CN109371275A - A kind of preparation method of flexible particle reinforced metal matrix composite material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of flexible particle reinforced metal matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109371275A CN109371275A CN201811563360.7A CN201811563360A CN109371275A CN 109371275 A CN109371275 A CN 109371275A CN 201811563360 A CN201811563360 A CN 201811563360A CN 109371275 A CN109371275 A CN 109371275A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910003407 AlSi10Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
一种柔性颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备方法，它涉及金属基复合材料制备发方法。本发明旨在针对高性能金属基复合材料复杂结构零件的增强相的选取及制备中出现的问题，本发明的增强相选用柔性颗粒(钨、铌、钽、钒、锆等单质金属以及金属化合物)，金属基体为铝、钛、镍、铁、铜、镁等纯金属或者合金中的一种或多种。在金属基复合材料制备中，柔性颗粒表面与金属基体发生反应，使二者较好的结合；柔性颗粒在熔池中作为形核质点，有利于进一步细化晶粒尺寸；同时，柔性颗粒具有较好的韧性，在金属基体中均匀分布，可有效承受外部载荷及参与塑性变形，显著提高材料强度的同时进一步提升复合材料的韧性及抑制开裂能力。本发明应用于材料加工工程领域。
A preparation method of a flexible particle reinforced metal matrix composite material relates to a preparation method of the metal matrix composite material. The invention aims to solve the problems in the selection and preparation of the reinforcing phase of the complex structural parts of the high-performance metal matrix composite material. ), and the metal matrix is one or more of pure metals or alloys such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, iron, copper, and magnesium. In the preparation of metal matrix composites, the surface of the flexible particles reacts with the metal matrix, so that the two are well combined; the flexible particles act as nucleation particles in the molten pool, which is conducive to further refinement of the grain size; at the same time, the flexible particles have Good toughness, evenly distributed in the metal matrix, can effectively withstand external loads and participate in plastic deformation, significantly improve the strength of the material, and further improve the toughness of the composite material and the ability to inhibit cracking. The invention is applied to the field of material processing engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of flexible particle enhancing metal-base composites, belong to Materials Processing Engineering neck
Domain.
Background technique
Metal-base composites has both thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient since its specific strength is high, wearability is good again
A series of small, advantages such as damping and amortization is good, are widely used in the fields such as aerospace, auto industry and petrochemical industry.Metal
Based composites are using metal and alloy as matrix, made of being combined with each other with one or more of metals, nonmetallic reinforced phase again
Condensation material.By the difference of its reinforced phase, it is broadly divided into fiber reinforcement, whisker reinforcement and particles reiforced metal-base composition three
Kind.Wherein, particles reiforced metal-base composition due to its compositing range is wide, at production. art is simple, cost is relatively low, is easy batch
The advantages such as production, compared to fiber reinforcement and whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, particles reiforced metal-base composition has
Broader market application prospect.
For particles reiforced metal-base composition, reinforced phase is generally TiB2、TiC、SiC、Si3N4、Al2O3、
B4The hard ceramic particles such as C are rarely reported for the metal-base composites preparation of flexible particle enhancing at present.Since hard is made pottery
Porcelain particle fusing point is higher, and there are larger differences for itself thermal expansion coefficient and metal material, this is resulted in using ceramic particle system
There are a series of problems for standby metal-base composites:
(1) interfacial reaction is insufficient between reinforced phase and basis material, make the interfacial effect of composite material, confounding effect and
Complex effect is unable to give full play.
(2) wetability of particle and matrix is poor, is easy to produce stomata, and the intensity of material and service life is caused to reduce.
(3) the plasticity toughness of ceramic particle is poor, reduces the plastic deformation ability of metal-base composites entirety.
Performance, application, cost of metal-base composites etc. depend greatly on the system of metal-base composites
Preparation Method and and technique.The traditional preparation methods of metal-based compound material mainly have powder metallurgy composite algorithm, the casting solidification method of forming,
Spray-up method, lamination composite algorithm and in-situ preparation composite algorithm.Particles reiforced metal-base composition method master is prepared at present
It concentrates on compacting after ball milling mixes powder and obtains prefabricated blank, (such as patent 201610144500.1) is obtained after vacuum-sintering；Skill is laminated
Art is by the metal of molten condition in conjunction with ceramic particle, and successively superposition is until obtain the particulate reinforced metal-based compound of specified thickness
Material (such as patent 201010588884.9)；And after metal powder and hard-phase particles ball milling mixing, using cold spraying+heat treatment
Method obtain particles reiforced metal-base composition (such as patent 201611037038.1).
Although having now been developed many manufacturing methods and technique at present, metal-base composites is prepared using above-mentioned technique
Have the following problems: enhancing particle is unevenly distributed in metallic matrix, and different zones material structure performance is caused to have differences,
It is difficult to meet the requirement of composite structure and intensity；For complex components, part that the above method manufactures
Simple shape, structure is single, can not once produce the part close to final products, need following process, production cost is higher.
Therefore the efficiently novel MANUFACTURING METHODS OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES of research and development is always most to pay close attention in metal-base composites research
The problem of.Near-net-shape can be realized while guaranteeing the forming accuracy of workpiece using selective laser fusing (SLM) technique, significantly
Reduce waste of material and energy consumption.Meanwhile the characteristic based on the molten bath SLM rapid cooling, it can significantly refine the crystalline substance of formation of parts
Particle size, compared to other methods, the structure member of SLM forming has higher mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in the selection and preparation for the reinforced phase of high-performance metal based composites parts with complex structures
The above problem of appearance proposes a kind of new method --- melt preparation in the selective laser that flexible particle enhances metal-base composites
Method.
A kind of preparation method of flexible particle enhancing metal-base composites of the invention, its packet following steps:
Step 1: it after metal powder is mixed with flexible particle medium, obtains mixed-powder and is packed into grinding pot, and be put into and grind
Abrading-ball carries out dry or wet mixing, mixing time 1-24h under the conditions of inert gas shielding；
Wherein, bulb diameter 1-10mm is ground；The mass ratio of mill ball and mixed-powder is 1~10:1；
The additional amount of flexible particle medium is no more than the 40% of metal powder and flexible particle medium gross mass；
Step 2: by mixed-powder under the air atmosphere of negative pressure, or under normal pressure protective atmosphere under the conditions of, is dried
It is dry, drying temperature 353-393K, drying time 1-24h；
Step 3: prepare metal-base composites using laser gain material technique, selective laser melting characteristic parameter: laser power is
80-1000W, scanning speed 200mm/s-7000mm/s, thickness are 25-100 μm, and substrate temperature is 25-500 DEG C, between scanning
Away from being 50-150 μm, protection gas selects argon gas, and the total content of oxygen and moisture is less than 1PPM；Scanning strategy: it is reciprocating scanning or
Simple scanning, layer by layer conversion angle；
Step 4: surface polishing or blasting treatment are carried out to the metal-base composites of step 3 preparation, i.e., described in completion
Flexible particle enhancing metal-base composites preparation.
Reinforced phase of the invention selects flexible particle (elemental metals such as tungsten, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium and metallic compound), gold
Category matrix is one of the pure metal or alloy or a variety of such as aluminium, titanium, nickel, iron, copper, magnesium.It is prepared in metal-base composites
In the process, flexible particle surface can react with metallic matrix, make the two is preferable to combine；Flexible particle can be made in molten bath
For nucleation mass point, be conducive to further refining grain size；Meanwhile flexible particle has preferable toughness, in metallic matrix
It is uniformly distributed, can effectively bear external load and participates in plastic deformation, further promoted while significantly improving the strength of materials multiple
The toughness and inhibition cracking ability of condensation material.
The present invention is directed to prepare the labyrinth metal-base composites component of high-strength and high ductility, particle specific gravity is less than 40%.
The flexible particle medium (elemental metals such as tungsten, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium and metallic compound) of granule size 20-50nm is selected first
Mechanical mixture is carried out with metal powder, deformable nanoparticles is made to be evenly distributed in the surface of matrix powder.Then to mixed powder
End be dried and be transferred to selective laser fusing equipment in, and to printing part model input and slicing treatment,
It carries out fusing layer by layer to powder according to the two-dimensional appearance information of slice to shape, taking-up carries out after obtaining formation of parts to its surface
Blasting treatment finally obtains finished part.During SLM, since laser energy density is higher, flexible particle receives laser spoke
Partial melting occurs for note, is conducive to the combination of itself and metallic matrix.Process flow chart of the invention is as shown in Figure 1.
The present invention mainly has following several compared to the preparation method of conventional rigid ceramic particle reinforced metal base composites
Point advantage:
1, enhance metal-base composites compared to hard ceramic particles, enhancing can be effectively eliminated using flexible particle medium
Particle and metallic matrix moistening badness and internal flaw.
2, it flexible particle good toughness and can react with parent metal, make particle and the higher binding force of metallic matrix,
Component is set to have both good fatigue behaviour again while there is higher-strength, plasticity.
3, compared to conventional metals substrate preparation method for material, the fine microstructures of gained part, reinforced phase is distributed equal in matrix
It is even, can once-forming complex components, while guarantee formation of parts have higher dimensional precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that flexible particle of the present invention enhances fabrication process of metal matrix composites flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: a kind of preparation method of flexible particle enhancing metal-base composites of present embodiment,
Its packet following steps:
Step 1: it after metal powder is mixed with flexible particle medium, obtains mixed-powder and is packed into grinding pot, and be put into and grind
Abrading-ball carries out dry or wet mixing, mixing time 1-24h under the conditions of inert gas shielding；
Wherein, bulb diameter 1-10mm is ground；The mass ratio of mill ball and mixed-powder is 1:1~10:1；
The additional amount of flexible particle medium is no more than the 40% of metal powder and flexible particle medium gross mass；
Step 2: by mixed-powder under the air atmosphere of negative pressure, or under normal pressure protective atmosphere under the conditions of, is dried
It is dry, drying temperature 353-393K, drying time 1-24h；
Step 3: prepare metal-base composites using laser gain material technique, selective laser melting characteristic parameter: laser power is
80-1000W, scanning speed 200mm/s-7000mm/s, thickness are 25-100 μm, and substrate temperature is 25-500 DEG C, between scanning
Away from being 50-150 μm, shapes protection gas in storehouse and select argon gas, oxygen and moisture content are less than 1PPM in storehouse；
Scanning strategy: reciprocating scanning or simple scanning, layer by layer conversion angle；
Step 4: surface polishing or blasting treatment are carried out to the metal-base composites of step 3 preparation, i.e., described in completion
Flexible particle enhancing metal-base composites preparation.
The metal powder and flexible particle mass of medium ratio of present embodiment are not limited to defined by present embodiment
Above-mentioned parameter, any number combination in the condition and range given by present embodiment each fall within protection scope of the present invention
It is interior.
The mill ball of present embodiment and the mass ratio of mixed-powder are not limited to above-mentioned defined by present embodiment
Parameter, any number combination in the condition and range given by present embodiment are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
The drying condition of present embodiment is not limited to above-mentioned parameter defined by present embodiment, in present embodiment
Any number combination in given condition and range is fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the partial size of metal powder is 15-
70μm.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the partial size of flexible particle medium
For 20-50nm.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 4: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the material of mill ball is oxidation
Zirconium, stainless steel, corundum or agate.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 5: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: dry-mixed and two kinds of techniques of wet mixing
It is required to inert gas shielding, the protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen；The metal powder more stable for chemical property uses
Dry mixing process.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 6: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: wet mixing, mixing time 1-24h；
Wherein, wet mixing is carried out using water, alcohol or acetone；The metal active for chemical property, in order to prevent during mixed powder
Temperature is excessively high and aoxidizes, and using wet blending process, the additional amount of water, alcohol or acetone is advisable with not crossing powder.Other and specific reality
It is identical to apply mode one.
Specific embodiment 7: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the pressure of the negative pressure be <
0.1MPa.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 8: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the protective atmosphere of step 2 is
Ar gas.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 9: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: described in step 3 layer by layer
Conversion angle, angle therein are 0-90.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 10: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the selective laser fusing
Parameter: laser power 200-800W, scanning speed 1000mm/s-5000mm/s, thickness are 50-80 μm, and substrate temperature is
50-300 DEG C, sweep span is 80-120 μm, scanning strategy: reciprocating scanning or simple scanning, layer by layer conversion angle；Shape storehouse
Interior protection gas selects argon gas, and oxygen and moisture content are less than 1PPM in storehouse.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
The selective laser melting characteristic parameter of present embodiment is not limited to above-mentioned condition defined by present embodiment, is having
Any number combination in condition and range given by body embodiment one is fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
The content of present invention is not limited only to the content of the respective embodiments described above, the group of one of them or several specific embodiments
The purpose of invention also may be implemented in contract sample.
By following example verifying the invention has the advantages that:
It is utilized respectively this method and prepares tungsten-TC4 composite material and tantalum-AlSi10Mg composite material.Specific experiment method is such as
Under:
Embodiment 1
Tungsten-TC4 composite material is prepared, concrete operations are as follows:
Step 1: being packed into grinding pot for TC4 (20-53 μm of partial size) and nanometer tungsten particle (50nm) with the weight ratio of 9:1,
And it is put into 3mm zirconium oxide abrasive ball, ratio of grinding media to material 4:1, dry grinding mixing, mixing time 4h；
Step 2: mixed-powder is dried under protection of argon gas, drying temperature 353K, drying time 4h；
Step 3: selective laser melting characteristic parameter, laser power 250W, scanning speed 700mm/s, 50 μm of thickness, substrate temperature
25 DEG C of degree, 100 μm of sweep span, scanning strategy: reciprocating scanning, layer by layer conversion angle (90 °).Shape protection gas selection in storehouse
Argon gas, oxygen and moisture content are less than 1PPM in storehouse.
Step 4: surface polishing or blasting treatment are carried out to it according to the material of formation of parts and surface quality requirements.
Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out to the tungsten-TC4 metal-base composites of preparation, the result is as follows:
Table 1
| Material | Tensile strength | Microhardness | Elongation percentage |
| Tungsten-TC4 (1) | 1297MPa | 621HV | 11.7% |
| Tungsten-TC4 (2) | 1230MPa | 605HV | 11.6% |
| Tungsten-TC4 (3) | 1198MPa | 594HV | 10.2% |
Embodiment 2
Tantalum-AlSi10Mg composite material is prepared, concrete operations are as follows:
Step 1: AlSi10Mg (30-65 μm of partial size) and nanometer tantalum particle (20nm) is packed into the weight ratio of 95:5
Grinding pot, and it is put into 3mm zirconium oxide abrasive ball, the dry grinding mixing of ratio of grinding media to material 1:1, Ar gas shielded, mixing time 2h；
Step 2: mixed-powder is dried under negative pressure (< 0.1MPa), drying temperature 373K, drying time is for 24 hours；
Step 3: selective laser melting characteristic parameter, laser power 300W, scanning speed 1400mm/s, 30 μm of thickness, substrate temperature
100 DEG C of degree, 105 μm of sweep span, scanning strategy: reciprocating scanning, layer by layer conversion angle (67 °).Shape protection gas choosing in storehouse
Argon gas is selected, oxygen and moisture content are less than 1PPM in storehouse.
Step 4: surface polishing or blasting treatment are carried out according to the material of formation of parts and surface quality requirements.
Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out to the tantalum-AlSi10Mg metal-base composites of preparation, the result is as follows:
Table 2
| Material | Tensile strength | Microhardness | Elongation percentage |
| Tungsten-AlSi10Mg (1) | 490MPa | 143HV | 21.4% |
| Tungsten-AlSi10Mg (2) | 476MPa | 137HV | 19.7% |
| Tungsten-AlSi10Mg (3) | 483MPa | 141HV | 19.1% |
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| CN114032536A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-11 | 兆山科技（北京）有限公司 | Method for preparing gradient ceramic coating by cold spraying of high-entropy borosilicate ceramic surface material |
| WO2022067554A1 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | 西门子股份公司 | 3d printing powder and 3d printing method |
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| EP2589449A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | Alstom Technology Ltd | A process for the production of articles made of a gamma-prime precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy by selective laser melting (SLM) |
| CN105583401A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-18 | 华中科技大学 | Method for preparing composite powder for 3D printing, product and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2589449A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | Alstom Technology Ltd | A process for the production of articles made of a gamma-prime precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy by selective laser melting (SLM) |
| CN105583401A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-18 | 华中科技大学 | Method for preparing composite powder for 3D printing, product and application |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022067554A1 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | 西门子股份公司 | 3d printing powder and 3d printing method |
| CN116323040A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-06-23 | 西门子股份公司 | 3D printing powder and 3D printing method |
| CN114032536A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-11 | 兆山科技（北京）有限公司 | Method for preparing gradient ceramic coating by cold spraying of high-entropy borosilicate ceramic surface material |
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