiment two:
As shown in figure 3, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 210 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 220 at contact sensor 231
Non-perpendicular formula layout 200.The layout 200 that No. 1 sensor arranges 210 and No. 2 220 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
An observation station.It is 211 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 210 place straight lines, sensor 212 with sensor spacing 213 be distance according to
Secondary discharge, length 214 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 212 on straight line 211.Where No. 2 sensor arrangements 220
Straight line is 221, and sensor 222 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 223, and length 224 is sensor 222 in straight line 221
On linear distance.The sensor spacing 213 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 213 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 214 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The sensor spacing 223 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 223 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 224 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be pressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of non-perpendicular formula layout 200
Random noise processed improves signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identifies microseism seismic phase, when being walked using the seismic phase that No. 1 sensor arranges and
No. 2 sensors arrange when seismic phases are walked and surface seismic wave velocity, can effectively extract seismic phase outgoing vector.Get in touch with sensor 231
Observation data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
Specific embodiment three:
As shown in figure 4, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 310 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 320 at contact sensor 331
Rectilinear layout 300.The layout 300 that No. 1 sensor arranges 310 and No. 2 320 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
One observation station.It is 311 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 310 place straight lines, and sensor 312 is apart from successively with sensor spacing 313
Discharge, length 314 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 312 on straight line 311.It is straight where No. 2 sensor arrangements 320
Line is 321, and sensor 322 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 323, and length 324 is sensor 322 on straight line 321
Linear distance.The sensor spacing 313 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally,
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 313 is higher.No. 1 sensor arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 314 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions
It is selected.The sensor spacing 323 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally, is passed
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 323 is higher.No. 2 sensors arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Table orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 324 of No. 2 sensors arrangement according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions into
Row selection.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be suppressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of rectilinear layout 300
Random noise improve signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identify microseism seismic phase, using No. 1 sensor arrange seismic phase walk when and 2
When number sensor arrangement seismic phase is walked and surface seismic wave velocity, seismic phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted.Get in touch with the sight of sensor 331
Measured data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
Specific embodiment four:
As shown in figure 5, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 410 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 420 at contact sensor 431
Non-perpendicular formula layout 400.The layout 400 that No. 1 sensor arranges 410 and No. 2 420 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
An observation station.It is 411 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 410 place straight lines, sensor 412 with sensor spacing 413 be distance according to
Secondary discharge, length 414 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 412 on straight line 411.Where No. 2 sensor arrangements 420
Straight line is 421, and sensor 422 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 423, and length 424 is sensor 422 in straight line 421
On linear distance.The sensor spacing 413 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 413 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 414 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The sensor spacing 423 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 423 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 424 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be pressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of non-perpendicular formula layout 400
Random noise processed improves signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identifies microseism seismic phase, when being walked using the seismic phase that No. 1 sensor arranges and
No. 2 sensors arrange when seismic phases are walked and surface seismic wave velocity, can effectively extract seismic phase outgoing vector.Get in touch with sensor 431
Observation data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
Specific embodiment five:
As shown in fig. 6, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 510 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 520 at contact sensor 531
Rectilinear layout 500.The layout 500 that No. 1 sensor arranges 510 and No. 2 520 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
One observation station.It is 511 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 510 place straight lines, and sensor 512 is apart from successively with sensor spacing 513
Discharge, length 514 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 512 on straight line 511.It is straight where No. 2 sensor arrangements 520
Line is 521, and sensor 522 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 523, and length 524 is sensor 522 on straight line 521
Linear distance.The sensor spacing 513 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally,
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 513 is higher.No. 1 sensor arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 514 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions
It is selected.The sensor spacing 523 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally, is passed
The smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 523 is higher.No. 2 sensors arrangement number of sensors according to geology survey tasks demand,
Table orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 524 of No. 2 sensors arrangement according to micro-seismic monitoring task and surface conditions into
Row selection.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be suppressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of rectilinear layout 500
Random noise improve signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identify microseism seismic phase, using No. 1 sensor arrange seismic phase walk when and 2
When number sensor arrangement seismic phase is walked and surface seismic wave velocity, seismic phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted.Get in touch with the sight of sensor 531
Measured data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
Specific embodiment six:
As shown in fig. 7, illustrating No. 1 sensor arranges 610 and No. 2 sensor arrangements 620 at contact sensor 631
Non-perpendicular formula layout 600.The layout 600 that No. 1 sensor arranges 610 and No. 2 620 compositions of sensor arrangement constitutes micro-seismic monitoring
An observation station.It is 611 that No. 1 sensor, which arranges 610 place straight lines, sensor 612 with sensor spacing 613 be distance according to
Secondary discharge, length 614 are the floor projection length of distance of the sensor 612 on straight line 611.Where No. 2 sensor arrangements 620
Straight line is 621, and sensor 622 is that distance is successively discharged with sensor spacing 623, and length 624 is sensor 622 in straight line 621
On linear distance.The sensor spacing 613 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 613 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 614 of No. 1 sensor arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The sensor spacing 623 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is selected according to sensor sample rate and accuracy of observation, generally
Ground, the smaller accuracy of observation of sensor spacing 623 are higher.The number of sensors of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to geology survey tasks need
It asks, earth's surface orographic condition etc. is selected.The spread length 624 of No. 2 sensors arrangement is according to micro-seismic monitoring task and earth's surface
Condition is selected.The orientation that No. 1 sensor arrangement, No. 2 sensors are arranged in earth's surface placement does not influence micro-seismic monitoring effect.
Sensor arrangement includes: that can effectively be pressed using amplitude, energy supposition method according to the advantages of non-perpendicular formula layout 600
Random noise processed improves signal-to-noise ratio, efficiently and accurately identifies microseism seismic phase, when being walked using the seismic phase that No. 1 sensor arranges and
No. 2 sensors arrange when seismic phases are walked and surface seismic wave velocity, can effectively extract seismic phase outgoing vector.Get in touch with sensor 631
Observation data can be used as the standard track when micro-seismic monitoring data of No. 1 sensor arrangement of correction and the arrangement of No. 2 sensors.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sensor placement method of the observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring, which is characterized in that the layout side
Method is to establish the single observation station, and individually the observation station includes two sensor arrangements of intersection, i.e. No. 1 sensor arranges and No. 2
Sensor arrangement, sensor arrangement include multiple sensors discharged according to this along straight line；
No. 1 sensor arrangement and No. 2 sensors arrange coding rule are as follows: if the unit vector of straight line where selected arrangement
Meet with positive north orientation unit vector: < r1,rN>≤1, then the sensor is arranged as No. 1 sensor arrangement, and another sensor is arranged as
No. 2 sensors arrange, in formula, r1The unit vector of straight line, the north of the unit vector where indicating selected sensor arrangement
It is positive to component, rNIndicate the unit vector of direct north, "<>" indicates dot product operator.
2. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The sensor arrangement of two intersections refers to straight line intersection where two sensor arrangements.
3. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Sensor at two sensors arrangement intersection overlapping positions is contact sensor.
4. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The sensor includes single component sensors, double component quadrature sensors, three-component quadrature sensor, multi-axial sensor；
The single component sensors are to include 1 horizontal direction component or 1 vertically to the sensor of component；The orthogonal sensing of double components
Device be include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components or 1 horizontal direction component sensor to component vertical with 1；The orthogonal biography of three-component
Sensor is to include 2 horizontal direction quadrature components and 1 vertically to the sensor of component；Multi-axial sensor, Ji Keyou
The unit measurement vector r that axis each in multi-axial sensor is recordediIt projects to two orthogonal horizontal component rE、rNAnd 1 hang down
Straight component rZSensor；In above formula, r1,r2For the numerical value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r3For the numerical value of vertical component, M is more
The quantity of sensor axis in axle sensor, Σ indicate summation operation, orthogonal horizontal component rEIt is displacement component, orthogonal horizontal component
rNIt is velocity component, vertical component rZIt is component of acceleration.
5. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The position P of the sensoriMeet at a distance between straight line l where sensor:In formula, " | | | | " indicate away from
From operator, for calculating point at a distance from straight line and putting at a distance from point, n indicates the quantity of sensor, and Δ d indicates sensor
Average headway may be expressed as:
6. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Straight line intersection where straight line where No. 1 sensor arrangement and No. 2 sensor arrangements includes 4 kinds of situations:
(1) No. 1 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors position is overlapped with No. 2 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors positions,
Sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
1 sensor position in (2) No. 1 sensor arrangements and 1 sensor position in No. 2 sensor arrangements
It is overlapped, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
(3) No. 1 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors positions and 1 sensor position weight in No. 2 sensor arrangements
It closes, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor；
1 sensor position and No. 2 sensor arrangement endpoint sensors position weights in (4) No. 1 sensor arrangements
It closes, the sensor at overlapping positions is contact sensor.
7. the sensor placement method for the observation station of earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The cosine value of two sensors arrangement angle is that cos θ is expressed as cos θ=< r1,r2>, in formula, r1Refer to No. 1 sensor row
The unit vector of straight line, r where column2The unit vector of straight line, r where referring to No. 2 sensor arrangements1, r2The north component of vector
It is positive.
8. a kind of sensor cloth of the observation station for earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring using any one of claim 1-7
The sensing system of the observation station of office's method.
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