CN109349180B - Ecological breeding method for reducing content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method for reducing content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hairy crab culture methods, in particular to an ecological culture method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs, which comprises the steps of crab pond establishment, hairy crab seedling throwing, hairy crab feeding and hairy crab feeding management, wherein the hairy crab feeding process comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months. The method effectively reduces the content of Cd in the hairy crabs by improving the traditional breeding mode and changing the living environment of the hairy crabs, and changes the prior benthic mud habitat into the temporarily-cultured cage culture of the hairy crabs 1 month before the hairy crabs are caught and come into the market, thereby reducing the bottom mud filter food and further reducing the accumulation of heavy metal Cd in the hairy crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hairy crab culture methods, in particular to an ecological culture method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs.
Background
The hairy crabs are also called river crabs, and are learned as Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), which are widely distributed in river areas such as Liaohe, yellow river, Yangtze river, Oujiang river, Fujiang river and the like in China, are one of the main economic crabs in China, and are also fresh water crabs with the highest yield in crabs. The lotus seed cake is popular with consumers due to rich nutrition and delicious taste, and is well sold in domestic and foreign markets. The hairy crabs have the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, poor feeding, wide bait source, wide market prospect and the like, and have higher breeding benefits.
The aquatic animal culture environment is continuously worsened because heavy metal pollution formed by accumulation of three wastes of industry and agriculture in China is gradually shown in recent years. According to statistics, the cadmium released to the environment every year worldwide reaches about 30000 tons, and 82% -94% of the cadmium can enter soil, so that pollution is caused. At present, sediments in some domestic water areas are polluted by heavy metal cadmium to different degrees, the heavy metal cadmium in tidal flat sediments at the Yangtze river mouths is heavily polluted, and ecological risk evaluation of heavy metal in sediments on the surface layer of the Yangtze river system shows that the ecological risk of Cd is the highest; ecological risk analysis of heavy metals in sediments of the nests, lakes and areas and rivers mainly entering and exiting the lakes shows that Cd is the most main heavy metal pollutant; the ecological risk of heavy metals in Yanghu, Xiangjiang and Dongjiang river basin sediments is mainly Cd; cadmium pollution of lakes in Anqing city reaches a moderate pollution degree; the content of heavy metal Cd in alluvial soil along the bank of the Changjiang Wuhan section exceeds the standard; heavy metal Cd is the most serious in Dongting lakes, while Cindon thereof achieves toxic pollution, and the average content of Cd reaches 2.7 mg/kg. The method is particularly important for fully utilizing natural water resources of the cadmium ecological high-risk water area, developing green culture and ensuring the quality safety of the hairy crabs.
Heavy metal Cd is a non-essential metal element with extremely strong toxicity for human bodies and aquatic animals, can cause chronic poisoning of human bodies, and is cumulative. Chronic poisoning can damage kidney and liver functions, and can also lead to osteoporosis, tumors, and the like.
Along with the great improvement of the attention degree of people to food safety problems, the quality of the hairy crabs is concerned more and more. In recent years, the phenomenon that the heavy metal Cd of the hairy crabs exceeds the standard sometimes occurs. In the end of 2013, in the Househong research, the excessive content of heavy metal Cd in a batch of crabs is greatly explained; in the 2014 Jiangxchengjie research, the phenomenon that the heavy metal Cd of the hairy crabs exceeds the standard also occurs. In 2016, imported Mengladesh black crabs are destroyed when the Cd content exceeds the standard. In the smart research, crab samples containing heavy metal Cd are mostly in light pollution and moderate pollution levels.
Therefore, how to reduce the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in the bodies of the hairy crabs during the cultivation, fully utilize rich natural water resources, promote the cultivation of the hairy crabs, ensure the quality safety of the hairy crabs, ensure the health of consumers and establish a scientific and safe cultivation method capable of reducing the cadmium content in a popularization way is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides an ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
designing an ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs, comprising the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
Preferably, the establishment of the crab pond comprises: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 75-97kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount of quicklime is controlled to be 5-7 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount of quicklime is controlled to be 8-10 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount of quicklime is controlled to be 9-11 kg/mu in 5-11 months.
Preferably, the juvenile crab culturing process comprises: the crab seedlings are fed in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are fed in each mu, and the weight of the crab seedlings is 1.5-2.5 kg.
Preferably, the crab seedlings are of Yangtze river series of Chinese mitten crabs.
Preferably, the amount of the snails thrown to the feed pool per month is 50-100 kg/mu in 1-3 months, the amount of the small trash fish thrown to the feed pool per month is 40-70 kg/mu in 4 months, the amount of the snails thrown to the feed pool is 50-80 kg/mu in 5-11 months, the amount of the small trash fish thrown to the feed pool per month is 100-200 kg/mu in 5-11 months, and the amount of the corn is 40-80 kg/mu in the feed pool.
Preferably, the snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water areas outside the hairy crab breeding area.
Preferably, the feeding of the hairy crab comprises: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) carrying out hanging basket cultivation 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
Preferably, the breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
Preferably, the aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
Preferably, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer is selected to carry out periodic sampling detection on the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
The ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs has the beneficial effects that: the invention changes the living environment of the hairy crabs by improving the traditional feeding mode. Through the mode of throwing the small trash fish in the early stage of throwing the spiral shell and feeding the later stage, because the hairy crab in the early stage eats fewly, adopt the spiral shell that is arranged in breeding the bed mud to feed, the internal Cd content that accumulates is lower, later stage hairy crab appetite increase changes into throwing the small trash fish, because Cd content is far less than the spiral shell in the small trash fish, through changing bait, has effectively reduced the internal Cd content of hairy crab, 1 month before hairy crab catches to go to the market in addition, live and perch at the bed mud bottom by the preceding life and change into the box with a net of breeding temporarily of hairy crab, reduce the bed mud and strain and eat, further reduce the accumulation of heavy metal Cd in vivo.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The invention aims to provide a breeding method for effectively reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs, which can reduce the enrichment of heavy metal Cd in the hairy crabs during the breeding process, thereby reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs, ensuring the quality safety of the bred hairy crabs and reducing the potential harm to human beings.
In order to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention conducted the following experiments:
1. detection method, detection time point:
the detection method comprises the following steps: measuring cadmium in GB 5009.15-2014 food safety national standard food;
a detection instrument: an atomic absorption spectrophotometer;
detecting the time points of the sediment, the snails and the small trash fish: examine 1 time per quarter.
And (3) detecting the hairy crab at a time point: 1 week before fishing and marketing.
2. Adjusting a feeding mode according to the detection result:
because the Cd content of the aquaculture water body and the bottom mud can not obviously change in a short period (the half-life period of Cd in soil exceeds 20 years, the pollution of Cd is an irreversible accumulation process), the aquaculture method is carried out by monitoring the Cd content of the bottom mud, the aquaculture water body and the feeding baits (spiral shells and small trash fishes), and researches are carried out by adjusting the bait (spiral shells, small fishes and shrimps and the like) structures of all growth stages of the hairy crabs and changing the aquaculture mode (temporarily-cultured cage culture) under the condition that the aquaculture water body, the bottom mud and the feeding baits are unchanged.
The spiral shell mainly lives in lake bottom mud, and the Cd content in the spiral shell is higher due to the higher Cd content in the breeding bottom mud; the small trash fish live in water or partially live in a deep water layer, the aquaculture water body is good (the Cd content of the water body meets the national fishery water quality standard), the Cd content of the small trash fish is far lower than that of the spiral shell, and the accumulation of Cd in the hairy crab is reduced by changing bait. Meanwhile, in the early stage of breeding, the feed intake of the hairy crabs is small, even if the content of Cd in the snail bodies is high, the accumulation amount in the bodies is low, and in the subsequent breeding stage, the feed intake is increased along with the increase of the physique and the growth speed of the hairy crabs, and the accumulation of Cd in the bodies of the hairy crabs is increased in the later stage. By adjusting the bait, the snails with higher content are adjusted into small trash fishes with lower content, thereby further reducing the accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs.
When the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs is lower than 0.5mg/kg, the period of throwing and feeding the snails is prolonged as far as possible, the period of throwing and feeding the small trash fish is shortened, and the period of throwing and feeding the snails by the breeding method is determined through multiple tests.
Adjusting the feeding mode of the hairy crabs:
mode 1: feeding snails in 1-2 months; feeding small trash fish from 3 months to 11 months; culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
Mode 2: feeding snails in 1-4 months; in the month of 4, a small amount of small trash fish is added. And feeding small trash fish from 5 months to 11 months. Culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
Mode 3: feeding snails in 1-5 months; in 5 months, a small amount of small trash fish is added. And feeding small trash fish from 6 months to 11 months. Culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
Mode 4: feeding snails in 1-6 months; in 6 months, a small amount of small trash fish is added. And feeding small trash fish from 7 months to 11 months. Culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
The content (unit: mg/kg) of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crab bodies by the 4 feeding modes is shown in a table:
remarking: 1. the detection results are all that 15 hairy crab samples are randomly extracted for detection; 2. in the mode 3, the cadmium content of individual samples exceeds 0.5 mg/kg; 3. in mode 4, the cadmium content of individual samples is less than 0.5 mg/kg.
3. Failure case: feeding modes 3 and 4 are failure modes:
mode 3: feeding snails in 1-5 months; in 5 months, a small amount of small trash fish is added. And feeding small trash fish from 6 months to 11 months. Culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
Mode 4: feeding snails in 1-6 months; in 6 months, a small amount of small trash fish is added. And feeding small trash fish from 7 months to 11 months. Culturing in natural water bottom in 1-8 months; and (4) performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
4. Consider how to balance the relationship between cost, cadmium content and flavor when adjusting the cultivation method:
cadmium content: the snails are not only the most favorite fresh animal baits of the hairy crabs, but also can effectively reduce the concentration of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a and the like in the water body, improve the bottom mud, purify the water quality and improve the ecological environment. The cost of the snails is lower than that of small trash fish, and the snails and the small trash fish are both favorite foods of steamed crabs. When the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs is less than 0.5mg/kg, the period of throwing and feeding the snails is prolonged as much as possible, the period of throwing and feeding the small trash fish is shortened, and the period of throwing and feeding the snails by the breeding method is determined through a plurality of tests.
Flavor: the breeding mode is original ecology breeding, the fed baits are the snails and the small trash fishes in the water area, the natural bait resources in the water area are fully utilized, the cost is reduced, and the delicious flavor is increased.
Cost: if the exotic snails and small trash fishes are used for feeding in the breeding process, the breeding cost is increased. If the hairy crab feed is used for feeding, the heavy metal cadmium content in the hairy crab is ensured, the breeding cost is increased, and the flavor and the taste are reduced.
The specific process of the invention finally obtained by the above experiments and analyses is as follows: performing purse seine culture on a large water surface, adjusting the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs after the seedlings are thrown for 1-2 months, throwing the snails for 1-4 months, and throwing small trash fishes for 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months. The spiral shell mainly lives in lake bottom mud, and the Cd content in the spiral shell is higher due to the higher Cd content in the breeding bottom mud; the small trash fish live in water or partially live in a deep water layer, the aquaculture water body is good, the Cd content of the small trash fish is far lower than that of the spiral shell, and the accumulation of Cd in the hairy crab is reduced through the change of bait. Meanwhile, in the early stage of breeding, the feed intake of the hairy crabs is small, even if the content of Cd in the snail bodies is high, the accumulation amount in the bodies is low, and in the subsequent breeding stage, the feed intake is increased along with the increase of the physique and the growth speed of the hairy crabs, and the accumulation of Cd in the bodies of the hairy crabs is increased in the later stage. By adjusting the bait, the snails with higher content are adjusted into small trash fishes with lower content, thereby further reducing the accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs. The invention changes the living environment of the hairy crabs by improving the traditional feeding mode. 1 month before the hairy crabs are caught and come into the market, the river crab temporary culture cage culture is changed from the river crab benthic living in the sediment before the river crab is caught, so that the sediment filter feeding is reduced, and the accumulation of heavy metal Cd in the body is further reduced.
The method is a safe cultivation method for domestic first research on reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs, and is carried out by monitoring the content of heavy metal Cd in bottom mud, cultivation water and feeding baits (snails and small trash fishes), and under the condition that the sources of the cultivation water, the bottom mud and the feeding baits are unchanged, the quality safety of the cultivated hairy crabs is ensured and the cultivation cost is reduced by adjusting the bait (snails, small trash fishes and the like) structures of various growth stages of the hairy crabs and changing the cultivation mode (temporarily cultivating net cages of the hairy crabs).
The specific embodiment of the ecological breeding method for reducing the cadmium content of the hairy crabs provided by the invention is as follows:
example 1
An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
The establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 75kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 5 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 8 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 9 kg/mu in 5-11 months.
The young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are cultivated in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu, wherein 1.5kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu.
The crab seedling is of Yangtze river line of Chinese mitten crab.
The amount of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 50 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 4 months is 40 kg/mu, the amount of the snails thrown per mu is 50 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 5-11 months is 100 kg/mu, and the corn is thrown per mu at 40 kg/mu.
The snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area.
The feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) carrying out temporary raising cage culture on the hairy crabs 25 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
The breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
The aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
And (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
Example 2
An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
The establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: the establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 80kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 6 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 9 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 10 kg/mu in 5-11 months.
The young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are cultivated in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu, wherein 1.8kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu.
The crab seedling is of Yangtze river line of Chinese mitten crab.
The amount of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 60 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 4 months is 50 kg/mu, the amount of the snails thrown per mu is 60 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 5-11 months is 120 kg/mu, and the corn is thrown per mu for 50 kg/mu.
The snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area.
The feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) performing temporary culture cage culture 28 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
The breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
The aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
And (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
Example 3
An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
The establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: the establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 85kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 6 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 9 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 10 kg/mu in 5-11 months.
The young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are cultivated in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu, wherein the weight of the crab seedlings is 2 kg.
The crab seedling is of Yangtze river line of Chinese mitten crab.
The amount of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 80 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 4 months is 60 kg/mu, the amount of the snails thrown per mu is 70 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 5-11 months is 160 kg/mu, and the corn is 60 kg/mu.
The snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area.
The feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) during the period from 9 months to 11 months, carrying out hanging basket cultivation 30 days before the hairy crabs are caught and come into the market.
The breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
The aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
And (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
Example 4
An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
The establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: the establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 90kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 6 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 9 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 10 kg/mu in 5-11 months. The young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are cultivated in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu, and 2.4kg crab seedlings are cultivated per kg crab seedling specification.
The crab seedling is of Yangtze river line of Chinese mitten crab.
The quantity of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 90 kg/mu, the quantity of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 4 months is 65 kg/mu, the quantity of the snails thrown per mu is 65 kg/mu, the quantity of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 5-11 months is 185 kg/mu, and the corns are thrown per mu at 70 kg/mu.
The snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area.
The feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) carrying out hanging basket cultivation 32 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months.
The breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
The aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
And (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
Example 5
An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, wherein the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are thrown in 1-2 months, the bait structure of each growth stage of the hairy crabs is adjusted, the snails are thrown in 1-4 months, and the small trash fishes are thrown in 4 months; and feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months.
The establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: the establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 97kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 7 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 10 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 11 kg/mu in 5-11 months.
The young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are cultivated in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg crab seedlings are cultivated per mu, and 2.5kg crab seedlings are cultivated per kg crab seedling specification.
The crab seedling is of Yangtze river line of Chinese mitten crab.
The amount of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 100 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 4 months is 70 kg/mu, the amount of the snails thrown per mu is 80 kg/mu, the amount of the small trash fish thrown per mu in 5-11 months is 200 kg/mu, and the corn is 80 kg/mu.
The snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area.
The feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; and (4) during the period from 9 months to 11 months, carrying out hanging basket cultivation 35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and come into the market.
The breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs.
The aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed.
And (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of the invention, the applicant of the present invention provides the following test data:
the test was conducted in Changdou Chinese mitten crab breeding base. Before the method is adopted, the content of heavy metal cadmium in the hairy crabs is randomly inspected to be more than 0.5mg/kg (national standard: the Cd limit of the hairy crabs is 0.5 mg/kg). In the test, hairy crabs cultured in 2016 and 2017 are taken as test objects, and the hairy crabs are cultured by adopting the method under the condition that the sources of culture water, bottom mud and fed baits are unchanged. In 2016 and 2017, the hairy crabs caught 1 week before coming into the market are detected continuously for 2 years, and the content of heavy metal Cd in the bodies of the hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
The Cd contents (unit: mg/kg) of the bottom mud, the fed spiral shell, the small trash fish and the grown crab in 2016 and 2017 of the cultivation base are shown in the table:
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An ecological breeding method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in hairy crabs comprises the steps of building a crab pond, throwing seedlings of the hairy crabs, feeding the hairy crabs and breeding management of the hairy crabs, and is characterized in that the feeding process of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: after 1-2 months of feeding seedlings, feeding snails for 1-4 months, and feeding small trash fish for 4 months; feeding small trash fish in 5-11 months; the establishment of the crab pond comprises the following steps: adopting a large-water-surface purse net for breeding, and applying 75-97kg of quicklime to each mu of water surface before stocking; in the culture process, quicklime is applied once every two weeks, the application amount of each time is adjusted according to seasons and weather conditions, the amount is controlled to be 5-7 kg/mu in 1-2 months, the amount is controlled to be 8-10 kg/mu in 1-4 months, and the amount is controlled to be 9-11 kg/mu in 5-11 months; the young crab throwing process includes: the crab seedlings are fed in 1-2 months, and 250 plus 300 crab seedlings/kg of crab seedlings are fed in each mu, and the weight of the crab seedlings is 1.5-2.5 kg; the crab seedling is selected from Yangtze river series of Chinese mitten crabs; the quantity of the snails thrown per month in 1-3 months is 50-100 kg/mu, the quantity of the small trash fish thrown per month in 4 months is 40-70 kg/mu, the quantity of the snails thrown per mu is 50-80 kg/mu, the quantity of the small trash fish thrown per month in 5 months to 11 months is 100-; the snails and the small trash fishes are harvested from the breeding water area outside the hairy crab breeding area; the feeding of hairy crabs comprises the following steps: in 1-8 months, carrying out natural underwater culture on the hairy crabs; performing temporary raising cage culture of the hairy crabs 25-35 days before the hairy crabs are caught and marketed from 9 months to 11 months; the breeding management of the hairy crabs comprises the following steps: comprises planting and maintaining waterweeds, arranging escape-proof ground cages, feeding living snails, feeding small trash fishes and catching adult crabs; the aquatic weeds are cattail, hydrilla verticillata or yellowweed; and (3) selecting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to regularly sample and detect the Cd contents of the sediment, the snails, the small trash fish and the hairy crabs in the crab pond, wherein the Cd content of the grown hairy crabs is lower than 0.5 mg/kg.
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