CN109372511A - A method of utilizing Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land - Google Patents
A method of utilizing Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 gangue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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Abstract
A kind of method using Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land provided by the invention, belong to mining technique, land use and land reclamation technical field, this method comprises: dividing production unit according to the geological conditions of production program and coal mine subsidence land, based on the Knothe function of time, the Dynamic Subsidence isopleth that production unit respectively exploits the period is obtained using probability integration process；According to reclaiming, range divides each filling unit；Successively determine that earth's surface is entirely reclaimed range DtReclaim filling opportunity and it is each filling unit designed elevation of reclaiming；It selects the filling method of Subsidence Area repeatedly to draw yellow filling for multilayer, and determines each Soil exchangeable base；Determine that the multilayer of each filling unit repeatedly draws the number of yellow filling and the loading time interval of two filling units respectively；Determine the thickness of all kinds of soil texture layers；Multilayer is carried out to each filling unit according to the filling parameters of above-mentioned determination and repeatedly draws yellow filling.This method can greatly improve arable land rate and shorten and reclaim the period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique, land use and land reclamation technical fields, in particular to a kind of to utilize the Yellow River mud
The method of husky dynamic filling coal mining subsided land.
Background technique
Coal is the main energy of China, accounts for 70% or so of non-renewable energy consumption.Due to the coal of 90% or more China
Carbon yield mostly uses from pit mining and moves towards the exploitation of longwell whole caving method, and soil is inevitably generated sinking, makes
It is damaged at the depression in a large amount of soils.According to measuring and calculating, depression caused by ten thousand tons of raw coal of underground mining, few 0.033hm2, more reaches
0.533hm2, average 0.2~0.33hm2.It is mostly depression caused by exploitation for the high ground-water level coal field of Eastern China
Pools zone, increasing the later period reclaims difficulty, while also resulting in a large amount of Land destruction, and therefore, the land reclamation in the region is asked
Topic is always the research hotspot of China.
Existing scholar proposes the technology of mining while rehabilitating of subsided land from coal mine, primarily directed to i.e. by the soil of depression in advance into
The pre- work of reclaiming of row, can not only greatly improve arable land recovery rate, but also can shorten the period of reclaiming, increase benefit of reclaiming.
The key of the technology is the determination on the opportunity of reclaiming, range of reclaiming and Reclamation scheme, which is particularly suitable for high ground-water level area
Mining subsidence reclaim.It needs to carry out Subsidence Area when due to reclaiming to be backfilled to designed elevation, but since current China is normal
It is more that the modes of reclaiming such as digging pad deeply is shallow, gangue fills, flyash filling not can solve people from East China
The few contradiction in ground.It is less to dig the cultivated area for padding and shallowly reclaiming deeply, gangue or flyash filling need a large amount of reclaiming material, and
And haul distance is big, economic cost is high, and after filling, some chemical components or heavy metal are to crop growth and product contained by filler
Quality all has an impact, moreover the trade wastes such as gangue, flyash are subject to resource utilization substantially by mining area at present, are not had
Enough gangues or flyash for filling.
In order to solve the problems, such as filler deficiency, existing scholar proposes reference Yellow River mud Reclamation by filling technology, no
It only can rationally utilize yellow river water resources and sediment resource, and being capable of increase arable land, with alleviating people from mining area contradiction to the maximum extent；?
Restore to be advantageous to reduce the Yellow River bed elevation while arable land, improves Benefit of Flood Preventation, be able to solve mud disposal difficulties.But
It is to quote Yellow River mud Reclamation by filling technology to need to comprehensively consider need sand amount when being filled, take husky sediment transport technique, filling row
Water and filling process etc..
To sum up, it in order to make full use of Bian Caibian to answer advantage, and solves the problems, such as native source deficiency, further increases arable land recovery rate
It reclaims the period with shortening, needs a kind of method by Yellow River mud filling technique in conjunction with Bian Caibian complex phase.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, propose that a kind of utilization Yellow River mud dynamic fills
The reclamation method of subsided land from coal mine.The present invention expects the speed and range of exploitation working face surface subsidence using dynamic depression,
By Yellow River mud dynamic Reclamation by filling construction technology, dynamic reclamation is carried out to being likely to occur the coal mine subsidence land that collapses in advance,
Reducing the later period reclaims cost, while also increasing land utilization efficiency, shortens the period of reclaiming, realizes high ground-water level-Plain
Mining area coal mining and land protection.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method using Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land proposed by the present invention, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
1) prediction mining subsidence maximum sinking value and each stage sinking, comprising the following steps:
1-1) according to the geological conditions of production program and coal mine subsidence land, production unit and exploitation are selected to each working face
Time point, be now illustrated by taking single working face as an example, working face opened along the rectangle that direction of extraction is subdivided into several rules
Unit is adopted, each production unit is pressed 1,2 ..., i ..., n is successively numbered, and n is positive integer, and each production unit size width is
15~100m, a length of 100~500m；
It 1-2) is based on the Knothe function of time, the Dynamic Subsidence that production unit respectively exploits the period is obtained using probability integration process
Isopleth；Specific method is described as follows:
Working face uses cartesian coordinate system, if cross goaf inclination principal section in go down the hill to calculate in boundary with bearing
Parallel line is X-axis, and crossing goaf and moving towards line parallel with goaf inclined direction in the left calculating boundary of principal section is Y-axis, with
Bearing is x and y at the coordinate of point w on the arbitrary section at the angle Φ, can derive earth's surface according to the expression formula of subsidence basin
The sinking W of the arbitrary point w of any direction in subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) as shown in expression formula (1):
In formula:
riFor the main radius of influence of any mining level of i-th of production unit, it is calculated according to formula (2), it is single
Position is m；
βiFor the main influence angle of i-th of production unit；
HiFor the seam mining depth of i-th of production unit, unit m；
DiFor the goaf area of i-th of production unit, unit m2；
xi, yiFor arbitrary point w in i-th of production unitiCoordinate, unit m；
WcmFor the maximum sinking value of earth's surface sufficient mining, unit mm；
η, ε are respectively the infinitesimal variable in multiple integral；
f(ti) it is the knothe function of time,tiFor i-th of production unit the estimated exploitation moment with
Time interval between the practical exploitation moment, ciFor the surface subsidence velocity coeffficient of i-th of mining subsidence region production unit, by
Formula (3) determines that v is face propulsion speed in formula (3)；
ci=2.0 × v × tan βi/Hi (3)
Expect that production unit respectively exploits the Dynamic Subsidence value of period respectively by formula (1), and it is every to draw each production unit respectively
The estimated Dynamic Subsidence isopleth of a exploitation period；
2) determine Reclamation by filling range: underground mining unit is the rectangle of rule, and the corresponding earth's surface of each production unit is heavy
Falling into range area is irregular ellipse, using the endpoint of elliptical major and minor axis as the center of circle, riFor radius, then by major and minor axis endpoint
According to radius riThe point of extension is connected with rectangle, and being formed by range is earth's surface biggest impact caused by i-th of production unit
Range, by each production unit i with the boundary rectangle of biggest impact range be corresponding production unit earth's surface Reclamation by filling range
Dti；By the range Dt that respectively reclaimsiMultiple filling units are respectively divided into according to direction of extraction, each size width for filling unit is 25~
All filling units are pressed 1,2 ... by 35m, a length of 100~500m, and j ..., m is successively numbered, and m is positive integer；
3) determine that earth's surface is entirely reclaimed range DtReclaim and fill opportunity T0: it is determined according to region hydrogeologic map latent
Water level is hIt is latent *, then according to formula (1), enable W (x, y, t)=hIt is latent *, calculated t is entirely reclaimed range D as earth's surfacet's
It reclaims and fills opportunity T0；
4) the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unit is determinedi*: ground settlement degree in progress of coal mining under base area,
The designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unit is determined in conjunction with the actual topography and geomorphology of earth's surface and land use classesi *；
5) filling method of Subsidence Area is selected repeatedly to draw yellow filling for multilayer；According to the soil of cubsoil and surface soil to be filled
Thickness and coal mine subsidence land maximum soil stripping thickness, determine the soil stripping of coal mine subsidence land with a thickness of 0.5~1m, wherein table
Native cover thickness is 0.2~0.5m, and cubsoil cover thickness is 0~0.8m；Fill Soil exchangeable base from top to bottom are as follows: silt
Layer-subsoil-silt layer-subsoil ... silt layer-subsoil-topsoil；
6) determine that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws the number K of yellow filling according to formula (4)~(5)jIt is filled with front and back two
The loading time interval T of unitj, calculation formula is distinguished as follows:
Calculate the number K that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws yellow fillingjFormula it is as follows:
In formula, Hj_bTo fill the remaining depth to be filled of unit j, unit m after the completion of the b times filling；Wmax_j_b-1For
Maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j calculated according to formula (1) after the completion of the b-1 times filling, unit m, formula (1) can
Calculate earth's surface arbitrary point sinking, therefore Wmax_j_b-1It can be calculated by formula (1)；S is sediment transport through pipeline concentration, unit kg/
m3；ρsFor silt density, unit kg/m3；WhenI.e. filling unit is fills up to determination when reclaiming designed elevation
Filling number b is the slicing and filling silt number K for filling unit jj, Kj=2~4；
Calculate the filling opportunity T of each filling unitjFormula are as follows:
Tj=Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5 (5)
In formula, TjFor front and back fill unit between loading time interval, as filling unit j filling overall process when
Between；Tj1-Tj5It is followed successively by the sequence loading time of filling unit j, Tj1Time for filling unit j by hydraulic silting when full, Tj2For
Quiescent sedimentation time of the silt in band, Tj3To arrange bright water time, Tj4To fill supersaturated silt discharging consolidation time, Tj5
For cubsoil backfill, smooth, compacting time；
7) all kinds of soil texture thickness degree are determined are as follows: 0.2~0.5m of surface soil thickness, 0.1~0.4m of each subsoil thickness,
0.2~1m of each mud burial depth, mud burial depth is according to each filling unit slicing and filling silt number KjIt determines；
8) multilayer is carried out to each filling unit according to the filling parameters of above-mentioned determination and repeatedly draws yellow filling, first carry out silt layer
Filling and cubsoil backfill, then carry out surface soil backfill, the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling of repeated filling silt layer and cubsoil are successively carried out according to the filling Soil exchangeable base that step 5) is set
Layer backfill: filling using multilayer repeatedly every band staggeredly fill by the way of, first filling odd-numbered filling unit as one group, then
The filling unit of even-numbered is filled as another group, or opposite；When filling first since the first filling unit currently organized
The filling that Yellow River mud is carried out along coal seam direction fills the mud burial depth 0.2-1m that unit reaches setting when this first
Afterwards, then to second filling unit in current group silt filling is carried out, so carried out, until the last one filling in current group
Unit fills silt layer to setting thickness；Then successively each filling unit in another group is carried out respectively according to identical step
The filling of silt layer；After each filling unit completes the filling silt work of current layer, when keeping 1-3 days sediment depositions respectively
Between, it is then successively smooth to being carried out after the current silt layer progress discharging consolidation of each filling unit, it is simultaneously appropriate to backfill part cubsoil
Compacting, constructs the subsoil of one layer of about 0.1-0.4m thickness respectively, so far completes one layer of silt layer filling and cubsoil backfill；It presses again
The filling of next layer of silt layer and the backfill of subsoil in each filling unit j are carried out according to identical mode, until completing each filling
The backfill of the filling of the last layer silt layer and subsoil in unit；The last layer silt is completed to filling units all in same group
After the backfill of layer and subsoil, the backfill that filling units all in the group carry out surface soil respectively is covered and smooth；
After 8-2) all yellow filling is drawn in the completion of filling unit after coal mine subsidence land, carry out that surface soil is smooth, compacting together.
The features of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The reclamation measures for the coal-mining subsidence problem that the method for the present invention is not sunk surely by analysis introduce the mud of the Yellow River bottom sediment
Sand is filled, and is optimized to Reclamation by filling technique, is proposed and is drawn Yellow River mud dynamic Reclamation by filling method, can not only close
Reason utilizes yellow river water resources and sediment resource, and increase arable land, shortening can reclaim the period to the maximum extent, with alleviating people from mining area lance
Shield is substantially soil conservation, the Reclamation Technique for protecting ground.It finally both improves and restores soil rate, reduce cost of reclaiming, while also improving
Economic benefit after reclaiming realizes that ecological benefits maximize.Specific manifestation are as follows:
(1) increase substantially arable land rate: traditional Bian Caibian answers Reclamation Technique second ploughing rate 40% or so, with traditional Bian Caibian
Recovering technology is compared, and Yellow River mud filling technique is introduced on the basis of Bian Caibian is multiple can realize 100% land reclamation, the present invention
The cultivated area recovery rate of embodiment can increase substantially arable land rate up to 95.12% or more.
(2) substantially reduce the period of reclaiming: technology of mining while rehabilitating, which can be realized, reclaims in advance to the dynamic of coal mine subsidence land, will answer
Time advance is cultivated, and draws yellow filling and be layered repeatedly alternately filling, consolidating after can use the filling smooth compacting of unit
The knot time carries out the filling operation of next filling unit, and the two combines and substantially reduces the period of reclaiming.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the corresponding schematic diagram of single working face underground mining unit and range of reclaiming on the ground in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the division schematic diagram of single working face earth's surface filling unit in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method using Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land that the method for the present invention proposes, in conjunction with attached drawing and reality
Applying example, detailed description are as follows:
Method of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
1) prediction mining subsidence maximum sinking value and each stage sinking, comprising the following steps:
1-1) according to the geological conditions of production program and coal mine subsidence land, production unit and exploitation are selected to each working face
Time point, be now illustrated by taking single working face as an example, since the depression value of each point is different, for convenience of each period to working face
Different location carry out Reclamation by filling, therefore working face is subdivided into the rectangle production unit of several rules along direction of extraction,
By each production unit press 1,2 ..., i ..., n is successively numbered, and n is positive integer, each production unit size width be 15~
100m, a length of 100~500m, referring to Fig. 1.
It 1-2) is based on the Knothe function of time, the Dynamic Subsidence that production unit respectively exploits the period is obtained using probability integration process
Isopleth；Specific method is described as follows:
Working face use ordinary Cartesian coordinate system, if cross goaf inclination principal section in go down the hill to calculate in boundary with coal seam
The line for moving towards parallel is X-axis, and crossing goaf and moving towards line parallel with goaf inclined direction in the left calculating boundary of principal section is Y
Axis, with bearing at point w on the arbitrary section at the angle Φ coordinate be x and y, can be derived according to the expression formula of subsidence basin
The sinking W of the arbitrary point w of any direction in surface subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) as shown in expression formula (1):
In formula:
riFor the main radius of influence of any mining level of i-th of production unit, can be calculated according to formula (2), it is single
Position is m；
βiFor the main influence angle of i-th of production unit, for same working face, this mainly influence angle variation compared with
It is small, can approximation regard as constant, therefore each production unit mainly influences angle tangent tan βiIt is believed that equal；
HiFor the seam mining depth of i-th of production unit, unit m；
DiFor the goaf area of i-th of production unit, unit m2；
xi, yiFor arbitrary point w in i-th of production unitiCoordinate, unit m；
WcmFor the maximum sinking value of earth's surface sufficient mining, unit mm is usually obtained by observation station data, is known
Value；
η, ε are respectively the infinitesimal variable in multiple integral；
f(ti) it is the knothe function of time,tiEstimated exploitation moment and reality for i-th production unit
Exploit the time interval between the moment, c in borderiFor the surface subsidence velocity coeffficient of i-th of mining subsidence region production unit, generally
It is determined by formula (3), v is face propulsion speed in formula (3)；
ci=2.0 × v × tan βi/Hi (3)
Expect that production unit respectively exploits the Dynamic Subsidence value of period respectively by formula (1), and it is every to draw each production unit respectively
The estimated Dynamic Subsidence isopleth of a exploitation period.
2) determine Reclamation by filling range: working face mining unit i is to be imbedded in the working face of coal seam of underground corresponding to open
Unit is adopted, due to reclaiming work for ground after collapsing, the determination of underground-ground correspondence range is especially
It is important.As shown in Figure 1, underground mining unit is the rectangle of rule, the corresponding subsidence range area of each production unit is
Irregular ellipse, using the endpoint of elliptical major and minor axis as the center of circle, riFor radius, then by major and minor axis endpoint according to radius riProlong
The point stretched is connected with rectangle, and being formed by range is earth's surface biggest impact range caused by i-th of production unit, for convenience of multiple
The calculating of project amount and the removing of surface soil are cultivated, each production unit i is single for corresponding exploitation with the boundary rectangle of biggest impact range
The earth's surface Reclamation by filling range Dt of memberi.By the range Dt that respectively reclaimsiMultiple filling units are respectively divided into according to direction of extraction, are filled
The size width of unit is 25~35m, a length of 100~500m, all filling units is pressed 1,2 ..., j ..., m is successively compiled
Number, m is positive integer, referring to fig. 2, the corresponding relationship of range of reclaiming and production unit referring to Fig. 1, in figure a~h be respectively exploit it is single
Subsidence curve corresponding to member.
3) determine that earth's surface is entirely reclaimed range DtReclaim and fill opportunity T0: it in depression large area to accumulate under normal circumstances
It constructs before water, to reduce the difficulty and expense of engineering construction, and does not influence the removing protection of surface soil.Due to work of reclaiming
Often for the purpose of Soil Reconstruction, using topsoil stripping as means, in most cases, the opportunity of land reclamation is considered
It is the opportunity of topsoil stripping.The groundwater level in high ground-water level area is generally 3-5m, true according to region hydrogeologic map
Determining phreatic table is hIt is latent *(for definite value known to one) enables W (x, y, t)=h then according to formula (1)It is latent *(as sinking WiReach diving
Should just start to reclaim when position, or reclaim in advance), calculated t is entirely reclaimed range D as earth's surfacetAnswer
Cultivate filling opportunity T0。
4) the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unit is determinedj *: designed elevation of reclaiming is close for the determination of subsequent number of reclaiming
Cut phase is closed.Ground settlement degree in progress of coal mining under base area, in conjunction with the actual topography and geomorphology of earth's surface and land use point
Class determines the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unitj *.It reclaims designed elevation, refers to after taking reclamation measures to filling area, to ground
Lower coal full extraction terminates surely to sink to ground, and absolute altitude to be achieved is finally thought in filling area, is the final goal of filling area of reclaiming.
5) filling method of Subsidence Area is selected repeatedly to draw yellow filling for multilayer；According to the soil of cubsoil and surface soil to be filled
Thickness and coal mine subsidence land maximum soil stripping thickness (0~0.5m), determine the soil stripping of coal mine subsidence land with a thickness of 0.5~
1m, wherein for topsoil stripping with a thickness of 0.2~0.5m, cubsoil cover thickness is 0~0.8m；Fill Soil exchangeable base from top to bottom
Are as follows: silt layer-subsoil-silt layer-subsoil ... silt layer-subsoil-topsoil.
6) determine that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws the number K of yellow filling according to formula (4)~(5)jIt is filled with front and back two
The loading time interval T of unitj, calculation formula is distinguished as follows:
Calculate the number K that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws yellow fillingjFormula it is as follows:
In formula, Hj_bTo fill the remaining depth to be filled of unit j, unit m after the completion of the b times filling；Wmax_j_b-1For
Maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j calculated according to formula (1) after the completion of the b-1 times filling, unit m, formula (1) can
Calculate earth's surface arbitrary point sinking, therefore Wmax_j_b-1It can be calculated by formula (1)；S is sediment transport through pipeline concentration, unit kg/
m3；ρsFor silt density, unit kg/m3；WhenI.e. filling unit is fills up to determination when reclaiming designed elevation
Filling number b is the slicing and filling silt number K for filling unit jj, Kj=2~4；
Calculate the filling opportunity T of each filling unitjFormula are as follows:
Tj=Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5 (5)
In formula, TjFor front and back fill unit between loading time interval, as filling unit j filling overall process when
Between；Tj1-Tj5It is followed successively by the sequence loading time of filling unit j, Tj1Time for filling unit j by hydraulic silting when full, Tj2For
Quiescent sedimentation time of the silt in band, Tj3To arrange bright water time, Tj4To fill supersaturated silt discharging consolidation time, Tj5
For cubsoil backfill, smooth, compacting time；Wherein, Tj1As Yellow River mud fills full time, T for unit is filledj3As will
Time used, T is all discharged in sedimentation waterj2And Tj4Determine and need according to water sand average flow velocity, band mean depth peace
The hydraulicss relevant knowledges such as the equal depth of water, and combine the damage of earth's surface caused by mining subsidence degree (including slight, moderate and severe)
It determines.In Reclamation by filling opportunity T0Shi Jinhang fills the surface soil of unit 1 and the removing of cubsoil, and silt is carried out after the completion of stripping operation
Filling, as T1At the beginning of.
7) all kinds of soil texture thickness degree are determined are as follows: 0.2~0.5m of surface soil thickness, 0.1~0.4m of each subsoil thickness,
0.2~1m of each mud burial depth, mud burial depth is according to each filling unit slicing and filling silt number KjIt determines.Due to surface soil
It is limited with cubsoil overburden amount, therefore it is required that silt fills Kj=2~4, it, can when depression depth needs to fill number greater than 4 times
To increase depth of fill in the filling of first time silt, it is no more than 4 times with the silt filling number after ensuring, it is right therewith
It answers, cubsoil degree of covering is also no more than 4 times.
8) multilayer is carried out to each filling unit according to the filling parameters of above-mentioned determination and repeatedly draws yellow filling, first carry out silt layer
Filling and cubsoil backfill, then carry out surface soil backfill, the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling of repeated filling silt layer and cubsoil are successively carried out according to the filling Soil exchangeable base that step 5) is set
Layer backfill: filling using multilayer repeatedly every band staggeredly fill by the way of, first filling odd-numbered filling unit as one group, then
The filling unit of even-numbered is filled as another group, or opposite (the filling unit of even-numbered is first filled as one group, then
The filling unit of odd-numbered is filled as another group)；The present embodiment is first opened from the first filling unit 1 currently organized when filling
The filling begun along coal seam direction progress Yellow River mud fills the mud burial depth 0.2- that unit 1 reaches setting when this first
After 1m, then silt filling is carried out to second filling unit 3 in current group, so carried out, until the last one in current group
Unit filling silt layer is filled to thickness is set, then successively each filling unit in another group is distinguished according to identical step
Carry out the filling of silt layer；After each filling unit completes the filling silt work of current layer, 1-3 days sediment depositions are kept respectively
It is time, then successively smooth to being carried out after the current silt layer progress discharging consolidation of each filling unit, it backfills part cubsoil and simultaneously fits
Work as compacting, construct the subsoil of one layer of about 0.1-0.4m thickness respectively, so far completes one layer of silt layer filling and cubsoil backfill；Again
The filling of next layer of silt layer and the backfill of subsoil in each filling unit j are carried out in the same fashion, until completing respectively to fill
Fill out the backfill of the filling of the last layer silt layer and subsoil in unit；The last layer mud is completed to filling units all in same group
After the backfill of sand bed and subsoil, the backfill that filling units all in the group carry out surface soil respectively is covered and smooth.
After 8-2) all yellow filling is drawn in the completion of filling unit after coal mine subsidence land, carry out that surface soil is smooth, compacting together.
The following are the embodiment of the present invention:
The present embodiment is a certain high underground water mining area in Shandong, and seam inclination is 3 °, coal seam average thickness 9.0m, buried depth
800m；Underground water buried depth about 2.0m or so, the ground line gradient overwhelming majority are between 0~2 °.Working face having a size of 200 × 1800m,
The working face mining time is 1 year ,+43.0~+44.50m of earth's surface nature absolute altitude.
The present embodiment is specifically comprised the following steps: by the method using Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land
1) prediction mining subsidence maximum sinking value and each stage sinking, comprising the following steps:
1-1) according to the geological conditions of production program and coal mine subsidence land, production unit and exploitation are selected to each working face
Time point, be now illustrated by taking single working face as an example, since the depression value of each point is different, for convenience of each period to working face
Different location carry out Reclamation by filling, therefore working face is subdivided into the rectangle production unit of several rules along direction of extraction,
By each production unit press 1,2 ..., i ..., n is successively numbered, and n is positive integer, each production unit size width be 15~
100m, a length of 100~500m, referring to Fig. 1.According to embodiment working face size, production unit size width is 100m, a length of
200m, n=18.
It 1-2) is based on the Knothe function of time, the Dynamic Subsidence that production unit respectively exploits the period is obtained using probability integration process
Isopleth；Specific method is described as follows:
Working face use ordinary Cartesian coordinate system, if cross goaf inclination principal section in go down the hill to calculate in boundary with coal seam
The line for moving towards parallel is X-axis, and crossing goaf and moving towards line parallel with goaf inclined direction in the left calculating boundary of principal section is Y
Axis, with bearing at point w on the arbitrary section at the angle Φ coordinate be x and y, can be derived according to the expression formula of subsidence basin
The sinking W of the arbitrary point w of any direction in surface subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) as shown in expression formula (1):
In formula:
riFor the main radius of influence of any mining level of i-th of production unit, can be calculated according to formula (2), it is single
Position is m；
βiFor the main influence angle of i-th of production unit, for same working face, this mainly influence angle variation compared with
It is small, can approximation regard as constant, therefore each production unit mainly influences angle tangent tan βiIt is believed that equal；
HiFor the seam mining depth of i-th of production unit, unit m；
DiFor the goaf area of i-th of production unit, unit m2；
xi, yiFor arbitrary point w in i-th of production unitiCoordinate, unit m；
WcmFor the maximum sinking value of earth's surface sufficient mining, unit mm is usually obtained by observation station data, is known
Value；
η, ε are respectively the infinitesimal variable in multiple integral；
f(ti) it is the knothe function of time,tiEstimated exploitation moment and reality for i-th production unit
Exploit the time interval between the moment, c in borderiFor the surface subsidence velocity coeffficient of i-th of mining subsidence region production unit, generally
It is determined by formula (3), v is face propulsion speed in formula (3)；
ci=2.0 × v × tan βi/Hi (3)
Expect that production unit respectively exploits the Dynamic Subsidence value of period respectively by formula (1), and it is every to draw each production unit respectively
The estimated Dynamic Subsidence isopleth of a exploitation period.
In the present embodiment, it is 62 ° that working face, which mainly influences angle, and the main angle that influences just is cut to 1.9, and face propulsion speed is
The goaf area of 4.7m/d, production unit i are Di=0.02km2, final steady heavy rear depression value, the area in maximum goaf
For ∑ Di=0.36km2。
2) determine Reclamation by filling range: working face mining unit i is to be imbedded in the working face of coal seam of underground corresponding to open
Unit is adopted, due to reclaiming work for ground after collapsing, the determination of underground-ground correspondence range is especially
It is important.As shown in Fig. 2, underground mining unit is the rectangle of rule, the corresponding subsidence range area of each production unit is
Irregular ellipse, using the endpoint of elliptical major and minor axis as the center of circle, riFor radius, then by major and minor axis endpoint according to radius riProlong
The point stretched is connected with rectangle, and being formed by range is earth's surface biggest impact range caused by i-th of production unit, for convenience of multiple
The calculating of project amount and the removing of surface soil are cultivated, each production unit i is single for corresponding exploitation with the boundary rectangle of biggest impact range
The earth's surface Reclamation by filling range Dt of memberi.The range that will reclaim DtiMultiple filling units are respectively divided into according to direction of extraction, filling is single
The size width of member is 25~35m, a length of 100~500m, all filling units is pressed 1,2 ..., j ..., m is successively numbered, m
For positive integer, referring to fig. 2.In the present embodiment, filling unit size is long 200m, wide 50m.The maximum subsidence of production unit 1 is deep
Degree is 1.2m, r10=1.2/1.9=0.63m, then Dt1=(200+0.63 × 2) (100+0.63 × 2)=0.020km2。
3) determine that earth's surface is entirely reclaimed range DtReclaim and fill opportunity T0: it in depression large area to accumulate under normal circumstances
It constructs before water, to reduce the difficulty and expense of engineering construction, and does not influence the removing protection of surface soil.Due to work of reclaiming
Often for the purpose of Soil Reconstruction, using topsoil stripping as means, in most cases, the opportunity of land reclamation is considered
It is the opportunity of topsoil stripping.The groundwater level in high ground-water level area is generally 3-5m, true according to region hydrogeologic map
Determining phreatic table is hIt is latent *(for definite value known to one) enables W (x, y, t)=h then according to formula (1)It is latent *(as sinking WiReach diving
Should just start to reclaim when position, or reclaim in advance), calculated t is entirely reclaimed range D as earth's surfacetAnswer
Cultivate filling opportunity T0.In the present embodiment, diving bit depth is 3m, according to formula (1), can inverse go out the opportunity T that reclaims0=52 days.I.e.
Start after exploitation carries out 52 days to the range D that reclaimst1The removing of surface soil and cubsoil is carried out, silt then is carried out to filling unit 1
Filling fills unit 5 successively to filling unit 3, and filling unit 7 is filled, after odd number fills unit all sand ofves, into
The filling of row even number filling unit.
4) the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unit is determinedj *: designed elevation of reclaiming is close for the determination of subsequent number of reclaiming
Cut phase is closed.Ground settlement degree in progress of coal mining under base area, in conjunction with the actual topography and geomorphology of earth's surface and land use point
Class determines the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unitj *.It reclaims designed elevation, refers to after taking reclamation measures to filling area, to ground
Lower coal full extraction terminates surely to sink to ground, and absolute altitude to be achieved is finally thought in filling area, is the final goal of filling area of reclaiming.
In the present embodiment, horizontal absolute altitude is+43.0-44.50m, therefore taking 44.50m is designed elevation, i.e. Hj *=44.50.
5) filling method of Subsidence Area is selected repeatedly to draw yellow filling for multilayer；According to the soil of cubsoil and surface soil to be filled
Thickness and coal mine subsidence land maximum soil stripping thickness (0~0.5m), determine the soil stripping of coal mine subsidence land with a thickness of 0.5~
1m, wherein for topsoil stripping with a thickness of 0.2~0.5m, cubsoil cover thickness is 0~0.8m；Fill Soil exchangeable base from top to bottom
Are as follows: silt layer-subsoil-silt layer-subsoil ... silt layer-subsoil-topsoil.
6) determine that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws the number K of yellow filling according to formula (4)~(5)jIt is filled with front and back two
The loading time interval T of unitj, calculation formula is distinguished as follows:
Calculate the number K that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws yellow fillingjFormula it is as follows:
In formula, Hj_bTo fill the remaining depth to be filled of unit j, unit m after the completion of the b times filling；Wmax_j_b-1For
Maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j calculated according to formula (1) after the completion of the b-1 times filling, unit m；S is that pipeline is defeated
Husky concentration, unit kg/m3；ρsFor silt density, unit kg/m3；WhenI.e. filling unit, which is fills up to, reclaims
The filling number b determined when designed elevation is the slicing and filling silt number K for filling unit jj, Kj=2~4；
Calculate the filling opportunity T of each filling unitjFormula are as follows:
Tj=Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5 (5)
In formula, TjFor front and back fill unit between loading time interval, as filling unit j filling overall process when
Between；Tj1-Tj5It is followed successively by the sequence loading time of filling unit j, Tj1Time for filling unit j by hydraulic silting when full, Tj2For
Quiescent sedimentation time of the silt in band, Tj3To arrange bright water time, Tj4To fill supersaturated silt discharging consolidation time, Tj5
For cubsoil backfill, smooth, compacting time；Wherein, Tj1As Yellow River mud fills full time, T for unit is filledj3As will
Time used, T is all discharged in sedimentation waterj2And Tj4Determine and need according to water sand average flow velocity, band mean depth peace
The hydraulicss relevant knowledges such as the equal depth of water, and combine the damage of earth's surface caused by mining subsidence degree (including slight, moderate and severe)
It determines.In Reclamation by filling opportunity T0Shi Jinhang fills the surface soil of unit 1 and the removing of cubsoil, and silt is carried out after the completion of stripping operation
Filling, as T1At the beginning of.
7) all kinds of soil texture thickness degree are determined are as follows: 0.2~0.5m of surface soil thickness, 0.1~0.4m of each subsoil thickness,
0.2~1m of each mud burial depth, mud burial depth is according to each filling unit slicing and filling silt number KjIt determines.Due to surface soil
It is limited with cubsoil overburden amount, therefore it is required that silt fills Kj=2~4, it, can when depression depth needs to fill number greater than 4 times
To increase depth of fill in the filling of first time silt, it is no more than 4 times with the silt filling number after ensuring, it is right therewith
It answers, cubsoil degree of covering is also no more than 4 times.
8) multilayer is carried out to each filling unit according to the filling parameters of above-mentioned determination and repeatedly draws yellow filling, first carry out silt layer
Filling and cubsoil backfill, then carry out surface soil backfill, the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling of repeated filling silt layer and cubsoil are successively carried out according to the filling Soil exchangeable base that step 5) is set
Layer backfill: filling using multilayer repeatedly every band staggeredly fill by the way of, first filling odd-numbered filling unit as one group, then
The filling unit of even-numbered is filled as another group；When the present embodiment fills first since filling unit 1 along coal seam direction
The filling of Yellow River mud is carried out, after this first filling unit 1 reaches the mud burial depth 0.2-1m of setting, then to current
Second filling unit 3 carries out silt filling in group, so carries out, until the last one filling unit fills mud in current group
Then sand bed is successively distinguished each filling unit in another group in this group filling unit according to identical step to thickness is set
Carry out the filling of silt layer；After each filling unit completes the filling silt work of current layer, 1-3 days sediment depositions are kept respectively
It is time, then successively smooth to being carried out after the current silt layer progress discharging consolidation of each filling unit, it backfills part cubsoil and simultaneously fits
Work as compacting, construct the subsoil of one layer of about 0.1-0.4m thickness respectively, so far completes one layer of silt layer filling and cubsoil backfill；Again
The filling of next layer of silt layer and the backfill of subsoil in each filling unit j are carried out in the same fashion, until completing respectively to fill
Fill out the backfill of the filling of the last layer silt layer and subsoil in unit；The last layer mud is completed to filling units all in same group
After the backfill of sand bed and subsoil, the backfill that filling units all in the group carry out surface soil respectively is covered and smooth.
After 8-2) all yellow filling is drawn in the completion of filling unit after coal mine subsidence land, carry out that surface soil is smooth, compacting together.
In the present embodiment, filling unit depth is 1.2m, is 500kg/m according to sediment transport through pipeline concentration3It calculates, H1=1.2m,
S=500, ρs=2.65, it is calculated according to formula (6) it is found that silt is averaged deposition thickness (W after the completion of filling for the first timemax_1-1×
S)/ρsFor 0.266m, along with backfill subsoil is with a thickness of 0.1m, remaining stripe depth is 0.834m.Second of filling is completed
Silt is averaged deposition thickness as 0.157m afterwards, and remaining stripe depth is 0.577m.Silt averagely deposits after the completion of third time fills
With a thickness of 0.109m, along with backfill subsoil is with a thickness of 0.1m, remaining stripe depth is 0.368m.After the completion of third time fills
The surface soil backfill for carrying out 0.368m, is backfilled to designed elevation.It is backfilled according still further to the sequence of surface soil after first cubsoil by soil is removed,
Reach design filling absolute altitude.Therefore, 3 hydraulic siltings are needed altogether, and 3 backfill subsoils are needed in stowing operation, are finally covered again
The surface soil of lid about 0.368m thickness can be only achieved designed elevation.After carrying out Reclamation by filling to Subsidence Area in this way, restore arable land
Rate is up to 95.12% or more.
In the case where water sand initial flow rate is 0.4m/s, T1=3.97h, T2=147.46h, T3=29.46h, T4=
78.17d T5=2d, therefore fill delay time T=87.71d.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method using Yellow River mud dynamic filling coal mining subsided land, which comprises the following steps:
1) prediction mining subsidence maximum sinking value and each stage sinking, comprising the following steps:
1-1) according to the geological conditions of production program and coal mine subsidence land, to each working face select production unit and exploitation when
Point is now illustrated by taking single working face as an example, and working face is exploited list along the rectangle that direction of extraction is subdivided into several rules
Member, by each production unit press 1,2 ..., i ..., n is successively numbered, and n is positive integer, each production unit size width be 15~
100m, a length of 100~500m；
It 1-2) is based on the Knothe function of time, the Dynamic Subsidence equivalence that production unit respectively exploits the period is obtained using probability integration process
Line；Specific method is described as follows:
Working face uses cartesian coordinate system, if going down the hill to calculate in goaf inclination principal section excessively parallel with bearing in boundary
Line be X-axis, cross goaf move towards principal section it is left to calculate the line parallel with goaf inclined direction in boundary be Y-axis, with coal seam
The coordinate for moving towards into point w on the arbitrary section at the angle Φ is x and y, can derive surface subsidence according to the expression formula of subsidence basin
The sinking W of the arbitrary point w of any direction in basini(xi,yi,ti) as shown in expression formula (1):
In formula:
riFor the main radius of influence of any mining level of i-th of production unit, it is calculated according to formula (2), unit m；
βiFor the main influence angle of i-th of production unit；
HiFor the seam mining depth of i-th of production unit, unit m；
DiFor the goaf area of i-th of production unit, unit m2；
xi, yiFor arbitrary point w in i-th of production unitiCoordinate, unit m；
WcmFor the maximum sinking value of earth's surface sufficient mining, unit mm；
η, ε are respectively the infinitesimal variable in multiple integral；
f(ti) it is the knothe function of time,tiFor the estimated exploitation moment of i-th of production unit with actually open
Adopt the time interval between the moment, ciFor the surface subsidence velocity coeffficient of i-th of mining subsidence region production unit, by formula
(3) it determines, v is face propulsion speed in formula (3)；
ci=2.0 × v × tan βi/Hi (3)
By formula (1), estimated production unit respectively exploits the Dynamic Subsidence value of period respectively, and draws each production unit respectively and each open
Adopt the estimated Dynamic Subsidence isopleth of period；
2) determine Reclamation by filling range: underground mining unit is the rectangle of rule, the corresponding subsidence model of each production unit
Envelope surface product is irregular ellipse, using the endpoint of elliptical major and minor axis as the center of circle, riFor radius, then by major and minor axis endpoint according to
Radius riThe point of extension is connected with rectangle, and being formed by range is earth's surface biggest impact range caused by i-th of production unit,
By each production unit i with the boundary rectangle of biggest impact range be corresponding production unit earth's surface Reclamation by filling range Dti；It will be each
Range of reclaiming DtiMultiple filling units are respectively divided into according to direction of extraction, each size width for filling unit is 25~35m, length
For 100~500m, all filling units are pressed 1,2 ..., j ..., m is successively numbered, and m is positive integer；
3) determine that earth's surface is entirely reclaimed range DtReclaim and fill opportunity T0: phreatic table is determined according to region hydrogeologic map
For hIt is latent *, then according to formula (1), enable W (x, y, t)=hIt is latent *, calculated t is entirely reclaimed range D as earth's surfacetReclaim
Filling opportunity T0；
4) the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling unit is determinedi *: ground settlement degree in progress of coal mining under base area, in conjunction with
The actual topography and geomorphology of earth's surface and land use classes determine the designed elevation H that reclaims of each filling uniti *；
5) filling method of Subsidence Area is selected repeatedly to draw yellow filling for multilayer；According to the thickness of soil of cubsoil and surface soil to be filled
With coal mine subsidence land maximum soil stripping thickness, the soil stripping of coal mine subsidence land is determined with a thickness of 0.5~1m, wherein surface soil is shelled
From with a thickness of 0.2~0.5m, cubsoil cover thickness is 0~0.8m；Fill Soil exchangeable base from top to bottom are as follows: the silt layer-heart
Soil layer-silt layer-subsoil ... silt layer-subsoil-topsoil；
6) determine that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws the number K of yellow filling according to formula (4)~(5)jUnit is filled with front and back two
Loading time interval Tj, calculation formula is distinguished as follows:
Calculate the number K that each filling unit multi-layer repeatedly draws yellow fillingjFormula it is as follows:
In formula, Hj_bTo fill the remaining depth to be filled of unit j, unit m after the completion of the b times filling；Wmax_j_b-1According to
Maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j that formula (1) calculates after the completion of the b-1 times filling, unit m, formula (1) can calculate
Earth's surface arbitrary point sinking, therefore Wmax_j_b-1It can be calculated by formula (1)；S is sediment transport through pipeline concentration, unit kg/m3；ρs
For silt density, unit kg/m3；WhenThat is filling unit is fills up to the filling determined when reclaiming designed elevation
Number b is the slicing and filling silt number K for filling unit jj, Kj=2~4；
Calculate the filling opportunity T of each filling unitjFormula are as follows:
Tj=Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5 (5)
In formula, TjThe loading time interval between unit, the as time of filling unit j filling overall process are filled for front and back；Tj1-
Tj5It is followed successively by the sequence loading time of filling unit j, Tj1Time for filling unit j by hydraulic silting when full, Tj2Exist for silt
Quiescent sedimentation time in band, Tj3To arrange bright water time, Tj4To fill supersaturated silt discharging consolidation time, Tj5For cubsoil
Backfill, smooth, compacting time；
7) all kinds of soil texture thickness degree are determined are as follows: 0.2~0.5m of surface soil thickness, each subsoil thickness 0.1~0.4m, it is each
Mud 0.2~1m of burial depth, mud burial depth is according to each filling unit slicing and filling silt number KjIt determines；
8) multilayer is carried out to each filling unit according to the filling parameters of above-mentioned determination and repeatedly draws yellow filling, first carry out the filling of silt layer
It is backfilled with cubsoil, then carries out surface soil backfill, the specific steps are as follows:
The filling of repeated filling silt layer successively 8-1) is carried out according to the filling Soil exchangeable base that step 5) is set and subsoil returns
Fill out: filling using multilayer repeatedly every band staggeredly fill by the way of, first fill odd-numbered filling unit as one group, refill
The filling unit of even-numbered is or opposite as another group；When filling first since the first filling unit currently organized along
Coal seam direction carries out the filling of Yellow River mud, after this first filling unit reaches the mud burial depth 0.2-1m of setting, then
Silt filling is carried out to second filling unit in current group, is so carried out, until the last one filling unit in current group
Filling silt layer is to setting thickness；Then silt is successively carried out respectively to each filling unit in another group according to identical step
Layer filling；After each filling unit completes the filling silt work of current layer, 1-3 days sediment deposition time is kept respectively, so
Smooth, backfill part cubsoil and appropriate compacting are carried out after successively carrying out discharging consolidation to the current silt layer of each filling unit afterwards,
The subsoil for constructing one layer of about 0.1-0.4m thickness respectively so far completes one layer of silt layer filling and cubsoil backfill；According still further to phase
With mode carry out the filling of next layer of silt layer and the backfill of subsoil in each filling unit j, until completing each filling unit
The filling of middle the last layer silt layer and the backfill of subsoil；To filling units all in same group complete the last layer silt layer and
After the backfill of subsoil, the backfill that filling units all in the group carry out surface soil respectively is covered and smooth；
After 8-2) all yellow filling is drawn in the completion of filling unit after coal mine subsidence land, carry out that surface soil is smooth, compacting together.
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| CN114595544A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-07 | 西南石油大学 | Comprehensive safety evaluation method for buried pipeline in coal mine goaf |
| CN114595544B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-11-11 | 中国海洋大学 | A comprehensive safety evaluation method for buried pipelines in goafs of coal mines |
| CN115341903A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Underground coal mining design method for coordinated development of coal mining and cultivated land protection |
| CN118088194A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-05-28 | 通用技术集团工程设计有限公司 | Pre-repair construction and acceptance method for dynamic coal mining subsidence area |
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