CN109365494B - Phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil - Google Patents
Phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109365494B CN109365494B CN201811464797.5A CN201811464797A CN109365494B CN 109365494 B CN109365494 B CN 109365494B CN 201811464797 A CN201811464797 A CN 201811464797A CN 109365494 B CN109365494 B CN 109365494B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phytoremediation method for treating cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil. The application selects hyper-enrichment plants such as the feather cockscomb and the cornua paniculata as test plants, and plants the test plants in the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping manner, so that the feather cockscomb and the cornua paniculata can normally grow in the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and have good absorption and enrichment effects on the cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil. Meanwhile, the biomass charcoal and the composite soil conditioner are applied, so that the micro-ecology of the soil is improved, the absorption effect of the feather cockscomb and the leaf mustard on cadmium, manganese and chromium is enhanced, and the remediation efficiency of the cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal remediation, in particular to a phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil.
Background
Generally, heavy metal elements in soil mainly comprise cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and the like, and the heavy metals have the characteristics of universality, concealment, surface aggregation, difficult degradability, irreversibility and the like in the soil, and the characteristics make heavy metal pollution become one of various kinds of pollution of the soil which is least easy to restore. Because heavy metal contaminated soil is high in harmfulness and difficult to repair, how to repair heavy metal contaminated soil is now a problem of intensive research by many scientists around the world.
The method widely adopted for treating heavy metal pollution under the existing domestic technical conditions mainly has two aspects: one is to change the occurrence form of heavy metal ions in the soil and fix the heavy metal elements to weaken the mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metal in the soil environment; the other main method is to remove heavy metals in the soil by adopting engineering or biological and plant technologies, so that the content of the heavy metals is close to or less than a background value. Based on the two ideas, different repairing methods and measures are developed, and the following methods and measures are generally adopted: physical methods, chemical methods, bioremediation methods. However, compared with the environment-friendly biological method, the traditional physical and chemical remediation method has the disadvantages of high cost for soil remediation, easy damage to the original ecological structure of the soil and serious secondary pollution. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the biological remediation method is the best method for remedying the polluted soil in the future. Phytoremediation belongs to an important member of bioremediation, and the phytoremediation refers to planting a certain specific plant on soil polluted by heavy metal, wherein the plant has special absorption and enrichment capacity on pollution elements in the soil, and the plant is harvested and properly treated to remove the heavy metal elements out of the soil, so that the purposes of pollution treatment and ecological remediation are achieved. However, most of the super-accumulation plants can only accumulate one or two heavy metal elements, and cannot meet the treatment requirement of multiple heavy metal pollution in actual soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, so that the remediation efficiency of the soil is improved, and the treatment of various heavy metal pollution in the soil is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3-6% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil;
(2) planting feather cockscomb seedlings and corn mustard seedlings in intercropping mode into cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and absorbing cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of feather cockscomb and corn mustard;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% -4.5% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, re-turning the soil, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 10-15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
The application preferably selects hyper-enrichment plants such as the feather cockscomb and the cornutus paniculatus as test plants, and plants the test plants into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping manner, so that the feather cockscomb and the cornutus paniculatus can normally grow in the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and have good absorption and enrichment effects on the cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil. Meanwhile, the biomass carbon and the composite soil conditioner are applied, so that the absorption effect of the feather cockscomb and the leaf mustard on cadmium, manganese and chromium is enhanced, and the remediation efficiency of the cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil is improved. The alkyl glycoside is a green nonionic surfactant, and the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is a degradable chelating agent, and the alkyl glycoside and the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid are compounded and can be used as a modifier for strengthening the heavy metal restoration of the feather cockscomb and the corn mustard.
As a preferred embodiment of the plant restoration method for treating the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, in the step (2), 1-2 rows of celosia conica are planted to intercroph 1 row of celosia argentea.
As a preferred embodiment of the plant restoration method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, in the step (2), when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, apical buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings are cut off.
The method has the advantages that the top end advantage is broken, the inhibiting effect of the apical buds of the feather cockscomb and the cornua paniculata on the growth of lateral buds can be effectively relieved, the plant growth is promoted, the growth amount of the plant is increased, the heavy metal content in the leaves of the feather cockscomb and the cornua paniculata is remarkably increased, the phytoremediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil is effectively improved, and the method is simple to operate, economical and pollution-free.
As a preferred embodiment of the phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil, in the step (2), when the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana grow to 5-12 cm, the terminal buds of the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana are cut off.
As a preferred embodiment of the phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1-2.5.
As a preferred embodiment of the phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium combined polluted soil, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5.
According to the application, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is regulated and controlled through experiments, the chelation and passivation of cadmium, manganese and chromium in soil are facilitated, and the effect of repairing the cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil by the celosia and the brassica conica can be obviously enhanced.
As a preferred embodiment of the phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the biomass charcoal is prepared from pine bark and peanut shells.
As a preferred embodiment of the plant restoration method for treating the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the mass ratio of the pine bark to the peanut shell is 2-5: 1.
The biomass charcoal with pine bark and peanut shell as raw materials is beneficial to degrading cadmium, manganese and chromium in soil, effectively activating soil, promoting soil to form a good biosphere and improving soil environment.
As a preferred embodiment of the phytoremediation method for treating the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the harmless treatment comprises the steps of incineration and harmless landfill after compression.
The invention also provides application of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus Convolvulus in treatment of cadmium manganese chromium composite polluted soil. The feather cockscomb and the cornutus conopsea have synergy
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the application preferably selects hyper-enrichment plants such as the feather cockscomb and the cornutus paniculatus as test plants, and plants the test plants in the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping manner, so that the feather cockscomb and the cornutus paniculatus can normally grow in the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and have good absorption and enrichment effects on the cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil. Meanwhile, the biomass charcoal and the composite soil conditioner are applied, so that the micro-ecology of the soil is improved, the absorption effect of the feather cockscomb and the leaf mustard on cadmium, manganese and chromium is enhanced, and the remediation efficiency of the cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the number of leaves of example 1 and example 2 in which celosia argentea and brassica juncea grow for 50 days.
FIG. 2 is the dry weight of the roots of the feather cockscomb and Thellungiella conica of examples 1 and 2, which grew for 50 days.
FIG. 3 shows the stem weights of 50 days of growth of celosia argentea and Arabidopsis thaliana of examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is the leaf dry weight of the feather cockscomb and Thellungiella paniculata of examples 1 and 2, which grows for 50 days.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The soil mass in the present invention means the mass of surface soil (0 to 20 cm).
In the examples, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used were commercially available without otherwise specified.
Example 1
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and brassica juncea seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1 row of the seeds of the feather cockscomb are intercropped by 1 line of the brassica juncea, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, the column spacing is 30-40 cm, and the cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil is absorbed by root systems of the feather cockscomb and the brassica juncea;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 2
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and brassica juncea seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1 row of brassica juncea is planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 3
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1-2 rows of arabidopsis thaliana are planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 4
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1-2 rows of arabidopsis thaliana are planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 2.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 5
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 5% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 4: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1-2 rows of arabidopsis thaliana are planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 4% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 6
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 5% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 5: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1-2 rows of arabidopsis thaliana are planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 4.5% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Example 7
A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) repairing vegetable fields around a certain mining area in Guangdong with 2m multiplied by 4 m; after weeds are cleaned, adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 6% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and the biomass carbon is prepared from pine bark and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 5: 1;
(2) selecting full seeds of wild feather cockscomb (Celosia argentea Linn), uniformly sowing the seeds in seedling trays filled with sand grains, culturing at 20-35 ℃, watering every day to keep moist, and obtaining feather cockscomb seedlings in one week; soaking seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabis Paniculata) in water for 5 hr, standing in dark place for germination for 4 days, and culturing in normal soil in greenhouse to obtain Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; planting feather cockscomb seedlings and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in an intercropping mode, wherein 1-2 rows of arabidopsis thaliana are planted to intercroph 1 row of feather cockscombs, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the column spacing is 30-40 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm; cutting off terminal buds of the conical south mustard seedlings when the conical south mustard seedlings grow to 5-12 cm; absorbing cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of the feather cockscomb and the cornutus condinioides;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 4% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, turning the soil again, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The phytoremediation method for treating the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil in the comparative example is basically the same as that in the example 2, except that only feather cockscombs are planted in the comparative example.
Comparative example 2
The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil in the comparative example is basically the same as that in example 2, except that only the arabidopsis thaliana is planted in the comparative example.
Harvesting semen Celosiae and caulis et folium Brassicae Junceae with growth period of 50d, dividing the harvested plants into root, stem and leaf, and collecting the root with 5 mmol.L-1 Ca (NO)3)2Soaking in the solution for 15min, cleaning with ultrasonic cleaner for 10min, and washing with deionized water for 3 times. The stems and leaves were washed directly with deionized water 3 times. Deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30min, oven drying at 60 deg.C to constant weight, taking out the plant, measuring the dry weight of leaf, stem and root, pulverizing, and sieving with 5mm sieve. Crushed sample HNO3+HClO4(9:1) after digestion, determining the content of Cd, Mn and Cr by using an atomic absorption spectrometer (PE-AA 700). The digestion and quality control of the plant sample are carried out by adopting a national standard reference substance (GBW10015(GSB-6)) and a parallel full blank sample, and the standard adding recovery rate is controlled to be 95-105% in order to ensure the accuracy of the result.
The leaf numbers of the feather cockscomb and drooping arabidopsis of examples 1 and 2, which grew for 50 days, are shown in fig. 1, the root dry weight is shown in fig. 2, the stem dry weight is shown in fig. 3, and the leaf dry weight is shown in fig. 4.
The cadmium content results of the roots, stems and leaves of the celosia seeds of example 1 and example 2, which were grown for 50 days, are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The results of cadmium content of roots, stems, leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana of example 1 and example 2 grown for 50 days are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The results of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 show that the elimination of the apical dominance can effectively relieve the inhibition effect of the apical buds of the feather cockscomb and the corn mustard on the growth of the lateral buds, promote the growth of plants, increase the growth amount of the plants, obviously increase the heavy metal content in the leaves of the feather cockscomb and the corn mustard, effectively improve the phytoremediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, and have the advantages of simple operation, economy and no pollution.
The alkyl glycoside is a green nonionic surfactant, and the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is a degradable chelating agent, and the alkyl glycoside and the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid are compounded and can be used as a modifier for strengthening the heavy metal restoration of the feather cockscomb and the corn mustard. The results of the examples 2-4 show that the absorption effect of the feather cockscomb and the corn mustard on cadmium, manganese and chromium can be enhanced by regulating the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the remediation efficiency of the cadmium, manganese and chromium composite polluted soil is improved.
The average contents of cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soils before and after the remediation of examples 2 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
The results show that the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil is planted by adopting hyper-enriched plants such as the feather cockscomb and the cornutus conoideus in an intercropping mode, has good absorption and enrichment effects on the cadmium, manganese and chromium in the polluted soil, and has higher remediation efficiency.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding biomass carbon into the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass carbon is 3-6% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil;
(2) planting feather cockscomb seedlings and corn mustard seedlings in intercropping mode into cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, and absorbing cadmium-manganese-chromium in the polluted soil through root systems of feather cockscomb and corn mustard;
(3) when the feather cockscomb grows to the mature period, applying a composite soil conditioner to the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, wherein the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 3% -4.5% of the mass of the cadmium-manganese-chromium composite polluted soil, the composite soil conditioner comprises alkyl glycoside and aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid, and the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1-2.5;
(4) when the feather cockscomb grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, the ground organs of the feather cockscomb are removed from the polluted soil for harmless treatment; when the arabidopsis thaliana grows to the maximum biomass of the ground part, removing the overground organs of the arabidopsis thaliana from the polluted soil, and performing harmless treatment;
(5) and (3) after the celosia and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, re-turning the soil, repeating the operations in the steps (1) to (4), and obviously reducing the active cadmium, manganese and chromium in the soil after 10-15 times of continuous planting and harvesting.
2. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium combined contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), 1-2 rows of celosia conica are planted to intercroph 1 row of celosia.
3. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium combined polluted soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the feather cockscomb seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, apical buds of the feather cockscomb seedlings are cut off.
4. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium complex contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grow to 5-12 cm, terminal buds of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings are cut off.
5. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium combined contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the aspartic acid diethoxy succinic acid is 1: 1.5.
6. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium complex contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the biomass charcoal is prepared from pine bark and peanut shells.
7. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium-manganese-chromium composite contaminated soil according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the pine bark to the peanut shells is 2-5: 1.
8. The phytoremediation method for treating cadmium manganese chromium composite contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the harmless treatment comprises incineration and harmless landfill after compression.
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