CN109365728A - A kind of cladding method applied to the forging of the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk - Google Patents
A kind of cladding method applied to the forging of the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk Download PDFInfo
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- CN109365728A CN109365728A CN201811421508.3A CN201811421508A CN109365728A CN 109365728 A CN109365728 A CN 109365728A CN 201811421508 A CN201811421508 A CN 201811421508A CN 109365728 A CN109365728 A CN 109365728A
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- high temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
It is applied to the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk the invention discloses one kind and forges cladding method, it is related to nickel base superalloy and heats cladding method in turbine disk forging process, and the present invention is achieved by the steps of: initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank is carried out heating and thermal insulation by step 1.；High temperature alloy blank after heating and thermal insulation is carried out hot jacket by step 2.；High temperature alloy blank after the hot jacket of step 3. melts down carry out heating and thermal insulation.The present invention avoids traditional cladding method from causing, and high temperature alloy blank heating time in furnace is too long, Soft Roll set is easy to fall off, clamps the problems such as cracky, temperature in high temperature alloy blank transhipment forging process, which can be effectively reduced, reduces problem, it avoids cracking in forging deformation process, forging resistance of deformation is effectively reduced, can get ideal grain structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of applied to the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging cladding method, for metallurgy with
The control heat preservation of forging temperature during machinery industry metal material heat processing, is a kind of special hot-working cladding method, special
It Shi Yongyu not ultra-large type difficulty deformation nickel base superalloy the case where wanting strict control blank deformation temperature.
Background technique
Nickel base superalloy is selected as the industries such as petroleum, chemical industry, thermoelectricity and nuclear power with its excellent high-temperature behavior extensively
Turbine disk material.In turbine disk use process, operating temperature is generally at 550 DEG C or more, and the quality of performance is mainly by alloy
Organization decided.However, due to nickel base superalloy have high-alloying element, recrystallization temperature is higher, at the same its just fusing point compared with
It is low, so causing the outstanding problems such as the alloy forging temperature range is relatively narrow, deformation plasticity is poor, resistance of deformation is big, it is affected by temperature
It is more sensitive.The reduction of deformation temperature does not only result in alloy thermoplasticity and sharply deteriorates, while alloy deformation temperature and strain rate
Sensibility increases with the raising of alloying level.Microstructure is by deformation temperature, rate of deformation, deflection and stress shape
The influence of the techniques such as state is more apparent, harsher than thermoplastic limitation.To cause alloy forging forming difficulty, lumber recovery
It is low.Forging especially for the higher nickel base superalloy of hardening constituent content and the nickel base superalloy steel ingot of ultra-large type is raw
It produces, harsh requirement is proposed to the control of temperature, thermoplasticity tolerance band is usually within 80 DEG C, and microstructure and mechanics
Temperature range required by performance is often smaller, needs that the measure of the special process such as isothermal forging and hot forging is taken just to can guarantee forging
Realization [micro- group of high temperature alloy thermal deformation process of Yao Zhihao, Dong Jianxin, Zhang Maicang the GH738 of forming and best organizational controls
It knits control and predicts building [J] Acta Metallurgica Sinica of I. microstructure Evolution model, 47 (12): 1581-1590,2011；Yao Zhi
Great, Wang Qiuyu, Zhang Maicang, Dong build new GH738 high temperature alloy thermal deformation process microstructures Control and drill with prediction II. tissue
Change model verification and application [J] Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 47 (12): 1591-1599,2011].
Currently, complicated operation since isothermal forging is at high cost, it is unfavorable for being mass produced.It is general to use to blank
The hot forging of various Insulations is taken to produce.Typical heat preserving method is to be covered on blank surface using asbestos heat insulating material,
To slow down blank because of thermal loss caused by radiating with convection current.In forging process, since there are temperature between mold and blank
Difference stops the heat transfer between blank surface and air so asbestos pad is prevented transmission of heat by contact between mold and blank.It is practical
On, for controlled forge process temperature, the heating temperature of forging is selected as the upper limit of license deformation temperature range, while using jacket packet
Wrap up in blank retarding heat loss, the high insulating efficiency of thermal insulation material is higher, blank transfer process and complete deformation time it is shorter,
It then can get preferable Deformation structure.Due to high temperature alloy can forging range very little, blank transfer time of coming out of the stove usually wants
It is accurate to the second, therefore in order to can effectively keep the temperature during blank is come out of the stove, needs asbestos to refill under the cold condition of stokehold
Thermal insulation material is fixed on blank surface, and most important method is exactly to be fixed thermal insulation material by the method for soldering stainless steel housing
In blank surface, to guarantee that asbestos mat is not fallen off in blank heating and transfer process of coming out of the stove, this method is claimed in industrial production
For the compound jacket of stainless steel alumina silicate or Hard Roll set.The heat of alloy blank can be significantly slowed using conventional rock wool sheath material
It scatters and disappears, therefore is used widely in the hot procedure of high temperature alloy for a long time.
But there are many this method limitation, can not fully meet requirement of the forging technology to forging temperature control precision, it is special
It is not that there are following several respects outstanding problems:
First, asbestos thermal insulation material and stainless steel outer sleeve cannot bear larger external force and deformation at high temperature, start rank in forging
Section ruptures, and contacts blank directly with mold and air, especially contact of the blank with mold makes blank local temperature sharply
Decline, leads to the corresponding cracking destruction of forging and tissue abnormalities.Second, stainless steel cladding method is unsuitable for more fire such as ingot formation
Forging process in the hot rolling of bar and tubing, and rolls large ring it is even more impossible to implement in hammer forging technique again on machine for rolling ring
In the process, also alumina silicate cladding method can not be added using stainless steel.Third, using conventional industrial asbestos in forging process
Material will lead to serious environmental issue.Fourth, cold conditions jacket causes heating time too long, be easy to make stainless steel oxidation it is serious,
Embrittlement occurs for asbestos mat, causes to be easy to appear jacket fragmentation in clamping process；Meanwhile excessively prolonged heating and thermal insulation energy consumption
Seriously, vast resources is wasted.So exploring, heat insulation effect in a kind of sustainable development forging process is good, strong operability, the energy
The cladding method of economizing type is the technology that vast forge plant needs.
Can only implement in the case where blank is in cold conditions to solve the compound jacket of stainless steel alumina silicate, can not to high temperature blank into
The problem of row jacket, is occurred having the characteristics that caking property in hot mastication using glass, is protected alumina silicate using glass powder
The method that warm felt is pasted onto high temperature blank surface, this method are applied to the more fire time forgings of the needs such as ingot formation, therefore multiple
The case where melting down in hot state can solve more fire and forge the heat preservation problem that-melting down-heats-come out of the stove.But as chemical industry original
There is the problems such as viscosity is insufficient, maintains viscous state temperature range small in the commercialization glass powder of material, cannot be in heat processing technique institute
It is required that relevant temperature within the scope of maintain enough viscosity, when blank heated in furnace and when in higher temperatures temperature, glass meeting
It trickles under the effect of gravity since viscosity is too low, the glass for causing asbestos thermal insulation material to fall off from blank surface, while being lost
Melt is retained in furnace and is difficult to clean off after solidification, can damage to furnace body and heating system.When blank is come out of the stove rear surface temperature
When there is small range decline, viscous layer will be brittle due to solidification, to fall off simultaneously with asbestos thermal insulation material.Therefore, the party
Method cannot still fully meet requirement of the high temperature alloy hot-working to high insulating efficiency.
According to the above analysis it is found that forging heat preservation technology is the indivisible component part of high temperature alloy forging hot-working,
Forging is smoothly shaped and obtains ideal microstructure property with important guarantee effect, without the support of jacket technology,
Certain materials and component just can not forging and molding, and efficient heat preservation technology can promote exploitation and the heat processing technique of new material
Development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forges cladding method, to can get crystal grain
Degree qualification, the forging without face crack obtain the nickel base superalloy whirlpool that can reach the standard requirements such as mechanical property to forge
Wheel disc.
The first object of the present invention is to propose a kind of cladding method of ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging,
Be characterized in that, the cladding method specifically includes the following steps:
Initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank is carried out heating and thermal insulation by step 1.；
High temperature alloy blank after heating and thermal insulation is carried out hot jacket by step 2.；
High temperature alloy blank after the hot jacket of step 3. melts down carry out heating and thermal insulation.
Preferably, in the step 1, heating temperature range is 1030-1100 DEG C, and soaking time range is 10-15h.
Preferably, step 2 the following steps are included:
High temperature alloy blank after heating and thermal insulation is carried out Soft Roll set by 2.1；
High temperature alloy blank after 2.2 pairs of Soft Roll sets carries out Hard Roll set.
Preferably, the Soft Roll set specifically: be compacted after being wrapped up using heat-preservation cotton high temperature alloy blank, heat-preservation cotton
With a thickness of 5-20mm.
The Hard Roll set specifically: by stainless steel band wrap in Soft Roll set after high temperature alloy stock side；Meanwhile Soft Roll
High temperature alloy blank upper and lower end faces after set be respectively adopted two stainless steel band right-angled intersections and with the high temperature alloy blank
The stainless steel band of side is fixedly connected, and the stainless steel band is with a thickness of 0.5-1.5mm.
Preferably, in the step 3, the high temperature alloy blank heating temperature range after hot jacket is 1030-1100 DEG C, is protected
The warm time is 3-6h.
Preferably, the ingredient of the nickel base superalloy is according to mass percent are as follows: C:0.01-0.08%；Al:1.0-
4.6%；Ti:1.2-6.25%；Co:10.0-19.0%；Cr:12.0-21.0%；Mo:1.5-6.5%；Fe≤2.0%；S≤0.001%；
P≤0.005%；Ni surplus；Cylinder high temperature alloy the blank diameter Φ >=500mm, height h >=1000mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultra-large type nickel base superalloys using any of the above-described cladding method
Turbine disk forging method, the forging method specifically:
The high temperature alloy blank height dimension that step 3 obtains is depressed into initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank height by step 4.
50%, pressure maintaining is further continued for for height dimension being deformed into the 20% of initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank height after stopping 30s, removes packet
It is cooling after set, obtain forging；
Step 5: the forging that step 4 is obtained carries out the heat treatment under the conditions of sub- solid solution, carries out double aging processing again later.
Preferably, the temperature control of the heat treatment under the conditions of the sub- solid solution keeps the temperature 4 hours at 1020 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation
Oil is cooled to room temperature afterwards.
Preferably, double aging processing are as follows: by forging of the oil after cold 845 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at a temperature of heat preservation 4h after it is empty
It is cooled to room temperature；Forging after will be air-cooled 760 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at a temperature of heat preservation 16h after be air-cooled to room temperature.
The method that the present invention uses first heating and thermal insulation reheating jacket, compared with traditional cold jacket, when reducing alloy heating
Between, alloy structure inhomogeneities is controlled, prevents grain structure from growing up and influences to forge structure refinement；Reduce the wind of jacket damage
Danger can make to be wrapped in heating, not cracky, not easily to fall off in transhipment clamping process；Effectively alloy blank is kept the temperature simultaneously, is shortened
It is heating time, energy saving；The nickel base superalloy turbine disk of controlled forge process, Ke Yibian are carried out through extraordinary cladding method of the invention
Shape temperature control ability significantly improves high temperature alloy forging microstructure and mechanical property, preparation close to isothermal forging process level
The diskware of acquisition guarantees compared with other diskwares with identical component without cracking and have good grain structure and higher
Mechanical behavior under high temperature, for improving, turbine disk forging production efficiency, control product quality are stable and reduction production cost has
It plays an important role.
Specific embodiment
Blank uses nickel-base high-temperature alloy material in the present invention, and ingredient is according to mass percent are as follows: C:0.01-0.08%；
Al:1.0-4.6%；Ti:1.2-6.25%；Co:10.0-19.0%；Cr:12.0-21.0%；Mo:1.5-6.5%；Fe≤2.0%；S≤
0.001%；P≤0.005%；Ni surplus.
Using above-mentioned alloy material carry out the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forge cladding method, specifically include with
Lower step:
Initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank is carried out heating and thermal insulation by step 1..
High temperature alloy blank is placed in electric furnace effective coverage, is paved below with refractory brick, to guarantee high temperature alloy
Blank is heated evenly, and electric furnace heating and temperature control keeps the temperature 10-15h at 1030-1100 DEG C, keeps high temperature alloy blank heating complete
Entirely.It can use thermocouple simultaneously and thermometric carried out to high temperature alloy blank, temperature measuring point is located at the center of upper bottom surface, i.e., cylindrical
The center point of bottom surface on high temperature alloy blank.Jacket is carried out again after set temperature is fully achieved in high temperature alloy blank heating,
The set temperature range is consistent with electric furnace heating temperature, is all 1030-1100 DEG C.The thermocouple that the present invention uses is external armouring
Thermocouple, the external armoured thermocouple good, biggish K-type thermocouple wire of thermo-electromotive force for the linearity.
After the heat preservation of step 2. high temperature alloy blank heating, blank is taken out from heating furnace and carries out hot jacket.
After high temperature alloy blank heating and thermal insulation of the present invention, hot jacket processing is carried out to it.Wherein hot jacket includes two
Sub-step: progress Soft Roll set first then carries out Hard Roll set.
Soft Roll set is to be wrapped up using heat-preservation cotton high temperature alloy blank outer surface, step are as follows: by high temperature alloy blank
Surrounding is wrapped up using heat-preservation cotton, carries out cementing, package between high temperature alloy blank and heat-preservation cotton using high-temperature agglomerant
Heat-preservation cotton is compacted at around blank afterwards, the heat preservation cotton layer thickness of package is 5-20mm.
And then the Hard Roll set carried out is the partial outer face using stainless steel band to the high temperature alloy blank after Soft Roll set
It is wrapped up, it is characterized in that: it will wrap with a thickness of the rectangle stainless steel band of 0.5-1.5mm thickness in the high temperature for being wrapped heat-preservation cotton
Alloy blank side, and welded in junction, i.e., cylindrical sides wrap up mode using " cartridge type "；Meanwhile wrapping up heat preservation
The high temperature alloy of the cotton stainless steel band that right-angled intersection is respectively adopted in two end faces up and down is welded, i.e., two on each end face
Stainless steel band right-angled intersection, and the stainless steel band of each stainless steel band end and high temperature alloy stock side package welds,
To prevent Soft Roll set is unexpected from falling off.
The shorter entire hot jacket process time the better, should be no more than 10min.
High temperature alloy blank after step 3. jacket melts down carry out heating and thermal insulation.
The good high temperature alloy blank of jacket is placed in electric furnace effective coverage, is paved below with refractory brick, electric furnace adds
Hot temperature control can carry out forging of coming out of the stove at 1030-1100 DEG C after keeping the temperature 3-6h.At the same time, using external armouring
Thermocouple carries out thermometric to high temperature alloy blank, and temperature measuring point is directly contacted with the center of bottom surface on high temperature alloy blank.
After terminating above-mentioned jacket step, subsequent ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging can be carried out, specifically:
Step 4. forging and molding.
A. it is transported on press die rapidly after the high temperature alloy blank that step 3 obtains being come out of the stove, wherein transhipment time
Within 1min, press die temperature is not less than 350 DEG C for control；B. press is suppressed by pre-set compacting mode, first
Height dimension is depressed into the 50% of undeformed high temperature alloy blank (i.e. initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank) height, pressure maintaining stops
30s, then height dimension is deformed into the 20% of initial undeformed high temperature alloy height, rate of deformation is controlled in 10mm/s；C. it removes
Forging removes outside jacket, is placed on sand pit hollow cold；Forging surface irregularities must be cleaned out with oxide skin；Ultra-large type
Nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging surface flawless.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cladding method applied to the forging of the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk, which is characterized in that the cladding method
Specifically includes the following steps:
Initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank is carried out heating and thermal insulation by step 1.；
High temperature alloy blank after heating and thermal insulation is carried out hot jacket by step 2.；
High temperature alloy blank after the hot jacket of step 3. melts down carry out heating and thermal insulation.
2. a kind of cladding method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, heating temperature range is
1030-1100 DEG C, soaking time range is 10-15h.
3. a kind of cladding method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 the following steps are included:
High temperature alloy blank after heating and thermal insulation is carried out Soft Roll set by 2.1；
High temperature alloy blank after 2.2 pairs of Soft Roll sets carries out Hard Roll set.
4. a kind of cladding method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The Soft Roll set specifically: be compacted after being wrapped up using heat-preservation cotton high temperature alloy blank, heat-preservation cotton is with a thickness of 5-
20mm；
The Hard Roll set specifically: by stainless steel band wrap in Soft Roll set after high temperature alloy stock side；Meanwhile after Soft Roll set
High temperature alloy blank upper and lower end faces be respectively adopted two stainless steel band right-angled intersections and with the high temperature alloy stock side
Stainless steel band be fixedly connected, the stainless steel band is with a thickness of 0.5-1.5mm.
5. a kind of cladding method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high temperature alloy in the step 3, after hot jacket
Blank heating temperature range is 1030-1100 DEG C, soaking time 3-6h.
6. a kind of cladding method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the ingredient of the nickel base superalloy is according to quality
Percentage are as follows: C:0.01-0.08%；Al:1.0-4.6%；Ti:1.2-6.25%；Co:10.0-19.0%；Cr:12.0-21.0%；
Mo:1.5-6.5%；Fe≤2.0%；S≤0.001%；P≤0.005%；Ni surplus；The cylinder high temperature alloy blank diameter Φ
>=500mm, height h >=1000mm.
7. a kind of ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging side using any cladding method as described in claim 1-6
Method, the forging method specifically:
The high temperature alloy blank height dimension that step 3 obtains is depressed into initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank height by step 4.
50%, pressure maintaining is further continued for for height dimension being deformed into the 20% of initial cylindrical high temperature alloy blank height after stopping 30s, removes packet
It is cooling after set, obtain forging；
Step 5: the forging that step 4 is obtained carries out the heat treatment under the conditions of sub- solid solution, carries out double aging processing again later.
8. a kind of ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the Asia
The temperature control of heat treatment under the conditions of solid solution keeps the temperature 4 hours at 1020 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and oil is cooled to room temperature after heat preservation.
9. a kind of ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk forging method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that described double
Ageing treatment are as follows: by oil it is cold after forging 845 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at a temperature of heat preservation 4h after be air-cooled to room temperature；Forging after will be air-cooled
Part 760 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at a temperature of heat preservation 16h after be air-cooled to room temperature.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811421508.3A CN109365728A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | A kind of cladding method applied to the forging of the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811421508.3A CN109365728A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | A kind of cladding method applied to the forging of the ultra-large type nickel base superalloy turbine disk |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109940055A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-28 | 北京天力创玻璃科技开发有限公司 | The large-bore titanium alloy tubing Soft Roll carried out under protection, lubrication, heat-retaining condition covers vertical hot-extrusion method |
| CN111872292A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Temperature-controlled cooling method for GH4720Li alloy disc part after forging and application |
| CN112828219A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | GH738 high-temperature alloy grain homogenization forging technology |
| CN116657001A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-08-29 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy and preparation method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-11-27 CN CN201811421508.3A patent/CN109365728A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109940055A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-28 | 北京天力创玻璃科技开发有限公司 | The large-bore titanium alloy tubing Soft Roll carried out under protection, lubrication, heat-retaining condition covers vertical hot-extrusion method |
| CN111872292A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Temperature-controlled cooling method for GH4720Li alloy disc part after forging and application |
| CN112828219A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | GH738 high-temperature alloy grain homogenization forging technology |
| CN116657001A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-08-29 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN116657001B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-20 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy and preparation method thereof |
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