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CN109282276B - Biomass gasifier - Google Patents

Biomass gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109282276B
CN109282276B CN201811318827.1A CN201811318827A CN109282276B CN 109282276 B CN109282276 B CN 109282276B CN 201811318827 A CN201811318827 A CN 201811318827A CN 109282276 B CN109282276 B CN 109282276B
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air
combustion chamber
wall
pipe
furnace body
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CN109282276A (en
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袁华
钟清
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Chenzhou Huafeng Energy Technology Co ltd
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Chenzhou Huafeng Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/16Over-feed arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass gasifier, which comprises a furnace body, a combustion chamber, a fuel gas outlet, a feeding device and a blower; the lower end of the combustion chamber is a primary air chamber, and the side surface of the combustion chamber is provided with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and obvious beneficial effect by arranging the feeding port right above the combustion chamber for directly heating and blanking.

Description

Biomass gasifier
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass energy utilization equipment, and particularly relates to a biomass gasifier.
Background
The biomass gasifier is prepared by using biomass agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws, branches, barks, fruit peels and the like; processing leftover materials by woodware; organic matters such as building waste plates and the like are used as fuels, and are subjected to suspension, boiling and semi-gasification cracking to generate high-temperature hot flame and transfer heat to thermal equipment; or the gas is gasified and cracked into fuel gas for power generation or gas for life of residents. And the zero emission of carbon dioxide and the huge advantage of biomass energy are high-efficiency and environment-friendly combustion equipment for replacing the heat source of the traditional coal-fired boiler.
However, the burner in the prior art has the disadvantages of short service life, complex structure and increased cost due to unreasonable structure! And the feeding port of the existing burner has technical design obstacle that the high-temperature baking cannot be borne, and the feeding can only be carried out from the side, so that the boiling effect caused by uneven coverage of biomass combustion substances is not ideal, and the gas production rate is reduced by phase change or the heat energy utilization rate is not high.
12/16/2015, chinese utility model patent grant publication no: CN204880097U discloses a water-cooled living beings granule combustor, including combustor, feed bin and fan: the combustor comprises a feed inlet, a fire outlet, an inner wall, an outer wall and a bottom plate, a cavity is arranged between two sides of the inner wall and the outer wall, the upper side and the lower side of the inner wall and the outer wall are fixedly installed in a sealing mode, a water cavity is installed at the top end of the combustor, and the water cavity is communicated with the cavity through a pipeline. This technical scheme can effectually carry out the cooling under the high temperature to the burning machine, has increased life. But because the feed mode is through discharge gate, spiral material conveyer, the inlet pipe that has the dog-ear that feed bin bottom set gradually and combustor feed inlet intercommunication, living beings granule material can only fall on one side of the combustion chamber grate and pile up, can't scatter, because still there is the boiling effect that the biomass burning thing covers inhomogeneous and lead to unsatisfactory to heat utilization rate is also not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the biomass gasifier which is simple in structure, low in cost and obvious in beneficial effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a biomass gasifier comprises a furnace body, a combustion chamber, a fuel gas outlet, a feeding device and a blower; the lower end of the combustion chamber is a primary air chamber, and the side surface of the combustion chamber is provided with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port; the method is characterized in that: the furnace wall of the furnace body is an interlayer water-cooled wall; the top plate of the furnace body is composed of a refractory building layer and an interlayer water cooling layer, and the interlayer water cooling layer is communicated with an interlayer water cooling wall waterway in the furnace wall in a circulating manner; a feeding device is arranged at the center of the top plate of the furnace body; the gas outlet is arranged at the upper side of the furnace body, and the output pipeline of the gas outlet is of an interlayer water jacket structure; the feeding device consists of a storage bin, a buffer storage bin and a blanking pipe; the storage bin is positioned above the buffer storage bin, and a feed opening of the storage bin is connected with a feed end of the buffer storage bin through a pneumatic inserting plate; the wall of the buffer bin is also an interlayer water-cooled wall and is communicated with an interlayer water-cooled wall waterway in the wall of the furnace; the discharge end of the buffer bin is connected with the upper end of the blanking pipe through a pneumatic plate turnover part; the blanking pipe passes through the top plate of the furnace body, and the lower opening is opposite to the center of the combustion chamber grate; the pipe wall of the blanking pipe is protected by an annular cooling air pipe at the position where the pipe wall is contacted with the refractory building layer; the pneumatic turning plate component consists of a cylinder, a crank rotating arm, a balance weight and a valve plate; a connecting rod of the cylinder drives a crank of a crank rotating shaft, one radial side of the rotating shaft is provided with a balance weight, and the other side is fixed with a valve plate; when the cylinder is inflated, the connecting rod extends out to drive the crank rotating shaft to rotate, and drives the valve plate to open downwards; when the air cylinder is out of air, the balance weight drives the crank rotating shaft to rotate reversely under the action of gravity, and drives the valve plate to close upwards; the air inlet end of the annular cooling air pipe is connected with an air pipe of the blower through an air quantity regulating valve; the air outlet end of the annular cooling air pipe is communicated with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port on the side surface of the combustion chamber.
According to the technical scheme, the combustion machine is ingeniously and completely newly designed, the feeding hole is boldly arranged right above the combustion chamber and is directly heated and blanked, feeding is set at the high temperature of the combustion chamber, and feeding is not performed at the low temperature; the covering of the biomass fuel is more uniformly distributed on the grate by utilizing the high-temperature airflow in the combustion chamber, after the biomass fuel in the first layer is distributed and combusted, the uniform covering of the subsequent biomass fuel layer on the biomass fuel in the previous layer is effectively increased, and the swirling flow boiling combustion effect is further increased! More gas is produced. Thereby increasing the technical effect of the technical scheme. And the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Drawings
For further explanation of the invention, the drawings and detailed description are set forth below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1, a furnace body; 2 a combustion chamber; 3, a gas outlet; 4, a primary air chamber; 5, furnace wall; 6 a top plate; 7 building a layer of refractory material; 8, an interlayer water cooling layer; 9 an output pipeline; 10 air volume adjusting valve; 11 blower air pipe; 12 a stock bin; 13, caching the bin; 14 blanking pipe; 15, pneumatic inserting plates; 16 annular cooling air pipes; 17 air cylinders; 18 crank shaft; 19 a counterweight; 20 valve plate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a biomass gasifier comprises a furnace body 1, a combustion chamber 2, a fuel gas outlet 3, a feeding device and a blower; the lower end of the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a primary air chamber 4, and the side surface of the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port; the method is characterized in that: the furnace wall 5 of the furnace body is an interlayer water-cooled wall; the top plate 6 of the furnace body is composed of a refractory building layer 7 and an interlayer water cooling layer 8, and the interlayer water cooling layer 8 is communicated with an interlayer water cooling wall waterway in the furnace wall 5 in a circulating way; a feeding device is arranged at the center of the top plate 6 of the furnace body; the gas outlet 3 is arranged at the upper side of the furnace body 1, and an output pipeline 9 of the gas outlet is of an interlayer water jacket structure; the feeding device consists of a stock bin 12, a buffer storage bin 13 and a blanking pipe 14; the storage bin 12 is positioned above the buffer storage bin 13, and a feed opening of the storage bin 12 is connected with a feed end of the buffer storage bin 13 through a pneumatic inserting plate 15; the wall of the buffer storage 13 is also an interlayer water-cooled wall and is communicated with the interlayer water-cooled wall in the furnace wall 5 to form a waterway; the discharge end of the buffer bin 13 is connected with the upper end of the blanking pipe 14 through a pneumatic plate turnover part; the blanking pipe 14 passes through the top plate 6 of the furnace body, and the lower opening is opposite to the center of the fire grate of the combustion chamber 2; the pipe wall of the blanking pipe 14 is protected by an annular cooling air pipe 16 at the position where the pipe wall is contacted with the refractory building layer 7; the pneumatic plate turnover component consists of a cylinder 17, a crank rotating shaft 18, a balance weight 19 and a valve plate 20; a connecting rod of the air cylinder 17 drives a crank of a crank rotating shaft 18, one radial side of the rotating shaft is provided with a balance weight 19, and the other side is fixed with a valve plate 20; when the air cylinder 17 is inflated, the connecting rod extends out to drive the crank rotating shaft 18 to rotate, and the valve plate 20 is driven to open downwards; when the air cylinder 17 is exhausted, the counter weight 19 drives the crank rotating shaft 18 to rotate reversely under the action of gravity, and drives the valve plate 20 to close upwards; the air inlet end of the annular cooling air pipe 16 is connected with an air blower air pipe 22 through an air quantity regulating valve 10; the air outlet end of the annular cooling air pipe 16 is communicated with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port on the side surface of the combustion chamber 2.
The biomass gasification method adopting the biomass gasifier comprises the following steps:
1) the biomass fuel is fed through the feeding device and falls on the center of the fire grate of the combustion chamber 2, and ignition or ignition is carried out to ensure that the biomass fuel starts to burn; after the combustion temperature reaches 250 ℃, starting an air blower to blow air and supply oxygen to a primary air chamber 4 at the lower end of the combustion chamber 2; the combustion temperature is 300-400 ℃;
2) adding materials, namely closing the discharge end of the buffer bin 13 by a pneumatic plate turning component of the material device when the combustion chamber is at high temperature so as to prevent the high-temperature combustion chamber 2 from tempering through the blanking pipe 14; then, the biomass fuel is sent into a bin 12 of a feeding device; opening the pneumatic inserting plate 15, feeding the biomass fuel into the buffer storage bin 13 of the feeding device, and closing the pneumatic inserting plate 15; starting a cylinder 17 of the pneumatic plate turnover component to inflate the cylinder 17, extending a connecting rod to drive a crank rotating shaft 18 to rotate, and driving a valve plate 20 to open downwards; the biomass fuel falls into the center of the fire grate of the combustion chamber 2 and is uniformly dispersed towards the periphery of the fire grate; the air cylinder 17 of the pneumatic plate turnover component is closed, the counter weight 19 drives the crank rotating shaft 18 to rotate reversely under the action of gravity, and the valve plate 20 is driven to upwards close the discharge end of the buffer bin 13;
3) the added biomass fuel is continuously combusted in the combustion chamber 2, the blast air output by the blower is adjusted and controlled by the air volume adjusting valve 10, enters the annular cooling air pipe 16 on the pipe wall of the blanking pipe 14 for preheating, and then is sent into the secondary air supplementing swirl air port, cyclone oxygen supplementation is generated in the combustion chamber 2, the biomass fuel forms swirl boiling combustion gasification in the combustion chamber 2 under the drive of the cyclone, and the combustion is maintained at 300-400 ℃; the generated fuel gas is output outwards through a fuel gas outlet 3 arranged at the upper side of the furnace body 1;
4) the control setting is that the feeding is carried out at the high temperature of the combustion chamber 2, and the feeding is not carried out at the low temperature; the coverage of the biomass fuel is more uniformly distributed on the fire grate by using the high-temperature air flow in the combustion chamber 2;
in the method, the excess air coefficient of the cyclone oxygen supplement in the combustion chamber 2 of the biomass gasifier is 1.0-1.2.
The technical scheme includes that primary oxygen supply combustion and primary oxygen supplement combustion are designed, high-temperature flue gas is coalesced at a fire outlet 3 of a combustion chamber, cyclone oxygen supplement of a secondary air supplement cyclone tuyere is controlled by controlling an air quantity adjusting valve 10, and the combustion chamber 2 is skillfully operated in a middle temperature region of 300-400 ℃; the requirement of the furnace wall 5 of the furnace body on temperature-resistant materials is reduced. The service life of the furnace wall 5 of the furnace body is prolonged, and the safety is increased! That is, it is only necessary to use a high-temperature resistant steel material for the burner 3 of the combustion chamber.

Claims (2)

1. A biomass gasifier comprises a furnace body (1), a combustion chamber (2), a fuel gas outlet (3), a feeding device and a blower; the lower end of the combustion chamber (2) is provided with a primary air chamber (4), and the side surface of the combustion chamber (2) is provided with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port; the method is characterized in that: the furnace wall (5) of the furnace body is an interlayer water-cooled wall; the top plate (6) of the furnace body is composed of a refractory building layer (7) and an interlayer water cooling layer (8), and the interlayer water cooling layer (8) is communicated with an interlayer water cooling wall water channel in the furnace wall (5) in a circulating way; a feeding device is arranged at the center of a top plate (6) of the furnace body; the gas outlet (3) is arranged at the upper side of the furnace body (1), and an output pipeline (9) of the gas outlet is of an interlayer water jacket structure; the feeding device consists of a stock bin (12), a buffer storage bin (13) and a blanking pipe (14); the storage bin (12) is positioned above the buffer storage bin (13), and a feed opening of the storage bin (12) is connected with a feed end of the buffer storage bin (13) through a pneumatic inserting plate (15); the wall of the buffer storage bin (13) is also an interlayer water-cooled wall and is communicated with the interlayer water-cooled wall in the furnace wall (5) through a waterway; the discharge end of the buffer bin (13) is connected with the upper end of the blanking pipe (14) through a pneumatic plate turnover part; the blanking pipe (14) passes through a top plate (6) of the furnace body, and the lower opening of the blanking pipe is over against the center of a fire grate of the combustion chamber (2); the pipe wall of the blanking pipe (14) is protected by an annular cooling air pipe (16) at the position where the pipe wall is contacted with the refractory building layer (7); the pneumatic plate turnover component consists of a cylinder (17), a crank rotating shaft (18), a balance weight (19) and a valve plate (20); a connecting rod of the cylinder (17) drives a crank of a crank rotating shaft (18), one radial side of the rotating shaft is provided with a balance weight (19), and the other side is fixed with a valve plate (20); when the cylinder (17) is inflated, the connecting rod extends out to drive the crank rotating shaft (18) to rotate, and drives the valve plate (20) to open downwards; when the air cylinder (17) is out of air, the counter weight (19) drives the crank rotating shaft (18) to rotate reversely under the action of gravity, and drives the valve plate (20) to close upwards; the air inlet end of the annular cooling air pipe (16) is connected with an air blower air pipe (22) through an air volume adjusting valve (10); the air outlet end of the annular cooling air pipe (16) is communicated with a secondary air supplementing swirl air port on the side surface of the combustion chamber (2).
2. A biomass gasification method using the biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the biomass fuel is fed by the feeding device and falls on the center of the fire grate of the combustion chamber (2), and ignition or ignition is carried out to ensure that the biomass fuel starts to burn; after the combustion temperature reaches 250 ℃, starting an air blower to blow air and supply oxygen to a primary air chamber (4) at the lower end of the combustion chamber (2); the combustion temperature is 300-400 ℃;
2) adding materials, namely closing the discharge end of the buffer bin (13) by a pneumatic plate turnover part of a feeding device to prevent the high-temperature combustion chamber (2) from backfiring through a blanking pipe (14); then, the biomass fuel is sent into a bin (12) of a feeding device; opening the pneumatic inserting plate (15), feeding the biomass fuel into a buffer storage bin (13) of the feeding device, and closing the pneumatic inserting plate (15); starting an air cylinder (17) of the pneumatic plate turnover component to inflate the air cylinder (17), wherein a connecting rod extends out to drive a crank rotating shaft (18) to rotate and drives a valve plate (20) to open downwards; the biomass fuel falls into the center of the fire grate of the combustion chamber (2) and is uniformly dispersed towards the periphery of the fire grate; the cylinder (17) of the pneumatic plate turnover component is closed, the counter weight (19) drives the crank rotating shaft (18) to rotate reversely under the action of gravity, and the valve plate (20) is driven to upwards close the discharge end of the buffer bin (13);
3) the added biomass fuel is continuously combusted in the combustion chamber (2), blast air output by the air blower is adjusted and controlled by the air volume adjusting valve (10), enters the annular cooling air duct (16) on the tube wall of the blanking tube (14) for preheating, and then is sent to the secondary air supplementing swirl air port, cyclone oxygen supplementation is generated in the combustion chamber (2), the biomass fuel forms swirl boiling combustion gasification in the combustion chamber (2) under the drive of the cyclone, and the combustion is maintained at 300-400 ℃; the generated fuel gas is output outwards through a fuel gas outlet (3) arranged at the upper side of the furnace body (1);
4) the control setting is that the feeding is carried out at the high temperature of the combustion chamber (2) and the feeding is not carried out at the low temperature; the coverage of the biomass fuel is more uniformly distributed on the fire grate by using the high-temperature air flow in the combustion chamber (2);
in the method, the excess air coefficient of the cyclone oxygen supplement in the combustion chamber (2) of the biomass gasifier is 1.0-1.2.
CN201811318827.1A 2018-11-07 2018-11-07 Biomass gasifier Active CN109282276B (en)

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110107886A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-08-09 郴州华峰能源科技有限公司 A kind of straw burning machine
CN111748381A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-10-09 罗亨宽 Biomass crushed aggregate chain-type gasification furnace

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006300501A (en) * 2005-04-20 2006-11-02 Nagasaki Kogyosho:Kk Downward moving bed type furnace
CN200971991Y (en) * 2006-10-30 2007-11-07 于波涛 Self-control plate turn-over valve
CN102260537A (en) * 2011-06-10 2011-11-30 杨清萍 Device for preparing combustible gas by virtue of plasma pyrolysis and oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting material
CN106987278A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-07-28 广州博恩能源有限公司 A kind of biomass gasifying furnace
CN209116319U (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-07-16 郴州华峰能源科技有限公司 A kind of biomass gasifying machine

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6647903B2 (en) * 2000-09-14 2003-11-18 Charles W. Aguadas Ellis Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing combustible gas

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006300501A (en) * 2005-04-20 2006-11-02 Nagasaki Kogyosho:Kk Downward moving bed type furnace
CN200971991Y (en) * 2006-10-30 2007-11-07 于波涛 Self-control plate turn-over valve
CN102260537A (en) * 2011-06-10 2011-11-30 杨清萍 Device for preparing combustible gas by virtue of plasma pyrolysis and oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting material
CN106987278A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-07-28 广州博恩能源有限公司 A kind of biomass gasifying furnace
CN209116319U (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-07-16 郴州华峰能源科技有限公司 A kind of biomass gasifying machine

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