CN109286339B - Solar thermoelectric generation and air water taking integrated device applied to small island - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a solar thermoelectric generation and air water taking integrated device applied to a small island reef, which comprises: the groove type solar heat collecting unit is used for heating the heat transfer medium to raise the temperature of the heat transfer medium and keeping the preset temperature; the integrated main unit is used for thermoelectric generation and air water taking; the automatic water replenishing unit is used for replenishing seawater in the open water tank for evaporation; the humidifying and pre-cooling unit is used for carrying out heat exchange on the wet air from the humidifying chamber and the non-condensable gas from the condensing chamber in a pre-cooler and pre-cooling the wet air and the non-condensable gas; and the power storage and supply unit is used for storing electric energy generated by thermoelectric power generation and a power storage device and is used for supplying electric equipment on the small island and serving as an electric energy source for condensing and taking water at night. The solar thermoelectric generation device utilizes the Seebeck effect to carry out solar thermoelectric generation in the daytime, and stores the generated electric energy into the storage device; at night, the air humidity becomes high, and the wet air is condensed by using the Peltier effect to provide fresh water. The invention is clean and pollution-free, and has important significance for marine ecology and environmental protection.

Description

An integrated solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake applied to small islands and reefs device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of multi-energy complementary and renewable energy utilization, thermoelectric power generation, and thermoelectric refrigeration, in particular, to an integrated device for solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake applied to small islands and reefs.

Background technique

my country is a big ocean country with a vast ocean area. With the improvement of ocean awareness in today's world, the development of the ocean and the protection of marine rights and interests have been paid more and more attention. The islands and reefs in the ocean are the forefront of safeguarding marine rights and interests. At present, there are many small islands and reefs in my country. The land area is small and remote. It can only accommodate a few people or is not suitable for human habitation. For example, the rocks in the ocean cannot maintain human habitation or its own economic life. However, as a part of the national territory, it is indispensable to the sovereignty of a country, or small reefs or reefs in the sea, usually only a few soldiers are stationed or only a temporary foothold for periodic patrol personnel to patrol the island.

In this case, it is not feasible to use traditional means of power generation. For example, the diesel required for diesel power generation needs to be transported from the mainland to the island, which is costly and has a long transportation period. At the same time, due to the small land area, limited water storage capacity, and lack of freshwater resources, freshwater security needs to rely on external supplies, and it is vulnerable to complex military struggles and typhoons in special periods. The above problems seriously restrict the implementation of my country's marine development and marine rights protection strategy. Therefore, realizing the self-sufficiency of electric power and fresh water of this kind of small islands and reefs is of great significance to the national defense strategy and the development of the ocean. However, the general functions of the existing devices are mostly power generation or fresh water production, and the functions are too single to solve the problem of the shortage of electricity and fresh water at the same time. At the same time, the amount of equipment layout engineering is large, the cost is high, and it has a certain impact on the marine environment around the islands and reefs.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of device integrating thermoelectric power generation and fresh water production to effectively solve the above problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the technical problem of shortage of electricity and water caused by the particularity of the terrain of small islands and reefs, a solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs is provided. The invention can realize two functions of power generation and water intake at the same time, and provides an automatic water replenishment device, which can replenish the seawater in the open water tank of the integrated main unit with the water loss caused by evaporation. In the case of sufficient sunshine during the day, the Seebeck effect is used for solar thermal power generation, and the generated electricity is stored in the power storage device, which can supply power to some electrical equipment such as navigation marks, navigation equipment, and monitoring equipment on small islands and reefs. At night, when the air humidity increases, the Peltier effect is used to condense the humid air to obtain water to meet the daily freshwater needs of the islanders or provide freshwater for the patrolling personnel.

The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

An integrated device for solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake applied to small islands and reefs, characterized in that it includes:

The trough solar heat collecting unit is used to heat the heat transfer medium to make it warm and maintain the preset temperature. The trough solar heat collecting unit is connected with the thermoelectric power generation component in the integrated main unit through the working fluid pump to connect the heat transfer medium. pumped to the integrated main unit as the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation assembly;

The integrated main unit is used for thermoelectric power generation and air intake, including an open water tank, a thermoelectric power generation component, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet arranged at the lower part of the open water tank, and a condensation chamber arranged in the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, wherein all the The thermoelectric power generation assembly includes a thermoelectric power generation sheet arranged around the open water tank and a hot end panel arranged on the outer side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet. shape runner;

an automatic water replenishing unit, used for replenishing the evaporation of seawater in the open water tank, and the water replenishing hose of the automatic water replenishing unit is communicated with the water replenishing port on the open water tank;

The humidification and pre-cooling unit includes a humidifying chamber communicated with the inlet of the humidifying chamber arranged on the side of the open water tank, a fan that promotes the entry of air into the condensing chamber and improves the evaporation of seawater in the humidifying chamber, and a pre-cooler, and the pre-cooler uses In the precooler, heat exchange and precooling are performed between the humid air coming out of the humidification chamber and the non-condensable air coming out of the condensation chamber;

The power storage and power supply unit stores the electrical energy generated by thermoelectric power generation and in the power storage device, it is used to supply electrical equipment on small islands and reefs and as a source of electrical energy for condensation and water extraction at night.

Further, the open water tank is filled with seawater. When the sun is full during the day, the integrated main unit is in the power generation condition, and the seawater in the open water tank is used as the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation component; In the case of cold water, the seawater in the open water tank is used as the heat dissipation end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet, and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is located at the top of the condensation chamber, and the humid air entering the condensation chamber is cooled to the dew point by the Peltier refrigeration effect. the following.

Further, the heat transfer medium heated by the trough solar heat collecting unit is pumped to the serpentine flow channel of the hot end panel respectively by the working fluid pump as the hot end of thermoelectric power generation, and the heat transfer medium is It flows through the serpentine flow channels in the surrounding hot end panels, then flows out of the hot end panels and returns to the trough solar heat collecting unit for re-heating, and then flows back to the serpentine flow channels in the hot end panels for thermoelectric power generation; The heat transfer medium inflow inlet and outflow outlet on the hot end panel are arranged opposite to each other, so that the seawater temperature in the open water tank can be kept uniform.

Further, the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in the condensation chamber and the surrounding of the condensation chamber are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic film for promoting the aggregation of droplets to become larger, and the condensation chamber is also provided with a return plate, so The bottom of the open water tank is provided with a downwardly open water outlet, and fresh water flows through the water outlet through the filter and flows into the water reservoir.

Further, the automatic water replenishment unit is mainly composed of an inner water tank, an outer water tank, a buoyancy device arranged outside the inner water tank, a top rod fixed at the lower part of the outer water tank, and a sealing sheet and a spring arranged at the bottom of the inner water tank. It is composed of a water supply hose, wherein both ends of the sealing sheet are connected with the bottom of the inner water tank through springs.

Further, the bottom of the outer water tank is provided with a sea opening, and the buoyancy device is provided with a number of sliders outside, and the sliders are connected with the guide rail slideway arranged on the inner side of the outer water tank, and the inner water tank passes through. The buoyancy device floats on the liquid surface inside the outer water tank.

Further, when the inner water tank is at a low water level at ebb tide, the ejector rod pushes the sealing sheet open, and seawater enters the inner water tank; when the inner water tank is at a high water level at high tide, the sealing sheet The water inlet of the inner water tank is sealed, and the inner water tank is raised under the driving of the buoyancy device until the water supply hose fills the open water tank with water.

Further, an upper end of one side of the condensation chamber is provided with an air inlet and a non-condensable gas discharge port arranged at the lower end of one side of the condensation chamber, and the precooler is arranged on the non-condensable gas discharge pipeline, and the non-condensable gas Heat exchange with the moist air that is about to enter the condensing chamber in the pre-cooler pre-cools the intake air, and recovers part of the cooling capacity in the discharged non-condensable gas.

Further, the bottom of the humidification chamber is communicated with the open water tank, the seawater in the open water tank is introduced into the humidification chamber as a humidification source by using the principle of a connector, and the inlet of the humidification chamber is a device that can increase the air flow rate and evaporation. Retractable air intake.

Further, a part of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is not attached to the bottom of the open water tank, and a gravity heat pipe is arranged on the upper part of the suspended semiconductor refrigeration sheet. The cold end of the gravity heat pipe is the seawater in the humidification room, and the heat transfer is enhanced through the gravity heat pipe , the heat of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is introduced into the seawater in the humidification chamber, and the seawater is heated to promote evaporation.

The present invention is a device combining solar trough thermoelectric power generation and semiconductor refrigeration technology. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention provides a device applied to small islands and reefs in remote areas. The functions of existing similar devices are too single, but the device of the present invention can make full use of the abundant solar energy on the islands and reefs for thermoelectric power generation. In addition to supplying some electrical equipment on the island, it can also draw water by condensing humid air at night, which solves the problem of shortage of electricity and fresh water on small islands and reefs in one fell swoop.

(2) The present invention designs a device for replenishing water to an open water tank by utilizing the tidal phenomenon, which does not consume electric energy and can effectively save electric energy on the island.

(3) The present invention integrates the thermoelectric power generation and the air water intake device, and simultaneously realizes the functions of power generation and water intake through one device, uses the Seebeck effect to perform solar thermoelectric power generation during the day when the sun is full, and can use the Peltier effect to condense moist air at night. Take water.

(4) The humidifier in the air water intake part in the integrated main unit of the present invention uses the heated seawater as the humidification source, and the fan can increase the air intake of the condensation chamber, and at the same time, it can also increase the seawater surface air in the humidification chamber as the humidification source. The flow rate can accelerate the evaporation of the seawater surface, thereby humidifying the intake air. The design of the humidification chamber realizes the reuse of the fan and increases the water intake of the air intake subsystem.

(5) The present invention recovers part of the heat radiated from the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet for seawater humidification, and at the same time recovers the cold energy of the non-condensable gas to pre-cool the intake air, thereby reducing energy waste.

(6) The present invention is clean and pollution-free, and has great significance for marine ecology and environmental protection.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated device for thermoelectric power generation and air water intake according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated main unit of the present invention.

3 is a top view of the thermoelectric power generation part of the integrated main unit of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic water replenishing unit of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the automatic water replenishing unit of the present invention.

6 is a schematic structural diagram of the water inlet of the inner water tank of the automatic water replenishing unit of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the schematic flow chart of the water inlet process of the inner water tank of the automatic water replenishing unit of the present invention, wherein, (a) when the tide is rising, the ejector rod is separated from the sealing sheet; (b) when the tide is ebb, the ejector rod is in contact with the sealing sheet; (c) when the tide is ebb, the ejector rod is in contact with the sealing sheet. , the sealing piece is pushed open by the ejector rod; (d) During the rising tide, the sealing piece is closed under the action of the spring.

In the figure: 1. Trough solar collector unit; 2. Automatic water replenishment unit; 21. Inner water tank; 22. Outer water tank; 23. Water supply hose; 24, Buoyancy device; , ejector rod; 28, spring; 29, guide rail slideway; 3, working fluid pump; 4, integrated main unit; 41, water supply port; 42, open water tank; 45, hot end panel; 46, semiconductor refrigeration sheet; 47, return plate; 5, fan; 6, humidification chamber; 7, pre-cooler; 8, condensation chamber; 81, air inlet; 82, non-condensable gas outlet ; 9, filter; 10, water reservoir.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for convenience of description, the dimensions of various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the authorized specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only and not limiting. Accordingly, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations indicated by orientation words such as "front, rear, top, bottom, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" etc. Or the positional relationship is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and these orientation words do not indicate or imply the indicated device or element unless otherwise stated. It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "on", "over", "on the surface", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe what is shown in the figures. The spatial positional relationship of one device or feature shown to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or features would then be oriented "below" or "over" the other devices or features under its device or structure". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of "above" and "below." The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.

In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an integrated device for solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake applied to small islands and reefs, including:

The trough-type solar heat collecting unit 1 is used to heat the heat transfer medium to raise the temperature and maintain a preset temperature of about 200° C. The trough-type solar heat collecting unit 1 passes through the temperature difference between the working fluid pump 3 and the integrated main unit 4 The power generation components are connected, and the heated heat transfer medium is pumped to the integrated main unit 4 as the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation component; at the same time, the sunlight tracking device of the trough solar collector unit 1 can ensure the maximum sunlight incident intensity, And realize self-protection in extreme weather such as typhoons and storms.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the integrated main unit 4, used for thermoelectric power generation and air intake, includes an open water tank 42, a thermoelectric power generation component, a semiconductor refrigeration chip 46 disposed at the lower part of the open water tank 42, and a The condensation chamber 8 of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46, wherein the thermoelectric power generation assembly includes a thermoelectric power generation sheet 43 arranged around the open water tank 42 and a hot end panel 45 arranged outside the thermoelectric power generation sheet 43. The inside of the hot end panel 45 is provided with a serpentine flow channel for introducing a high temperature heat transfer medium;

The open water tank 42 is filled with seawater. When the sun is full during the day, the integrated main unit 4 is in a power generation condition, and the seawater in the open water tank 42 serves as the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation component; the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46 It is arranged at the bottom of the open water tank 42. When the air humidity of the islands and reefs is relatively high at night, the remaining electric energy in the power storage device is used to condense the humid air to realize the air intake. The heat dissipation end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46, the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46 is located on the top of the condensation chamber 8, and cools the humid air entering the condensation chamber to below the dew point through the Peltier refrigeration effect.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the heat transfer medium heated by the trough solar heat collecting unit 1 is pumped to the serpentine flow channel of the hot end panel 45 by the working fluid pump 3 respectively as the hot end of thermoelectric power generation, so The heat transfer medium respectively flows through the serpentine flow channels in the surrounding hot end panels 45, and then flows out of the hot end panels 45 and returns to the trough solar heat collecting unit 1 for re-heating, and then flows back into the hot end panels 45 again. The serpentine flow channel is used for thermoelectric power generation; the heat transfer medium inlet and outlet on the hot end panel 45 are arranged opposite to each other, so that the temperature of the seawater in the open water tank 42 is kept uniform. The electrical energy generated by thermoelectric power generation is stored in the power storage device, which can supply power to some electrical equipment on small islands and reefs, and supplement electrical energy for island guards or patrol personnel.

The cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 46 in the condensation chamber 8 and the surrounding of the condensation chamber 8 are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic film for promoting the aggregation of droplets to become larger, and the condensation chamber 8 is also provided with a return plate 47. The bottom of the open water tank 42 is provided with a water outlet opening downward, and fresh water flows through the filter 9 into the water storage 10 through the water outlet.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the automatic water replenishment unit 2 is used to replenish the evaporation of seawater in the open water tank 42, without consuming excess electric energy, and only needs to use the rising tide and ebb phenomenon caused by the tidal phenomenon in the ocean to automatically Hydrate. The automatic water replenishment unit 2 is mainly composed of an inner water tank 21 , an outer water tank 22 , a buoyancy device 24 arranged outside the inner water tank 21 , a top rod 27 fixed at the lower part of the outer water tank 22 , and a bottom of the inner water tank 21 . The sealing sheet 26, the spring 28 and the water supply hose 23 are composed of the sealing sheet 26, wherein the two ends of the sealing sheet 26 are connected with the bottom of the inner water tank 21 through the spring 28.

The bottom of the outer water tank 22 is provided with a sea port 25. Through the principle of the connector, the liquid level of the outer water tank 22 is always kept the same as that of the external seawater; The rail slides 29 arranged on the inner side of the outer water tank 22 are connected to each other, and the inner water tank 21 floats on the liquid surface inside the outer water tank 22 through the buoyancy device 24 .

As shown in FIG. 5 , when the water level in the outer water tank 22 rises, the buoyancy device 24 of the inner water tank 21 rises under the action of buoyancy, and the slider on the buoyancy device 24 also moves along the slider along with the rise of the buoyancy device 24 Move up. As shown in FIG. 6 , the top rod 27 is located at the bottom of the outer water tank 22 , and both ends of the sealing sheet 26 are connected to the bottom of the inner water tank 21 through springs 28 .

When the tide ebbs, the liquid level inside the outer water tank 22 is lower, and accordingly the inner water tank 21 is also in a lower position. The ejector rod 27 overcomes the elastic force of the springs 28 at both ends of the sealing piece 26, the sealing piece 26 is pushed open, and the seawater begins to enter the inner water tank 21, as shown in Figure 7(a)-(c).

When the tide rises, as the liquid level inside the outer water tank 22 rises, the inner water tank 21 also rises due to the buoyancy of the buoyancy device, the sealing piece 26 is separated from the ejector rod 27, and the sealing piece 26 is closed under the elastic force of the spring 28 7(d), the seawater stops entering the inner water tank 21. At this time, the height of the seawater in the inner water tank 21 is higher than that of the outer water tank 22, and there is a liquid level difference between the inner and outer water tanks.

With the rising tide, the seawater level continues to rise, and the inner water tank 21 continues to rise under the buoyancy of the buoyancy device 24 .

The humidification and pre-cooling unit includes a humidifying chamber 6 that communicates with the humidifying chamber inlet 44 provided on the side of the open water tank 42, a fan 5 that promotes the entry of air into the condensation chamber 8 and improves the evaporation of seawater in the humidifying chamber 6, and a pre-cooler 7. The pre-cooler 7 is used for heat exchange and pre-cooling in the pre-cooler 7 between the humid air from the humidifying chamber 6 and the non-condensable air from the condensation chamber 8;

The upper end of one side of the condensation chamber 8 is provided with an air inlet 81 and a non-condensable gas outlet 82 arranged at the lower end of one side of the condensation chamber 8, and the non-condensable gas after condensation and water extraction is discharged through the outlet. The pre-cooler 7 is arranged on the non-condensable gas discharge pipeline, and the non-condensable gas and the moist air that will enter the condensation chamber 8 conduct heat exchange in the pre-cooler 7 to pre-cool the intake air, and recover the discharged non-condensable gas. part of the cooling capacity.

The humidifier 6 uses the evaporation principle to humidify the intake air in the condensation chamber 8. The bottom of the humidification chamber 6 is communicated with the open water tank 42, and the seawater in the open water tank 42 is introduced into the humidification chamber 6 using the principle of the communication device. As the humidification source, a small fan 5 is installed at the air inlet of the humidification chamber 6 to promote the air entering the condensation chamber 8 and at the same time to increase the air flow rate on the surface of the seawater to be evaporated in the humidification chamber 6 to promote the evaporation of seawater in the humidification chamber 6 . At the same time, the air inlet of the humidification chamber 6 is a retractable air inlet, which can further increase the air flow rate on the surface of the humidification source, increase the evaporation, and then increase the condensation water intake.

A part of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46 is not attached to the bottom of the open water tank 42, and a gravity heat pipe is arranged on the upper part of the suspended semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46. The cold end of the gravity heat pipe is the seawater in the humidification chamber 6, which is strengthened by the gravity heat pipe. For heat transfer, the heat of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 46 is transferred to the seawater in the humidification chamber 6, and the seawater is heated to promote evaporation.

The outside of the humidification chamber 6 is heat-insulated.

Electricity storage and power supply unit, when the sun is full during the day, the electric energy generated by solar thermoelectric power generation is stored in the electricity storage device for daily use on the island, and can be used to supply other electrical equipment such as navigation marks or navigation devices. Electric energy, using the Peltier effect to condense humid air at night to obtain water for daily use by island personnel or patrolmen, can effectively solve the problem of freshwater shortage on the island.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (9)

1. a solar energy thermoelectric power generation and air intake integrated device that is applied to small islands and reefs, is characterized in that, comprises: A trough-type solar heat collecting unit (1), used for heating a heat transfer medium to raise the temperature and maintaining a preset temperature, the trough-type solar heat collecting unit (1) is connected to an integrated main unit (4) through a working fluid pump (3) ) are connected to the thermoelectric power generation assembly, and the heat transfer medium is pumped to the integrated main unit (4) as the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation assembly; The integrated main unit (4) is used for thermoelectric power generation and air water intake, and includes an open water tank (42), a thermoelectric power generation component, a semiconductor refrigeration chip (46) arranged in the lower part of the open water tank (42), and a The condensation chamber (8) at the lower part of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46), wherein the thermoelectric power generation assembly comprises a thermoelectric power generation sheet (43) arranged around the open water tank (42) and a thermoelectric power generation sheet arranged on the thermoelectric sheet The hot end panel (45) on the outer side of (43), the inside of the hot end panel (45) is provided with a serpentine flow channel for introducing a high temperature heat transfer medium; the open water tank (42) is filled with seawater , when the sun is bright during the day, the integrated main unit (4) is in the power generation condition, and the seawater in the open water tank (42) is used as the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation component; when the water is drawn at night, the open The seawater in the type water tank (42) dissipates heat for the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46), and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46) is located on the top of the condensation chamber (8), and is cooled by the Peltier refrigeration effect The moist air entering the condensing chamber is below the dew point; An automatic water replenishment unit (2) for replenishing the evaporation of seawater in the open water tank (42), the replenishment hose (23) of the automatic water replenishment unit (2) and the replenishment water on the open water tank (42) The mouth (41) is connected; A humidification and pre-cooling unit, comprising a humidification chamber (6) communicated with a humidification chamber inlet (44) provided on the side of the open water tank (42), promoting air to enter the condensation chamber (8) and improving the humidification chamber (6) A fan (5) for evaporating seawater and a pre-cooler (7), the pre-cooler (7) is used for the moist air coming out from the humidification chamber (6) and the condensation chamber (8) The non-condensable gas that comes out performs heat exchange and precooling in the precooler (7); The power storage and power supply unit stores the electrical energy generated by thermoelectric power generation and in the power storage device, it is used to supply electrical equipment on small islands and reefs and as a source of electrical energy for condensation and water extraction at night. 2. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer medium heated by the trough solar heat collecting unit (1) passes through the working medium The pump (3) is respectively pumped into the serpentine flow channel of the hot end panel (45) as the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation, and the heat transfer medium is respectively in the thermoelectric power generation sheet (43) around the open water tank (42). ) flows through the serpentine flow channel in the hot end panel (45) on the outside, and then flows out of the hot end panel (45) and returns to the trough solar heat collecting unit (1) for re-heating and then flows back to the hot end panel (45). The serpentine flow channel in 45) performs thermoelectric power generation; the heat transfer medium inflow port and the outflow port on the hot end panel (45) are arranged opposite to each other, so that the temperature of the seawater in the open water tank (42) is kept uniform. 3. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 1, wherein the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46) in the condensation chamber (8) is the same as the The condensation chamber (8) is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic membrane around the condensation chamber (8) for promoting the aggregation and enlargement of the droplets, a return plate (47) is also arranged in the condensation chamber (8), and the bottom of the open water tank (42) is A water outlet opening downward is provided, and fresh water flows through the filter (9) into the water storage device (10) through the water outlet. 4. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 1, wherein the automatic water replenishment unit (2) is mainly composed of an inner water tank (21) and an outer water tank (22) , a buoyancy device (24) arranged outside the inner water tank (21), a top rod (27) fixed at the lower part of the outer water tank (22), and a sealing sheet (26) arranged at the bottom of the inner water tank (21) ), a spring (28) and a water supply hose (23), wherein both ends of the sealing sheet (26) are connected to the bottom of the inner water tank (21) through the spring (28). 5. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 4, wherein the bottom of the outer water tank (22) is provided with a sea port (25), and the buoyancy device (24) A number of sliders are provided on the outside, the sliders are connected with the guide rail slideways (29) arranged on the inner side of the outer water tank (22), and the inner water tank (21) passes through the buoyancy device (24) ) floats on the liquid surface inside the outer water tank (22). 6. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 5, characterized in that, when the inner water tank (21) is at a low water level at ebb tide, the top rod (27) ) to open the sealing sheet (26), and the seawater enters the inner water tank (21); when the inner water tank (21) is at a high water level at high tide, the sealing sheet (26) pushes the inner water tank (21) The water inlet is sealed, and the inner water tank (21) is raised under the driving of the buoyancy device (24) until the water supply hose (23) supplies water into the open water tank (42). 7. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that, an upper end of one side of the condensation chamber (8) is provided with an air inlet (81) and set At the non-condensable gas discharge port (82) at the lower end of one side of the condensation chamber (8), the pre-cooler (7) is arranged on the non-condensable gas discharge pipeline, and the non-condensable gas and the non-condensable gas that will soon enter the condensation chamber (8) The humid air is subjected to heat exchange in the pre-cooler (7) to pre-cool the intake air, and part of the cooling capacity in the discharged non-condensable gas is recovered. 8. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the humidification chamber (6) is communicated with the open water tank (42), and the The seawater in the open water tank (42) is introduced into the humidification chamber (6) as a humidification source by using the principle of a communicating device, and the humidification chamber inlet (44) is a retractable air inlet that can increase the air flow rate and evaporation. 9. The solar thermoelectric power generation and air water intake integrated device applied to small islands and reefs according to claim 8, wherein a part of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46) is not attached to the bottom of the open water tank (42) In combination, a gravity heat pipe is arranged on the upper part of the suspended semiconductor refrigeration sheet (46), and the cold end of the gravity heat pipe is the seawater in the humidification chamber (6). The seawater introduced into the humidification chamber (6) heats the seawater to promote evaporation.

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