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CN109291607B - 一种天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压-轧制复合成型工艺方法 - Google Patents

一种天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压-轧制复合成型工艺方法 Download PDF

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CN109291607B
CN109291607B CN201811182019.7A CN201811182019A CN109291607B CN 109291607 B CN109291607 B CN 109291607B CN 201811182019 A CN201811182019 A CN 201811182019A CN 109291607 B CN109291607 B CN 109291607B
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李志刚
贾红杰
刘俊辉
刘雪强
马品奎
徐进
任明文
王明辉
宋家旺
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压‑轧制复合成型工艺方法。其中天然麻纤维必须进行脱胶与改性处理，其中基材可以是聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯、尼龙6、尼龙66纤维等。将天然麻纤维与热塑性树脂基纤维固相共混，通过气流铺网或者梳理铺网和针刺固结而成毡材(预制体)，在轧制成型的基础上增设成型模具，调节压辊之间的间隙，进行复合成型。由于闭式模具作用，将沿轧制方向的剪切力一部分转化成法相方向的压力，增加压下量，也可以有效避免轧制过程中试样边缘的开裂，从而制备不同厚度的麻纤维复合板材。模具内部带有形状各异的型腔，方便成型各种形状的制品。

Description

一种天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压-轧制复合成型工艺 方法
技术领域
本发明属于汽车内饰件制造领域，涉及了一种麻纤维增强复合材料的复合成型工艺。
背景技术
近年来，随着汽车轻量化的推进和低成本的需求，麻纤维增强复合材料在汽车内饰件制造中的作用越来越大。目前，各汽车工业大国已大量使用天然麻纤维复合材料。其中产品包括轿车的门内板、行李箱、顶棚、座椅背板、衣帽架、仪表盘，也有卡车和客车的车厢内衬板、门板、顶棚、座椅背板等。因天然麻纤维复合材料在重量和成本方面所具有的优势，已被尝试用于汽车外部部件(如挡泥板衬和扰流板)。为了扩大麻纤维复合材料在汽车领域的应用，提高复合材料的力学性能是当务之急。
现有的天然麻纤维增强复合材料的成型工艺主要采用模压方法，模压的压力为垂直向下的压力，完全借助液压机，在达到一定程度后复合材料的内部组织的致密度很难进一步提高，因此材料的力学性能也难以进一步提高。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，提供一种高效的、高性能天然麻纤维增强复合材料的成型工艺方法，本发明所采用的技术方案技术具体如下：
1)首先将长度为6.5～7.5cm的天然麻纤维和热塑性树脂纤维进行固相共混30～60s，再通过气流铺网或梳理铺网，以及针刺固结，制备出天然麻纤维和热塑性树脂纤维的混合毡材(预制体)；
2)将热塑性纤维无纺布和/或热塑性树脂薄膜置于混合毡材的上下表面；
3)在将步骤2)得到的混合毡材裁剪成最终产品所要求的尺寸后，将混合毡材放入模具中，与模具一起加热，加热温度设定为130～300℃，加热时间为1～8min；模具材料采用热作模具钢。
4)将模具转移至轧机上，进行轧制，将轧辊温度升高至70～100℃，调节辊缝距离进行轧制，轧辊速度100-300转/min，辊缝的厚度等于模具厚度。轧制结束后脱模得到最终产品，板材厚度1-5mm。
所述的天然麻纤维为汉麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、剑麻纤维中的中的一种或几种的混合物。
热塑性树脂薄膜或纤维为聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯、尼龙6或尼龙66的树脂薄膜或纤维。
优选地，在步骤2)和步骤3)之间还包含有阻燃处理步骤，具体如下：将混合毡材浸入配制好的阻燃剂溶液中，然后取出后热风干燥。该步骤中添加了阻燃剂，能够改善复合板材的阻燃性能。
本发明的有益效果：
通过本发明提供的技术，可以实现汽车内饰件的轻量化和健康安全性。轧机的使用，不需要借助液压机，减少了能源的消耗，提高了生产效率。模具的使用，将沿轧制方向的剪切力一部分转化成法相方向的压力，增加压下量，使内部组织致密，力学性能提高。而且模具内部带有形状各异的型腔，方便成型各种形状的制品。
附图说明
图1为麻纤维增强复合材料模压-轧制复合成型工艺流程图；
图2为轧制设备示意图：其中，(a)为主视图；(b)为侧视图；(c)为俯视图；
图3为模具设备示意图：其中，(a)为主视图；(b)为侧视图；(c)为俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例的方式对本发明技术方案做进一步解释与说明，但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
1)对汉麻纤维进行深冷机械联合脱胶处理，具体实施的步骤可以参考CN106591961B；
2)将平均长度为7cm的汉麻纤维和聚丙烯纤维按照2:3的比例进行均匀混合1min，然后输送到梳理机进行梳理，再送入铺网机中铺网，将铺好的网折叠后送入主针刺机中进行针刺，制备出毡材；
3)将毡材浸入配制好的15wt％聚磷酸铵溶液中30min，然后取出后热风干燥；
4)将聚丙烯纤维无纺布置于毡材的上下表面，以增加复合材料的力学性能；
5)将处理的毡材裁剪成要求的尺寸后，放入模具中一起加热，加热温度为220℃，加热时间为2min，模具材料采用H13；
6)将模具放到轧机上进行轧制，轧辊温度为100℃，调节辊缝距离进行轧制。脱模后即可得到麻纤维增强复合材料，产品厚度为2mm。
实施例2
1)首先将长度约为7cm的黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维和聚乳酸纤维按照1:1:2的比例进行固相共混，然后通过气流输送至梳理机进行梳理，再将纤维送入铺网机中交叉铺网，针刺固结，制备出毡材(预制体)；
2)将毡材浸入配制好的15wt％阻燃剂溶液中20min，然后取出后热风干燥，其中阻燃剂为硫酸铵；
3)将处理的毡材裁剪成要求的尺寸后，放入模具中一起加热。加热温度为200℃，加热时间为2min，之后覆上一层面饰，模具材料为H11；
4)将模具放到轧机上进行轧制，轧辊温度为90℃。脱模后即可得到麻纤维增强复合材料，产品厚度为1mm。
实施例3
1)首先将长度均为7cm的剑麻纤维和尼龙66纤维按照1:1的比例进行固相共混，再将梳理过的纤维送入铺网机中铺网，将铺好的网折叠后送入主针刺机中进行针刺，制备出毡材；
2)将毡材浸入配制好的10％四硼酸氢铵溶液中30min，然后取出后热风干燥；
3)将处理的毡材裁剪成要求的尺寸后，放入模具中一起加热。加热温度为270℃，加热时间为1min，模具材料为5CrNiMo；
4)将模具放到轧机上进行轧制，轧辊温度为100℃，调节辊缝距离进行轧制。脱模后即可得到麻纤维增强复合材料，产品厚度为1.5mm。
实施例中复合板的厚度和力学性能测试结果，见表1。
表1
Figure GDA0002532363010000031

Claims (2)

1.一种天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压-轧制复合成型工艺方法，具体步骤如下：
1)首先将长度为6.5～7.5cm的天然麻纤维和热塑性树脂纤维进行固相共混30～60s，再通过气流铺网或梳理铺网，以及针刺固结，制备出天然麻纤维和热塑性树脂纤维的混合毡材(预制体)；
2)将热塑性纤维无纺布和/或热塑性树脂薄膜置于混合毡材的上下表面；
3)在将步骤2)得到的混合毡材裁剪成最终产品所要求的尺寸后，将混合毡材放入模具中，与模具一起加热，加热温度设定为130～300℃，加热时间为1～8min；模具材料采用热作模具钢；
4)将模具转移至轧机上，进行轧制，将轧辊温度升高至70～100℃，调节辊缝距离进行轧制，轧辊速度100-300转/min，辊缝的厚度等于模具厚度。轧制结束后脱模得到最终产品，板材厚度1-5mm；
所述的天然麻纤维为汉麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、剑麻纤维中的中的一种或几种的混合物；
热塑性树脂薄膜或纤维为聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯、尼龙6或尼龙66的树脂薄膜或纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然麻纤维增强复合材料的模压-轧制复合成型工艺方法，其特征在于，
在步骤2)和步骤3)之间还包含有阻燃处理步骤，具体如下：将混合毡材浸入配制好的阻燃剂溶液中，然后取出后热风干燥。
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